Rakosi's analysis is an important diagnostic tool for planning functional appliance therapy. It involves analyzing three divisions: 1) the facial skeleton, 2) the jaw bones, and 3) the dentoalveolar relationship. Key measurements of the facial skeleton include saddle, articular, and gonial angles which provide information about cranial base orientation and mandibular positioning. Measurements of the jaw bones like SNA, SNB, and inclination angle describe the maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases. Dentoalveolar measurements such as upper and lower incisor angles indicate incisor inclinations. Rakosi's analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue structures for orthodontic
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Mc namara analysis. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Mc namara analysis. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cephalometrics have been the important diagnostic tool in orthodontics. Here is the detailed information about the hard tissue cephalometric analysis performed to diagnose and plan the effective treatment plan.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
3. Reference points used in Rakosi’s analysis
• N - most anterior point of the frontonasal suture in the
median plane.
• S–geometric center of the pituitary fossa.
• Se Midpoint of entrance to sella-midpoint of the line
connecting the posterior clinoid process and anterior
opening of the sella turcica.
• A point – deepest point in the concavity from the ANS to
the maxillary alveolar process.
• B point– deepest point in the concavity from the chin to
the mandibular alveolar process.
• Pog – most anterior point of the bony chin.
• Me – the most inferior point of the chin
• Gn – point midway between Pogonion and Menton.
4. Reference points used in Rakosi’s analysis
• Ar – Intersection of the posterior border of the ramus
and the inferior border of the cranial base.
• Cd Condylion – most superior point on the head of the
condyle.
• ANS– the anterior tip of the sharp bony process of the
maxilla at the lower margin of the anterior nasal
opening.
• PNS– the posterior spine of the palatine bone
constituting the hard palate.
• Ba – the lowest point on the anterior rim of the foramen
magnum.
5. REFERENCE PLANES USED IN RAKOSI’S
ANALYSIS
• SN plane
• Frankfort plane
• Palatal plane
• Occlusal plane
• Mandibular plane
6. The Rakosi’s analysis can be divided into 3
divisions:
1- analysis of facial skeleton analysis
2- analysis of jaw bones
3- analysis of dento-alveolar relationship
7. Analysis of Facial Skeleton
• Saddle angle
• Articular angle
• Gonial angle
• Facial hieght
• Extent of anterior and posterior cranial
base length.
8. SADDLE ANGLE
Cranial base (saddle) angle (130° ±
5°): The saddle angle is so termed as
the angle’s centres at sella, which is
the midpoint of the sella turcica (Latin
for ‘ Turkish saddle ’ ).
The saddle angle (N - S - Ba) is the
angle formed between the anterior and
posterior cranial base; it is effectively a
measure of the ‘ bend ’ between the
anterior and posterior cranial base.
It is measured as the anterior inferior
angle formed by the intersection of the
SN line, which represents the anterior
cranial base and the S-Ba line, which
represents the posterior cranial base.
9. SADDLE ANGLE
An increased saddle angle indicates a
posterior position of the glenoid fossa and
mandibular condyle, thereby a posteriorly
positioned mandible (mandibular retrognathia)
in relation to the cranial base, unless
compensated by a more acute gonial angle and
increased mandibular length;
conversely, a reduced saddle angle indicates
an anterior position of the glenoid fossa and
mandibular condyle, thereby leading to
mandibular prognathism, unless compensated
by an increased gonial angle and reduced
mandibular length.
(If basion is difficult to identify on a lateral
cephalometric radiograph, articulare may be
used instead; normal value for N-S-Ar is
125°±5°.)
10. ARTICULARE ANGLE
It is formed by joining the points S, Ar, and
Go.
It is the constructed angle between the
upper and lower contours of the facial
skeleton.
It depends on the position of the mandible .
If the mandible is retrognathic, it increases,
and it decreases in cases of prognathic
mandible.
It decreases with anterior positioning of the
mandible, deep bite and mesial migration of
the posterior segment.
Increases with posterior relocation of the
mandible, opening of the bite and distal
deviation of posterior segment.
• Mean value is 143±6°
11. GONIAL ANGLE
This is a measure of the angle formed by the tangents to the body of the mandible and
posterior border of the ramus. It helps to describe the form of the mandible, in particular
the relationship between the ramus and the body. It is highly correlated with the
mandibular plane angle.
It does not only give the form of the mandible but also gives informtion about the
direction of growth of the mandible. An increased gonial angle is associated with
posterior (backward) mandibular growth rotation, and a reduced gonial angle is
associated with anterior (forward) mandibular growth rotation and is favourable
condition for anterior positioning of the mandible using an activator. Mean value is 128±
7°.
12. UPPER AND LOWER GONIAL ANGLES OF JARABAK
The gonial angle may be
divided by a line drawn from
nasion to gonion.
This gives an upper and lower
gonial angle of Jarabak.
The upper angle is formed by
the ascending ramus and the
line joining nasion and gonion.
A larger upper angle indicates
horizontal growth.
• The mean value is 50-55°.
13. UPPER AND LOWER GONIAL ANGLES OF JARABAK
The lower angle is formed by
the line joining nasion and
gonion and the lower border of
the mandible.
A larger lower angle indicates
vertical growth pattern.
• The mean value is 72-75°.
14. SUM OF POSTERIOR ANGLES
Sum of posterior angles is
Saddle angle + Articulare angle
+ Gonial angle:
• If the sum is more than 396°
then it is clockwise direction
of growth.
• If the sum is less than 396°
then it is anticlockwise
direction of growth.
• If the sum is less than 396°
then it is favourable for
functional appliance therapy.
15. FACIAL HIEGHT
POSTERIOR FACIAL
HEIGHT is measured from S
to Go.
It is more in patients having
horizontal growth pattern
than patients having vertical
growth pattern.
ANTERIOR FACIAL
HEIGHT is measured from N
to Me.
It is more in patients having
vertical growth pattern than
patients having horizontal
growth pattern.
16. JARABAK’S RATIO
• It is given by the formula :
Posterior facial height x 100
Anterior facial height
• A ratio of less than 62%
expresses a vertical growth
pattern whereas more than
65% expresses a horizontal
growth pattern.
17. EXTENT OF ANTERIOR CRANIAL BASE LENGTH
It is taken from N to Se.
It is increased in
horizontal growth
pattern and reduced in
vertical growth pattern.
Mean value is 75mm.
18. EXTENT OF POSTERIOR CRANIAL BASE LENGTH
It is measured from S to Ar.
Also called as lateral cranial base
length.
It is based on posterior facial
height and position of the fossa.
Short cranial bases are seen in
vertical growth pattern and
skeletal open bites.
• Mean value is 32-35mm.
19. Analysis of jaw bases
• SNA
• SNB
• BASE PLANE ANGLE
• INCLINATION ANGLE
• EXTENT OF MAXILLARY BASE
• EXTENT OF MANDIBULAR BASE
• LENGTH OF ASCENDING RAMUS
20. SNA angle
• SNA expresses the sagittal
relationship of the anterior limit
of the maxillary apical base to
the anterior cranial base.
• It is large in prognathic maxilla
and small in retruded maxilla.
• Mean value is 82°.
21. SNB angle
• SNB expresses the sagittal
reltionship between the
anterior extent of the
mandibular apical base and
anterior cranial base.
• The mean value is 80 degree.
• It is large with a prognathic
mandible and small with a
retrusive mandible.
22. BASE PLANE ANGLE
The base plane angle is the angle
between the palatal plane and the
mandibular plane.
It is large in vertical growth pattern
and small in horizontal growth
patterns.
• Mean value is 25° .
The base plane angle is divided into
2:
Upper – between the palatal plane
and the occlusal plane. Mean
value is 11°.
lower – between the occusal plane
and the mandibular plane . Mean
value is 14°.
23. INCLINATION ANGLE
It is the angle formed by the
perpendicular line dropped from Se-
N at N‛ and the palatal plane.
A large angle expresses upward and
forward inclination whereas small
angle indicates down and back
tipping of the anterior end of the
palatal plane and maxillary base.
• Mean value is 85° .
Red= anterior rotation
Red= anterior rotation
Blue= posterior rotation
24. LINEAR MEASUREMENT OF THE JAW
BASES
• EXTENT OF MANDIBULAR BASE
• EXTENT OF THE MAXILLARY BASE
• LENGTH OF ASCENDING RAMUS
25. EXTENT OF MANDIBULAR BASE
The extent of the mandibular
base is determined by
measuring the distance
between Go and Pog.
More in patients having
horizontal growth pattern than
patients having vertical growth
pattern.
Ideally it should be 3 mm more
than (N-Se) distance.
26. EXTENT OF MAXILLARY BASE
It is determined by measuring
the distance between the PNS
and a perpendicular drawn
from point A to the palatal
plane.
The difference of the
measurement between
horizontal and vertical growth
pattern is slight.
27. LENGTH OF ASCENDING RAMUS
The length of the ascending
ramus is done by measuring
the distance between the
gonion and the condylion.
The length of the ramus is more
in patients having horizontal
growth pattern than vertical
growth pattern.
28. Linear analysis of the jaw bases
The dimensions of the jaw bases are
assessed in relationship to the N-Se
distance in the form of a
proportional analysis as discribed by
Schwarz.
The ideal value for the length of the
mandibular base in relationship to
ant. Cranial base is 3 mm greater
than the N-Se distance.
The relationship of the upper to
lower jaw base length in in the ratio
of 2:3, and the average relation of the
ramus to mandibular base 5:7.
30. UPPER INCISORS
The long axis of the upper incisors is
extended to intersect the S-N line and
the posterior angle is measured.
It is used to determine the position of
the maxillary incisors.
In cases of proclined upper incisors the
angle increases.
Mean value is 104° .
A smaller angle indicates the incisors
are lingually tipped which is
advantageous for functional appliance
treatment.
31. LOWER INCISORS
The long axis of the lower incisors is
extended to intersect with the
mandibular plane and the posterior
angle is measured.
Smaller angle indicates lingual
tipping of the incisors.
If the lower incisors are labially
tipped, the reposition of the mandible
anteriorly as well as lingually tip the
incisors and these two things are in
the opposite direction so functional
applince therapy ,may be difficult.
• Mean value is 90°±5º.
32. POSITIONS OF INCISORS
Position of the incisors is the
distance of the incisal edges from
the N-Pog line the so called facial
plane.
The average position of the
maxillary incisors is 2 to 4mm
anterior to the N-Pog line
The average position of the
mandibular incisors is 2mm
anterior or posterior to the N-Pog
line.