TrueFalse Verilog is case-insensitive TF Verilog has constructs.pdf
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True/False Verilog is case-insensitive T/F Verilog has constructs that model hardware concurrency T/F Verilog HDL does not support hierarchical decomposition of a design T/F It is alright to define a module within a module T/F Data-Flow constructs with delay specifications are synthesizable T/F Short Questions Write -13.5625 as an IEEE single precision floating point number. You may write your 32-bit answer in binary or hexadecimal, but it must conform to the single-precision IEEE 754 floating point standard? (4) Design the hardware for a left shifter that shifts an 8-bit number 2 bit to the left. For example if A = 00011111, A Shifted = 01111100? Solution Answers: Question 1 1)False Explanation:Verilog is a case-sensitive language. All keywords are in lowercase. 2)True Explanation:and Verilog HDL opening concurrent contexts: Fork-Join in Verilog that are used in modeling on to concurrent hardware 3)False Explanation:Verilog HDL supports a top-down design approach of hierarchical decomposition 4)True Explanation: It is safe to use nested module 5)True Explanation: Verilog code using synthesizable constructs of the language. Question 2 1)the decimal representation of numbers like \"-13.5625\" . The conversion is IEEE 754 Converter Binary Representation:11000001010110010000000000000000 Hexadecimal Representation:0xc1590000.
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A floating-point unit (FPU) is a math coprocessor, a part of a computer system specially designed to carry
out operations on floating point numbers. The term floating point refers to the fact that the radix point can
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precision floating point, also known as double, is a commonly used format on PCs due to its wider range
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standard defines a double as sign bit, exponent and mantissa. The aim is to build an efficient FPU that
performs basic functions with reduced complexity of the logic used and also reduces the memory
requirement as far as possible.
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Basics of digital verilog design(alok singh kanpur)
IT IS ABOUT BEHAVIORAL LEVEL, DATA FLOW MODELLING,GATE LEVEL .
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VERILOG AND VHDL.
ABSTRACTION
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1.5 Legal Labels in Verilog areSystem Verilog extends it and al.pdf
1.
5 Legal Labels in Verilog are:
System Verilog extends it and allows one to add named blocks to reserve word end and join.
Also SystemVerilog allows to add the LABLE or NAMED BLOCK before begin, fork as below.
1.\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Begin
2..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":End
3..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Fork
4..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Join
5..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Initial Begin
It is illegal to have both a label before a begin or fork and a block name after the begin or fork. A
label cannot appear before the end, join, join_any or join_none, as these keywords do not form a
statement.
2.Verilog Provides in-built primitives for basic gate and switch level modeling. Any circuit can
be modeled by using continuous assignment of gate and switch level primitives.
and (strong1, weak0)#(1,2) gate1(out, in1, in2);
This is an and gate with output \'out\' and two inputs in1 and in2. Strong1 and weak0 are
optional driving strengths and gate1 is optional instance name that can be used while debugging.
First parameter in the bracket is output and you can have any number of inputs after that. This is
how you use a 3 input and gate without instance name, delay and driving strengths:
3.verilog has built in primitives like gates,transmission gates,and switches.if we need complex
primitives then verilog provides UDP or simply user defined primitives using UDP we can
model:
1.Combinational Logic
2.Sequential Logic
Verilog has 2 primitives
1.User Defined primitives
2.HDL gate primitive
4.
UDP definitions are independent of modules; they are at the same level as module definitions in
the syntax hierarchy. They can appear anywhere in the source text, either before or after they are
used inside a module. They may not appear between the keywords module and endmodule.
User-Defined Primitives(UDP) :
5. Yes it is True
One of the advanced concepts in verilog
non synthesizable
single output many iput
consume very less memory
I/Os must be scalar (i.e. bit)
1) UDPs can take only scalar input terminals (1 bit). Multiple input terminals are permitted.
2) UDPs can have only one scalar output terminal (1 bit). The output terminal must
always appear first in the terminal list. Multiple output terminals are not allowed.
3) In the declarations section, the output terminal is declared with the keyword output. Since
sequential UDPs store state, the output terminal must also be declared as a reg.
4) The inputs are declared with the keyword input.
5) The state in a sequential UDP can be initialized with an ‘initial’ statement. This statement is
optional. A 1-bit value is assigned to the output, which is declared as reg.
6) The state table entries can contain values 0,1,or x . UDPs do not handle z values. Z values
passed to a UDP are treated x values.
7)UDPs are defined at the same level as modules. UDPs can not be defined inside modules.
They can be instantiated only inside modules. UDPs are instantiated exactly like
gate primitives.
8)UDPs do not support inout ports.
6
The module is the basic unit of hier.
Verilog
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starting with Design methodologies for any digital circuit then difference between s/w (C/C++) and H/w (Verilog) and the most important constructs that let us start hardware design using Verilog HDL.
Prepare a Verilog HDL code for the following register Positive Edge.pdf
Prepare a Verilog HDL code for the following register: Positive Edge triggered gated latch D
Flip Flop. Bring a soft copy of your Verilog HDL code with you to the lab.
Solution
Verilog tools
Text editor:
nedit is a graphical text editor that has syntax highlighting for Verilog.
nedit &
gedit &
vi - Text based editor
vi &
Verilog simulator:
verlogXL Event-based simulation - interpreted Verilog
verilog myfile1.v myfile2.v myfile3.v ... &
Other Verilog simulators you can use in the computers in ECSS 2.103 & 2.104 (Open Access
Lab) :
· Xilinx ISE
· ModelSim
For tutorials please google.
Waveform viewer:
WaveView
CosmosScope
1. Introduction to Verilog
These are just a few basic ideas of how verilog works. I would recommend you read “Verilog
HDL A Guide Digital Design and Synthesis,” Palnitkar, Samir, SunSoft Press, A Prentice Hall
Title, 1996.
Verilog syntax and Structure
In addition, A quick tutorial on Verilog and reference card are up.
Verilog HDL - I : Combinational Logic
Verilog HDL - II : Sequential Logic
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Verilog Learning website
2. Synthesizable Verilog code
In VLSI design we are mostly concerned with synthesizable verilog. For synthesizing your finite
state machine using a tool such as Synopsys Design Compiler certain rules have to be followed.
(please read those rules carefully; if these rules are not followed it will cause big problems when
using Synopsys).
Verilog Restrictions for Synthesis
¨ Not all HDL constructs are synthesizable.
¨ Simulatable designs are not necessarily synthesizable.
¨ Synthesizable constructs are tool dependent
¨ Use only few HDL commands
case
if else
concurrent and sequential statements
¨ Keep the intended circuit architecture in mind during design description.
¨ Using C-like programming style increases the silicon area dramatically.
¨ Type conversions and test stimuli definitions cannot be synthesized.
¨ Make extensive use of comments.
¨ Use headers for all modules, functions
¨ Explain the operating modes of the modules
¨ Explain all input and output signals
¨ Compiler directives reside within comments
¨ Smallest HDL code does not imply smallest silicon.
¨ Describe the architecture clearly.
¨ Cover all possible states within a if-else or case statement.
¨ Do not use nested loops for circuit description
¨ Do not define functions when instantiating parts within one entity.
Here is an excellent link to a site which gives information about Verilog for synthesis:
Synthesis flow
Synthesizable Verilog Example with Test Bench
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NOTE: The library used in VLSI class only contains flip-flop. In order to only use flip-flop in
the design, please only use \"posedge clock\" in the always block. Put other signals in the block,
will cause the synthesizer pick LATCH or other sequential circuits for your design.
Example:
always @ (posedge clock)
begin
...
end
3. Behavior Verilog simulation
You can simulate your file from the VLSI sever or Sun machine at the lab after set up your.
Kroening et al, v2c a verilog to c translator
This is best book to learn verilog coding for electronics students.
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Sodium E) Carbon organic molecules display a great deal of complexity and variations this is
due to A) The complex interaction carbon creates with water B) The large number of rare
elements that form functional groups in organic molecules. C) The fact that only living
organisms can form these atypical bonds in carbon E) versatility in the types chemical bonds and
chemical partners that carbon atoms can make, Their y large sizes 3, organisms of same species
onen have limited difference while member of different A) The use of species have many
differences, these differences are do to? B) completely different elements for composing
molecules from organism to organism. C) Differences in the types and relative amounts of
organic molecules synthesized by each organism. The use of different types of bonds within
carbon molecules between each organism. D) The relative sizes of organic between organisms,
the more complex the organism th large organic molecules become. E) The use of different
inorganic compounds with in each organism. 4. In order for carbon to have completely filled
orbital shells stabilizing the shells how many pairs of electron bonds carbon does carbon form in
order to complete its valence shell? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 You are study a seeding-eating bird
and are following the carbon atoms in the birds organic molecules which of these statements best
describes the carbon atoms present in the bird? A) Ultimately these carbon atoms came from
carbon dioxide incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis B The inorganic carbon atoms
from the soil the bird was eating with the seeds C) The carbon atoms in CO2 the birds was
breathing. D) Inorganic carbon atoms in the seeds were incorporated into organic molecules by
the bird. E) The carbon atoms ultimately came from simple organic compounds that formed
abiotically from inorganic carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.
Solution
According to rules of chegg, we need to provide you with a brief explanation.So, kindly
cooperate.
Organic molecules are bio-molecules. They are produced in living organisms.It is made up of
carbon,oxygen,hydrogen and nitrogen.The molecule may be a lipid,protein,carbohydrate or
nucleic acid.
1) Carbon is seen in all organic molecules.(E)
2) The verstility in the types of chemical bonds and chemical partners carbon can make.(D)
3) differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each
organism(B)
4) It forms 4 electron bonds.(D)
5) Ultimately these carbon atoms came from carbondioxide incorporated into sugars through
photosynthesis.(A).
Given an ArrayList, write a Java method that returns a new ArrayList.pdf
Given an ArrayList, write a Java method that returns a new ArrayList which
contains only the non-duplicate elements from the original list.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Exercise1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
list.add(14);
list.add(24);
list.add(14);
list.add(42);
list.add(25);
ArrayList newList = removeDuplicates(list);
System.out.print(newList);
}
public static ArrayList removeDuplicates(ArrayList list) {
// Your code here!
}
Solution
HI, Please find my implementation.
Please let me know in case of any issue.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Exercise1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
list.add(14);
list.add(24);
list.add(14);
list.add(42);
list.add(25);
ArrayList newList = removeDuplicates(list);
System.out.print(newList);
}
public static ArrayList removeDuplicates(ArrayList list) {
ArrayList noDupList = new ArrayList<>();
// iterating over list
for(E e : list){
if(! noDupList.contains(e)) // if \'e\' is not in noDupList then add it
noDupList.add(e);
}
return noDupList;
}
}
/*
Sample run:
[14, 24, 42, 25]
*/.
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"float"; that is, it can placed anywhere with respect to the significant digits of the number. Double
precision floating point, also known as double, is a commonly used format on PCs due to its wider range
over single precision in spite of its performance and bandwidth cost. This paper aims at developing the
verilog version of the double precision floating point core designed to meet the IEEE 754 standard .This
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1.
5 Legal Labels in Verilog are:
System Verilog extends it and allows one to add named blocks to reserve word end and join.
Also SystemVerilog allows to add the LABLE or NAMED BLOCK before begin, fork as below.
1.\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Begin
2..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":End
3..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Fork
4..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Join
5..\"MY NAMED_ BLOCK\":Initial Begin
It is illegal to have both a label before a begin or fork and a block name after the begin or fork. A
label cannot appear before the end, join, join_any or join_none, as these keywords do not form a
statement.
2.Verilog Provides in-built primitives for basic gate and switch level modeling. Any circuit can
be modeled by using continuous assignment of gate and switch level primitives.
and (strong1, weak0)#(1,2) gate1(out, in1, in2);
This is an and gate with output \'out\' and two inputs in1 and in2. Strong1 and weak0 are
optional driving strengths and gate1 is optional instance name that can be used while debugging.
First parameter in the bracket is output and you can have any number of inputs after that. This is
how you use a 3 input and gate without instance name, delay and driving strengths:
3.verilog has built in primitives like gates,transmission gates,and switches.if we need complex
primitives then verilog provides UDP or simply user defined primitives using UDP we can
model:
1.Combinational Logic
2.Sequential Logic
Verilog has 2 primitives
1.User Defined primitives
2.HDL gate primitive
4.
UDP definitions are independent of modules; they are at the same level as module definitions in
the syntax hierarchy. They can appear anywhere in the source text, either before or after they are
used inside a module. They may not appear between the keywords module and endmodule.
User-Defined Primitives(UDP) :
5. Yes it is True
One of the advanced concepts in verilog
non synthesizable
single output many iput
consume very less memory
I/Os must be scalar (i.e. bit)
1) UDPs can take only scalar input terminals (1 bit). Multiple input terminals are permitted.
2) UDPs can have only one scalar output terminal (1 bit). The output terminal must
always appear first in the terminal list. Multiple output terminals are not allowed.
3) In the declarations section, the output terminal is declared with the keyword output. Since
sequential UDPs store state, the output terminal must also be declared as a reg.
4) The inputs are declared with the keyword input.
5) The state in a sequential UDP can be initialized with an ‘initial’ statement. This statement is
optional. A 1-bit value is assigned to the output, which is declared as reg.
6) The state table entries can contain values 0,1,or x . UDPs do not handle z values. Z values
passed to a UDP are treated x values.
7)UDPs are defined at the same level as modules. UDPs can not be defined inside modules.
They can be instantiated only inside modules. UDPs are instantiated exactly like
gate primitives.
8)UDPs do not support inout ports.
6
The module is the basic unit of hier.
Verilog
Those slides describe digital design using Verilog HDL,
starting with Design methodologies for any digital circuit then difference between s/w (C/C++) and H/w (Verilog) and the most important constructs that let us start hardware design using Verilog HDL.
Prepare a Verilog HDL code for the following register Positive Edge.pdf
Prepare a Verilog HDL code for the following register: Positive Edge triggered gated latch D
Flip Flop. Bring a soft copy of your Verilog HDL code with you to the lab.
Solution
Verilog tools
Text editor:
nedit is a graphical text editor that has syntax highlighting for Verilog.
nedit &
gedit &
vi - Text based editor
vi &
Verilog simulator:
verlogXL Event-based simulation - interpreted Verilog
verilog myfile1.v myfile2.v myfile3.v ... &
Other Verilog simulators you can use in the computers in ECSS 2.103 & 2.104 (Open Access
Lab) :
· Xilinx ISE
· ModelSim
For tutorials please google.
Waveform viewer:
WaveView
CosmosScope
1. Introduction to Verilog
These are just a few basic ideas of how verilog works. I would recommend you read “Verilog
HDL A Guide Digital Design and Synthesis,” Palnitkar, Samir, SunSoft Press, A Prentice Hall
Title, 1996.
Verilog syntax and Structure
In addition, A quick tutorial on Verilog and reference card are up.
Verilog HDL - I : Combinational Logic
Verilog HDL - II : Sequential Logic
Verilog HDL quick reference card
Verilog Learning website
2. Synthesizable Verilog code
In VLSI design we are mostly concerned with synthesizable verilog. For synthesizing your finite
state machine using a tool such as Synopsys Design Compiler certain rules have to be followed.
(please read those rules carefully; if these rules are not followed it will cause big problems when
using Synopsys).
Verilog Restrictions for Synthesis
¨ Not all HDL constructs are synthesizable.
¨ Simulatable designs are not necessarily synthesizable.
¨ Synthesizable constructs are tool dependent
¨ Use only few HDL commands
case
if else
concurrent and sequential statements
¨ Keep the intended circuit architecture in mind during design description.
¨ Using C-like programming style increases the silicon area dramatically.
¨ Type conversions and test stimuli definitions cannot be synthesized.
¨ Make extensive use of comments.
¨ Use headers for all modules, functions
¨ Explain the operating modes of the modules
¨ Explain all input and output signals
¨ Compiler directives reside within comments
¨ Smallest HDL code does not imply smallest silicon.
¨ Describe the architecture clearly.
¨ Cover all possible states within a if-else or case statement.
¨ Do not use nested loops for circuit description
¨ Do not define functions when instantiating parts within one entity.
Here is an excellent link to a site which gives information about Verilog for synthesis:
Synthesis flow
Synthesizable Verilog Example with Test Bench
Traffic Light Example
NOTE: The library used in VLSI class only contains flip-flop. In order to only use flip-flop in
the design, please only use \"posedge clock\" in the always block. Put other signals in the block,
will cause the synthesizer pick LATCH or other sequential circuits for your design.
Example:
always @ (posedge clock)
begin
...
end
3. Behavior Verilog simulation
You can simulate your file from the VLSI sever or Sun machine at the lab after set up your.
Kroening et al, v2c a verilog to c translator
This is best book to learn verilog coding for electronics students.
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A) Which of the following element is seen in all organic molecules Si.pdf
A) Which of the following element is seen in all organic molecules Silicon. B) C) Nitrogen. D)
Sodium E) Carbon organic molecules display a great deal of complexity and variations this is
due to A) The complex interaction carbon creates with water B) The large number of rare
elements that form functional groups in organic molecules. C) The fact that only living
organisms can form these atypical bonds in carbon E) versatility in the types chemical bonds and
chemical partners that carbon atoms can make, Their y large sizes 3, organisms of same species
onen have limited difference while member of different A) The use of species have many
differences, these differences are do to? B) completely different elements for composing
molecules from organism to organism. C) Differences in the types and relative amounts of
organic molecules synthesized by each organism. The use of different types of bonds within
carbon molecules between each organism. D) The relative sizes of organic between organisms,
the more complex the organism th large organic molecules become. E) The use of different
inorganic compounds with in each organism. 4. In order for carbon to have completely filled
orbital shells stabilizing the shells how many pairs of electron bonds carbon does carbon form in
order to complete its valence shell? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 You are study a seeding-eating bird
and are following the carbon atoms in the birds organic molecules which of these statements best
describes the carbon atoms present in the bird? A) Ultimately these carbon atoms came from
carbon dioxide incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis B The inorganic carbon atoms
from the soil the bird was eating with the seeds C) The carbon atoms in CO2 the birds was
breathing. D) Inorganic carbon atoms in the seeds were incorporated into organic molecules by
the bird. E) The carbon atoms ultimately came from simple organic compounds that formed
abiotically from inorganic carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.
Solution
According to rules of chegg, we need to provide you with a brief explanation.So, kindly
cooperate.
Organic molecules are bio-molecules. They are produced in living organisms.It is made up of
carbon,oxygen,hydrogen and nitrogen.The molecule may be a lipid,protein,carbohydrate or
nucleic acid.
1) Carbon is seen in all organic molecules.(E)
2) The verstility in the types of chemical bonds and chemical partners carbon can make.(D)
3) differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each
organism(B)
4) It forms 4 electron bonds.(D)
5) Ultimately these carbon atoms came from carbondioxide incorporated into sugars through
photosynthesis.(A).
Given an ArrayList, write a Java method that returns a new ArrayList.pdf
Given an ArrayList, write a Java method that returns a new ArrayList which
contains only the non-duplicate elements from the original list.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Exercise1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
list.add(14);
list.add(24);
list.add(14);
list.add(42);
list.add(25);
ArrayList newList = removeDuplicates(list);
System.out.print(newList);
}
public static ArrayList removeDuplicates(ArrayList list) {
// Your code here!
}
Solution
HI, Please find my implementation.
Please let me know in case of any issue.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Exercise1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
list.add(14);
list.add(24);
list.add(14);
list.add(42);
list.add(25);
ArrayList newList = removeDuplicates(list);
System.out.print(newList);
}
public static ArrayList removeDuplicates(ArrayList list) {
ArrayList noDupList = new ArrayList<>();
// iterating over list
for(E e : list){
if(! noDupList.contains(e)) // if \'e\' is not in noDupList then add it
noDupList.add(e);
}
return noDupList;
}
}
/*
Sample run:
[14, 24, 42, 25]
*/.
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Write an MSP430g2553 C program to drive a continually scrolling message with the following
text: Esteban Montanez Use two seven segment LED segment devices to show the text (two
characters at a time) at a reasonable reading rate.
Solution
//to blink the red LED (LED1) on the TI Launchpad
//which is attached to P1.0
//The green LED(LED2) is connected to P1.6
#include
int main(void) {
volatile int i;
// stop watchdog timer
WDTCTL = WDTPW | WDTHOLD;
// set up bit 0 of P1 as output
P1DIR = 0x01;
// intialize bit 0 of P1 to 0
P1OUT = 0x00;
// loop forever
for (;;) {
// toggle bit 0 of P1
P1OUT ^= 0x01;
// delay for a while
for (i = 0; i < 0x6000; i++);
}
}.
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Which of the following is NOT a financial measurement needed to see if you are making money?
A. Net Profit
B. Throughput
C. Return on Investment
D. Cash Flow
Solution
Answer:b.throughput
Explanation:
Throughout is not a financial measurement ,it is used to measure at which organisation reaches
the given goal in a specified period of time.
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Which process uses chemiosmosis? A. Pyruvate oxidation B. Electron transport chain C.
Citric Acid cycle D. Glycolysis E. Fermentation
Solution
Chemiosmosis is the process in which the movement of ions takes place across the
semipermeable membrane down their Electrochemical gradient.There would be generation of
ATP ( Adenosine triphosphate by the movement of ions Across the membrae.).
Hydrogen ions or protons will diffuse from a region of high proton concentration to a region of
lower concetration region and a electrochemical cocentration gradient across the membrane can
be used to make ATP. This process is related to Osmosis , the diffusion of water across the
membrane which is why it is called Chemiosmosis.
The process which uses chemiosmosis can be listed as follows. They are
1. Glycolysis
2.Citric acid cycle.
3.Electron transport chain.
4. pyruvate oxidation..
What motives do corporate executives have that force them to embrace.pdf
What motives do corporate executives have that force them to embrace continuous growth of the
organization, specifically related to revenue via census or cost containment? What would the
results be if they did not focus so much on aggressive growth but allowed the business to inflate
or deflate naturally?
Solution
Q1) Below are the motives that corporate executives possess to embrace continuous growth of
the organization -
1. To expand the footprint of the organization through internal growth strategies which include
netering new markets, creating new products etc. and external growth strategies which include
strategic alliances, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions etc.
2. To attract shareholders and investors to invest in the firm to increase the market value of the
firm
3. To contain costs that result in increase of overall profits of the firm and stay competitive in
market place
4. To satisfy all the stakeholders which include employees, customers, public, board of directors
etc, apart from investors.
Q2) If the focus is not on aggressive growth but just to go with the flow i.e. to inflate and deflate
naturally, the firm\'s revenues remain the same and the business can be considered solely for a
constant income tha would be required to run the business rather than any expansion plans which
might be a risk for the core business..
when are business cases or project charters overkillSolutionP.pdf
when are business cases or project charters overkill?
Solution
Project charters are overkill when:
1. Scope Creep- If the project scope changes when the project has covered certain milestones.
2. Resource allocation- If the resources are not aligned as per their competency. Resource
allocation is not proper or adequate. Inadequately trained employee is a burden.
3. Timeline- If the timeline is not proper or not adhered to as per the given schedule.
4. Critical path not followed: If the critical path is not adhered to and resource is allocated to
non-critical activities..
True or False The Congressional Budget Office projects that approxi.pdf
True or False? The Congressional Budget Office projects that approximately 33.8% of the 2017
federal government tax receipts will come from social insurance taxes (Social Security,
Medicare, FUTA, etc.).
13. True or False? Self-employed individuals are exempt from social insurance taxes (Social
Security, Medicare, FUTA, etc.).
14. True or False? Once an individual reaches a certain level of year-to-date income, he/she can
stop paying Social Security tax.
15. True or False? Under the Fair Labor Standards act, nonexempt employees are entitled to
overtime pay for work in excess of 40 hours per week.
Solution
12.False,the social insurance tax was 24% of Congressional Budget of 2017 Fedral Government
Tax.
13.False,self employed individuals have to pay social insurance taxes(social
security,medicare,FUTA,etc)
14.True, once a person reaches a certain level of income he no need to pay that mandatory
contribution towards social security taxes
15.True, non exempt employees are entitled to overtime if they had work in excess of 40 hours
of work per week as per Fair Labor Sandard Act.
Using the space provided compose an ESSAY concerning the following qu.pdf
Using the space provided compose an ESSAY concerning the following question or statement.
The Hardy-Weinberg equations define the occurrence of evolution. Is the evolutionary event
macroevolution or microevolution? What conditions must exist for Hardy-Weinberg to be
functional, and why is each condition important?
Solution
Answer:
1. The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to determine the allele frequency in a population.
Thus, it provides a useful tool to describe the degree of microevolution that is taking place over
successive generations. Not all populations are undergoing microevolution at all times. In certain
stable environments, many populations show no evidence for microevolution. (Although if the
conditions change, then microevolution often commences.)
The conditions for equilibrium are:
1. No new mutations are occurring. Therefore, no new alleles are being created.
2. There is no migration. In other words, no one is moving into or out of the population.
3. The population is very large.
4. Mating is at random in the population. This means that individuals do not choose mates based
on genotype.
5. There is no natural selection. Thus, all members of the population have an equal chance of
reproducing and passing their genes to the next generation.
Importance of the conditions for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium:
1. Mutation: the gene pool is modified if mutations alter alleles or if entire genes are deleted or
duplicated.
2. Non-random mating: if individuals mate preferentially within a subset of the population, such
as their close relatives, random mixing of gametes does not occur, and genotype frequencies
change.
3. Natural selection: Differences in the survival and reproductive success of individuals carrying
different genotypes can alter allele frequencies.
4. Small population size: the smaller the population, the more likely it is that allele frequencies
will fluctuate by chance from one generation to the next (genetic drift).
5. Gene flow: by moving alleles into or out of populations, gene flow can alter allele frequencies..
We continually hear about interest groups in the news. Understanding.pdf
We continually hear about interest groups in the news. Understanding this, what is the
relationship between interest groups and government? How does this apply to government-
created interest groups? In addition, what are the effects of bureaucrats as interest groups? Do
you believe this crossover between bureaucrats and interest groups to be right? Please be sure to
provide specific examples in your response.
No copy and paste or screenshot pictures also please cite your sources and provide a reference.
The answer must be 2 paragraphs please write out answer no copy and Paste or screenshot
pictures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Solution
Interest groups are policy maximisers who are generally a group of people who try to influence
the public policy with common interest or goal. These interest groups pressures elected parties to
enact legislation favourable to its causes with common interest.
Government generally does not create interest groups. The interst groups which are having
interst on government activities are called special interst interest groups. These groups have their
common interest of people and gives pressure on govenment to act favouable on peoples cause.
They try to get attention from govenment and the officials to act on the interest and needs of the
people with favorable causes.
Interest groups are also known as lobby groups who have great role in policy making of political
system and developments. Interest groups are directly influence the govenment bureaucrats in
policy making. Well financed interest groups have high influence for the political campaigns of
the various officials.
Interest groups are also influence the bureaucrats political campaign with narrow effect and
cause for the general public. Well supported interest groups financial and support of various
causes with bureaucrats also aims to get favorable legislative actions on general public needs and
interest..
View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 6 9 The company receive.pdf
View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 6 9 The company received $1,416 cash as fees for
services provided to a customer Note: Enter debits before credits Debit Credit Record entry Clear
entry View general journal of 1 E Next
Solution
The journal entry for transaction d would be
Cash ......... $1,416 (Debit)
Service Revenue ......... .... $1,416 (Credit)
(to record cash received for service rendered.
Physical security is a fundamental component of any secure infrastru.pdf
Physical security is a fundamental component of any secure infrastructure but it is the form of
network security that is most frequently overlooked. Why would that be the case? Are there
existing technologies that obviate the need for physical security?
Solution
Physical security is the protection of personnel, hardware, software, networks and data from
physical actions and events that could cause serious loss or damage to an enterprise, agency or
institution. This includes protection from fire, flood, natural disasters, burglary, theft, vandalism
and terrorism.
Physical security is often overlooked -- and its importance underestimated -- in favour of more
technical threats such as hacking, malware, and cyber espionage. However, breaches of physical
security can be carried out with brute force and little or no technical knowledge on the part of an
attacker.
Physical security has three important components: access control, surveillance and testing.
Obstacles should be placed in the way of potential attackers and physical sites should be
hardened against accidents, attacks or environmental disasters. Such hardening measures include
fencing, locks, access control cards, biometric access control systems and fire suppression
systems. Second, physical locations should be monitored using surveillance cameras and
notification systems, such as intrusion detection sensors, heat sensors and smoke detectors.
Third, disaster recovery policies and procedures should be tested on a regular basis to ensure
safety and to reduce the time it takes to recover from disruptive man-made or natural disasters.
The internet of things (IoT) is widening the sphere of physical security as smart devices
connected to business systems via the internet may be located outside of established secure
perimeters. Isolating these smart devices can\'t be achieved in the same way as those within an
organization\'s physical borders, so device location will play a key role in keeping equipment
safe, secure and fully functional in the outside world. Appropriate safeguards such as tamper-
resistant ID tags are often enough to deter the opportunist thief and can increase the chances of
an item being returned. Motion sensors, tracking signals and tamper-proof locks can provide
additional security for higher value or mission-critical devices..
This is a homework assignment that I have for my Java coding class. .pdf
This is a homework assignment that I have for my Java coding class. I have completed most of
the assignment, but I am having some issue. Could you find my problem and then take my code
and add the corrections to it and then display the complete code that works? I REPEAT CAN
YOU LOCATE WHY MY CODE ISN\'T WORKING AND THEN USE MY CODE AND ADD
THE CHANGES. I REPEAT CAN YOU LOCATE WHY MY CODE ISN\'T WORKING AND
THEN USE MY CODE AND ADD THE CHANGES!
I have asked this question 3 times and no one has done what I have requested. I don\'t want a
different solution to my problem. It doesn\'t take a lot of work to search chegg and then copy and
paste an answer from another question. I REPEAT CAN YOU LOCATE WHY MY CODE
ISN\'T WORKING AND THEN USE MY CODE AND ADD THE CHANGES!
Objective:
Write a game where you are an X trying to get an ice cream cone in a mine field
Before the game starts, a field of mines are created.
The board has to be first initialized
There mines occupy a tenth of the board (IE (BoardSize x BoardSize)/10 = the number of mines)
The mines are randomly placed on the board. If a space which is already occupied (either by the
player, the ice cream cone, or another mine) is selected then another space must be selected until
an empty space is found.
The player is placed at 0,0
The ice cream cone is placed at a random location on the board
At each turn, the player chooses to move in the X or Y direction by entering either -1, 0, or 1,
where
-1 is going one space in the negative direction
1 is going one space in the positive direction (remember positive for Y is down)
0 is staying still
9 quits the game
Anything other than these values should prompt the player that they have inputted an invalid
value and then not move in that direction (IE 0).
Before each turn the board is displayed indicating where the player (X) and the goal (^) are
located. Unoccupied spaces and mines are denoted by and underscore (_). Remember mines need
to be hidden so they are also underscores (_). The board is maximum 10 spaces long and wide.
Once the player reaches the ice cream cone the player wins
If the player lands on a space with a mine they are killed and the game is over
After the game is over, the player should be prompted whether or not they want to play again.
Example Dialog:
Welcome to Mine Walker. Get the ice cream cone and avoid the mines
X_________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
_________^
Enter either a -1, 0, or 1 in the X or 9 to quit
1
Enter either a -1,0, or 1 in the Y
1
__________
_X________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
_________^
Enter either a -1, 0, or 1 in the X or 9 to quit
0
Enter either a -1,0, or 1 in the Y
1
__________
__________
_X________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
_________^
Enter either a -1, 0, or 1 in the X or 9 to quit
-1
Enter either a -1,0, or 1 in the Y
1
Boom! Dead!
Would you like to play .
The Jannuschs operated Festival Foods, a busi- ness that served conc.pdf
The Jannuschs operated Festival Foods, a busi- ness that served concessions at festivals and
events throughout Illinois and Indiana from late April to late October each year. The assets of the
business included a truck and servicing trailer and equipment such as refrigerators and freezers,
roasters, chairs and tables, fountain service, and signs and lighting
equipment. Naffziger and her mother were interested in purchasing the business. They met
several times with the Jannuschs and observed the business in op- eration. According to Mr.
Jannusch, the parties had entered into an oral agreement on August 13, 2005, to sell Festival
Foods to the Naffzigers for $150,000. For the $150,000, the Naffzigers would receive the truck
and trailer, all necessary equipment, and the op- portunity to work at event locations secured by
the Jannuschs. The Naffzigers paid $10,000 immediately, with the balance to be paid when they
received their loan money from the bank. The Naffzigers took pos- session of Festival Foods the
next day and operated Festival Foods for the remainder of the 2005 season. The insurance and
titles to the truck and trailer re- mained in Mr. Jannusch’s name because he had not yet received
the purchase price from the Naffzigers. Naffziger acknowledged that an oral agreement to
purchase Festival Foods for $150,000 existed but stated that she could not recall specifically
making an oral agreement on any particular date. The parties agreed that the Naffzigers would
run Festival Foods as they pursued buying the business. The Naffzigers took possession of
Festival Foods, receiving the in- come from the business, purchasing inventory, re- placing
equipment, paying taxes on the business, and paying employees. The income from Festival
Foods was lower than the Naffzigers expected, and two days after the business season ended,
they returned Festival Foods to the storage facility where Mr. Jannusch had stored it in the past.
The Jannuschs brought an action for breach of an oral contract against the Naffzigers. The
Naffzigers claimed that the deal was not suffi- ciently definite to be enforceable. Are they
correct?
Solution
In this case the Jannuschs and the Naffzigers entered into an oral agreement, whereby the festival
food business owned by the Jannuschs will be purchased by the Naffzigers for $150,000. This
oral agreement was reasonable, and made in good faith by both the parties. The verbal agreement
involved an offer (by the Naffzigers) and an acceptance (by the Jannuschs). There was mutual
consideration present in the case as well - the Naffzigers had paid a downpayment of $10,000,
took possession of the Festival Foods and operated it for what was left for the 2005 season.
So, the Naffzigers are not correct when they say that the deal was not sufficiently definite to be
enforceable. This agreement is enforceable..
The first thermodynamic law for a system of charged molecules in elec.pdf
The first thermodynamic law for a system of charged molecules in electric field reads dU = TdS
- pdV + mu dn + psi dq where q is the charge of the molecules. Hence U = U(S, V, n, q). Find
an alternative thermodynamic function F that has natural variables T, V, n, and psi, F = F(T, V,
n, psi).
Solution
Helmholtz function can be defined as
F = U-TS
OR
dF = dU-TdS-SdT
= TdS-pdV+dn+dq-TdS-SdT.
show all of your work to arrive a final result Simple Interest Simpl.pdf
show all of your work to arrive a final result Simple Interest Simple Interest, I = P *n * 1 I-
Simple Interest P Principal (amount borrowed or lent) Final Amount, F P-P Pni n-number of
interest periods i- simple interest rate Compound Interest Factors 1interest rate n = number of
interest (compounding) periods P- present sum (initial principal amount) (F/P): Algebraic
Notation: FP(1 i)\" A- an equal periodic amount (uniform series) F-a future sum (P/F): Algebraic
Notation: P F(1 i) (A/F): Algebraic Notation: A F (AP): Algebraic Notation : A- (A/G):
Algebraic Notation: G (P/G): Algebraic Notation: G2 Factor Notation: F - P(F/P i, n Factor
Notation: P -F(P/F i,n A A(F/A i, n (F/A): Algebraic Notation: F Factor Notation: F Factor
Notation: A-F(A/F i,n (P/A): Algebraic Notation: P A (P/A): Algebraic Notation: PAR Factor
Notation: PA(P/A i,n Factor Notation: A -P(A/P i,n (NG): Factor Notation : A A1 ± G(A/G í, n)
A1 Constant amount G-Gradient amount (P/G): Factor Notation: A1(P/A i,n)t G(P/G i, n)
Interest Rate Conversion: 7 Effective Interest Rate, i - Effective Annual Interest rate, ( 1 +
Nominal Interest Rate, rc(1 + i)c) - 1 Continuous Interest Factors: Pe\" PF/P i, n] (F/P):
Algebraic Notation: F (P/F): Algebraic Notation: P- F (A/F): Algebraic Notation: A F (A/P):
Algebraic Notation: A P Factor Notation: F Factor Notation: PFP/F i,n (F/A): Algebraic
Notation: FAT (em-1) Factor Notation: F -A|F/A i,n Factor Notation: A- F[A/Fi,n (1 71 (P/A):
Algebraic Notation: P-A Factor Notation: P A[P/A i, n Factor Notation: A = P [A/P i, n
Solution
In both the cases, the amount deposited in the bank (P) = $5000 and the time is 6 years.
a) When the interest is compounded quarterly, the formula of the Amount (A) is:
A = P{1+ (r/n)}nt where r is the interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded
per year and t is the time in years.
Here t=6 years, n= 4 and r = 12% p.a or 12/100 = 0.12.
Therefore, A = 5000 (1+(0.12/4)4*6
A = $10,163.97
Thus the interest received when interest is compounded quarterly is $10163.97-$5000 =
$5163.97
b) When the interest is compounded continuously, the formula of the Amount (A) is:
A = P*ert where r is the interest rate and t is the time in years.
For this example r = 10% or 10/100 = 0.10.
Therefore, A = 5000*e(0.10*6)
Or A = $9110.59
Therefore the interest received when interest is compounded continuously is $9110.59 - $5000 =
$4110.59.
Terms from which students can chooseMacrophages; •Only one.pdf
Terms from which students can choose
Macrophages; •Only one type; •Farmer’s lung; •Granulomas; •increased; •Late; •Early;
•Decreased; •Caseations; •Inorganic; •Silicosis; •All types; •Organic;
Fill-in-the-Blanks:
Signs and symptoms of pneumoconiosis typically appear _____________ in the disease.
Pneumoconiosis are caused by inhaled ____________ particles.
The immune system is involved in _________________ of fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
Sarcoidosis involves multiple ______________ in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
Enzymes secreted by alveolar ________________ damage alveoli and trigger fibrosis in
pneumoconiosis.
Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases are characterized by _____________ residual volume.
______________ is a pneumoconiosis.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhaled ________________ particles.
_________________ is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Terms from which students can choose
Macrophages; •Only one type; •Farmer’s lung; •Granulomas; •increased; •Late; •Early;
•Decreased; •Caseations; •Inorganic; •Silicosis; •All types; •Organic;
Fill-in-the-Blanks:
Signs and symptoms of pneumoconiosis typically appear _____________ in the disease.
Pneumoconiosis are caused by inhaled ____________ particles.
The immune system is involved in _________________ of fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
Sarcoidosis involves multiple ______________ in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
Enzymes secreted by alveolar ________________ damage alveoli and trigger fibrosis in
pneumoconiosis.
Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases are characterized by _____________ residual volume.
______________ is a pneumoconiosis.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhaled ________________ particles.
_________________ is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Terms from which students can choose
Macrophages; •Only one type; •Farmer’s lung; •Granulomas; •increased; •Late; •Early;
•Decreased; •Caseations; •Inorganic; •Silicosis; •All types; •Organic;
Fill-in-the-Blanks:
Signs and symptoms of pneumoconiosis typically appear _____________ in the disease.
Pneumoconiosis are caused by inhaled ____________ particles.
The immune system is involved in _________________ of fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
Sarcoidosis involves multiple ______________ in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
Enzymes secreted by alveolar ________________ damage alveoli and trigger fibrosis in
pneumoconiosis.
Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases are characterized by _____________ residual volume.
______________ is a pneumoconiosis.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by inhaled ________________ particles.
_________________ is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Solution
Answers
1.late
2. Inorganic
3. Macrophages
4. granulomas
5. Decreased
6. increased
7. Silicosis
8. Organic
9. Farmer\'s lung.
Simulate the Stakeholder deliverable for the development of an onlin.pdf
Simulate the Stakeholder deliverable for the development of an online banking website by
identifying the possible stakeholders and their desires and give objectives, possible conflicts, and
rank importance of certain aspects (cost, functionality, etc.) to each stakeholder.
Solution
possibile conflicts :.
I want to write this program in java.Write a simple airline ticket.pdf
I want to write this program in java.
Write a simple airline ticket reservation program in java.The program should display a menu
with the following options: reserve a ticket, cancel a reservation, check whether a ticket is
reserved for a particular person, and display the passengers. The information is maintained on an
alphabetized linked list of names. In a simpler version of the program, assume that tickets are
reserved for only one flight. In a fuller version, place no limit on the number of flights. Create a
linked list of flights with each node including a pointer to a linked list of passengers.
Solution
package elastic5.elastic5;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import elastic5.elastic5.ttt.Console;
public class AirlineRes extends JFrame {
static final int MAX_SEATS = 8;
String[] seats = new String[MAX_SEATS];
public AirlineRes() {
initUI();
}
private void initUI() {
createMenuBar();
setTitle(\"airline ticket reservation\");
setSize(300, 200);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
private void createMenuBar() {
JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(\"exit.png\");
JMenu file = new JMenu(\"File\");
file.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_F);
JMenuItem eMenuItem = new JMenuItem(\"Exit\", icon);
eMenuItem.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_E);
eMenuItem.setToolTipText(\"Exit application\");
eMenuItem.addActionListener((ActionEvent event) -> {
System.exit(0);
});
file.add(eMenuItem);
//reserve a ticket, cancel a reservation, check whether a ticket is reserved for a particular person,
and display the passengers
JMenuItem eMenuItem1 = new JMenuItem(\"Reserve Ticket\", icon);
eMenuItem1.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_E);
eMenuItem1.setToolTipText(\"Book Ticket\");
eMenuItem1.addActionListener((ActionEvent event) -> {
String[] seats = new String[MAX_SEATS]; // the passenger list
initializeSeats(seats);
makeReservation(seats);
System.out.println(\"book ticket\");
});
file.add(eMenuItem1);
JMenuItem eMenuItem2 = new JMenuItem(\"cancel a reservation\", icon);
eMenuItem2.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_E);
eMenuItem2.setToolTipText(\"cancel a reservation\");
eMenuItem2.addActionListener((ActionEvent event) -> {
try {
String[] seats = new String[MAX_SEATS]; // the passenger list
initializeSeats(seats);
cancelReservation(seats);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(\"cancel a reservation\");
});
file.add(eMenuItem2);
JMenuItem eMenuItem3 = new JMenuItem(\"check whether a ticket is reserved for a particular
person\", icon);
eMenuItem3.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_E);
eMenuItem3.setToolTipText(\"check whether a ticket is reserved for a particular person\");
eMenuItem3.addActionListener((ActionEvent event) -> {
System.out.println(\"check wheth.
Research how voting is conducted for the following event. Descri.pdf
Research how voting is conducted for the following event. Describe the method. Identify the
potential flaws of each voting method.
a) The Nobel Prizes
Research how voting is conducted for the following event. Describe the method. Identify the
potential flaws of each voting method.
a) The Nobel Prizes
Research how voting is conducted for the following event. Describe the method. Identify the
potential flaws of each voting method.
a) The Nobel Prizes
Solution
The Nobel Peace Prize winner is chosen by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, which is made up
of five members appointed by the Norwegian parliament. These members are supposed to be
fiercely indpendent. For example, since 1936, government officials have been prohibited from
sitting on the committee to avoid any hints that the Committee may be influenced by the current
political climate in Norway.
The goal of the Nobel Peace Prize is to reward people who have made major steps toward
bringing peace to the world in the year before the nomination.
Oftentimes, the winners are people who have not completed their work toward peace, but who
are at a critical juncture in their work and who need the support that winning the Nobel Peace
Prize brings.
To pick the winners, the Norwegian Nobel Committee considers all nominees, then selects a
\"short list\" of five to 20 people for further review. Those candidates are then considered for the
prize. The Committee\'s permanent advisors and other experts gather information about the
short-listed candidates into reports which help the committee with their deliberations .
The Committee attempts to reach a unanimous vote through discussions and debates.
If a unanimous decision can\'t be reached by the deadline at the beginning of October, a majority
vote will suffice to name the Nobel Peace Prize winner..
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Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
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Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
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Child centred education is an educational approach that priorities the interest, needs and abilities of the child in the learning process.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
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What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
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How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
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Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Let us know about Maruti Suzuki, a successful Joint venture in India.
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How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
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The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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TrueFalse Verilog is case-insensitive TF Verilog has constructs.pdf
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