This document discusses various aeolian (wind-related) landforms. It begins by defining aeolian processes and explaining how wind erosion can cause deflation, abrasion, and attrition. Deflation removes loose particles while abrasion wears down rocks. Attrition rounds particles as they collide. Wind then transports material through suspension, saltation, and traction. This leads to the formation of deserts like hamadas (rocky deserts), ergs (sand seas), and regs (stony deserts). Erosional landforms include yardangs, zeugen, inselbergs, and playa lakes. Depositional forms include various types of sand dunes (barchans, transverse, par
This document discusses various aeolian (wind-related) landforms. It begins by defining aeolian processes and explaining how wind erosion can cause deflation, abrasion, and attrition. Deflation removes loose particles while abrasion wears down rocks. Attrition rounds particles as they collide. Wind then transports material through suspension, saltation, and traction. This leads to the formation of deserts like hamadas (rocky deserts), ergs (sand seas), and regs (stony deserts). Erosional landforms include yardangs, zeugen, inselbergs, and playa lakes. Depositional forms include various types of sand dunes (barchans, transverse, par
This document discusses granitic pegmatite deposits. It aims to describe pegmatites in detail, discuss their economic importance in Zimbabwe, describe their size and grade, and identify geological features. Pegmatites are coarse-grained, feldspar-rich rocks that form from volatile-rich fluids during the late stages of granite crystallization. They are a significant source of rare earth elements and metals used in electronics and metallurgy. Pegmatites occur in rocks of all ages but are commonly found in Precambrian greenstone belts associated with granite intrusions and amphibolite-grade metamorphism. Notable pegmatite districts are located within major Archean cratons.
Aeolian process and landform by shivam soni B.Sc student of Department of App...shivamsoni2011
Wind processes produce eolian landforms. One third of the planet's land is arid or semi-arid. Wind action can be divided into erosion, transportation, and deposition. Erosion includes deflation, abrasion, and attrition which produce features like yardangs, ventifacts, and desert pavement. Transportation occurs by saltation, suspension, and surface creep. Deposition forms sand seas and sheets. Sand dunes depend on wind strength and direction, and come in various shapes that can migrate over time.
Karst topography develops under ideal conditions where limestone deposits are thick, well-jointed and fractured, located above the water table, and exposed to rain in a warm climate. Groundwater dissolves the limestone over time, creating sinkholes, caves, swallow holes, and dolines. Caves form below the water table as mineral-rich groundwater dissolves the rock, eventually creating large underground voids. Within caves, stalactites hang down and stalagmites build up from mineral deposition, sometimes joining to form pillars.
Primary sedimentary structures are features formed during deposition of sedimentary rocks that provide information about the depositional environment. Some key primary sedimentary structures mentioned in the document include stratification, cross-bedding, ripples, graded bedding, sole marks, fossils, rip-up clasts, rainprints, desiccation cracks, imbrication, flute casts, soft-sediment deformation structures like slump folds, flame structures and clastic dikes. These structures can be used to determine paleocurrent direction, relative age, top vs bottom of strata, and the environmental conditions during deposition.
Coastal Geomorphology Landforms Of Wave Erosion & DepositionPRasad PK
This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It defines coastal geomorphology and describes how waves, longshore currents, rip currents, and tides shape coastal areas and transport sediment. It then lists and describes specific coastal landforms like headlands, bays, sea cliffs, beaches, bars, spits, tombolos, sand dunes, salt marshes, and more. For each landform, it provides a brief definition and example photo. Coastal erosion processes like abrasion, hydraulic action, corrosion, and attrition are also outlined.
The document describes plate tectonics and the evidence that supports it. It explains that lithospheric plates move over the asthenosphere at different plate boundary types - divergent boundaries where new crust is formed, convergent boundaries where plates collide and cause subduction or mountain building, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other. It provides examples like the Hawaiian hotspot chain that demonstrate plate motions. The document also describes how seismic activity patterns, magnetic anomalies in ocean crust, and the age of seafloor rocks provide further evidence of plate tectonics.
Sedimentology application in petroleum industryAndi Anriansyah
This document provides an overview of sedimentology and its applications in the petroleum industry. It discusses key concepts in sedimentology including sedimentary rocks, depositional environments, sediment transport processes, and sedimentary structures. These concepts are important for understanding reservoir heterogeneity, predicting texture, and informing exploration and production strategies. The document cautions against oversimplifying depositional environments and stresses the importance of analyzing sediment transport and depositional processes to avoid misinterpretation.
This document provides an overview of diapirs and related geological structures. It discusses evaporite diapirs such as salt domes, describing their shape, composition, internal structure, and economic resources. It also covers shale sheaths, rock glaciers, the origin and structural evolution of diapirs. Additionally, it summarizes serpentine diapirs, sedimentary vents, and mud lumps. Economic resources from diapirs include petroleum, sulfur, salt, potash, waste disposal, underground storage, and helium gas. Computer modeling is used to analyze the structural evolution of salt domes over millions of years.
The Aravalli Craton in western India is divided into eight elements based on geology and age. It contains ancient gneiss and supracrustal rocks from the Archean era, followed by sedimentary and volcanic sequences from the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic. Notable features include large lead-zinc deposits, stromatolitic phosphorites, and the large felsic Malani Igneous Suite from the Neoproterozoic. The oldest rocks date to 3300 million years ago, and the craton has undergone multiple periods of tectonism, magmatism, and basin formation.
Geological structures- التراكيب الجيولوجيه
Geological Structures
What are Geologic Structures?
إيه هيا التراكيب الجيولوجيه؟
Division of Structures
تقسيم للتراكيب الجيولوجيه
A- Primary structures
Ripple marks
Mud cracks
Cross bedding
Graded bedding
Burrows
B- Secondary Structures
Folds
Faults
Joints
Unconformities
What are Geologic Structures?
إيه هيا التراكيب الجيولوجيه؟
Geologic structure is any feature in rocks that results from deformation, such as folds, joints, and faults.
اى شكل فى الصخر ينتج من خلال عملية التشويه مثل : الصدوع والطيات
هى التشققات والتصدعات الضخمة والالتواءات العنيفة التى تشوه صخور القشرة الارضية .
Geologic structures are usually the result of the powerful tectonic forces that occur within the earth. These forces fold and break rocks, form deep faults, and build mountains .
Division of Structures
• Primary (or sedimentary) structures: such as ripple marks, cross-bedding, and mud cracks form in sediments during or shortly after deposition.
هى التراكيب الناتجة من تدخل العمليات الخارجية أثناء الترسيب
• Secondary structures: is that structures formed after the formations of any kind of rocks, such as folds, faults, or unconformities.
Primary structures
They are any structures in sedimentary rock formed at or shortly after the time of deposition: such as:
هى الاشكال التى تتخلف بالصخور تحت تأثير عوامل مناخية وبيئية خاصة مثل الجفاف والحرارة وتأثير الرياح والتيارات المائية وغيرها وبدون أى تدخل من جانب القوى والحركات الارضية أمثلة ذلك:
Ripple marks
علامات النيم: هي تموجات رملية صغيرة تنشأ على سطح الطبقات الرسوبية بواسطة حركة الماء أو الهواء و تكون حروف علامات النيم متعامدة على اتجاه الحركة.
They are wavelike (undulating) structures produced in granular sediment such as sand by unidirectional wind and water currents or by oscillating wave currents.
Wind and current ripples. (Asymmetric
Wave ripples. (Symmetric
Mud cracks
التشققات فى الرواسب الطينية : حيث ينكمش سطح الرسوبيات الطينية مخلفة شقوقا مميزة فى فترات الجفاف
Mud crack is a crack in clay-rich sediment that has dried out.
Cross bedding
التطبق المتقاطع هو النمط الذي تسلكه الرسوبيات الجديدة المتراكمة عند تأثرها بأي من التيارات المائية أو الهوائية. عندما تستق
This document provides information on the optical and physical properties of various mineral samples. It describes several key properties of minerals including their crystal form, habit, cleavage, parting, inclusions, and twinning. It also discusses their optical properties without and with an analyzer, such as color, reflectivity, bireflectance, anisotropism, and internal reflection. Finally, it presents information on various ore textures like colloform, deformation, banded iron formation, flame, oolitic, and exsolution textures.
Salt range field report by Hamza MehsudHamza Mehsud
The document provides a geology field report on the Salt Range by Hamza Daud. It includes an introduction describing the geology of the Salt Range region. The report then details 5 days of field work, with stops documenting local rock formations, including the Sakessar Limestone and Baghanwalan Formation. Measurements of strike and dip were taken using a Brunton compass. Key rock units like the Tobra Formation and their depositional environments are also described. In total, the report provides a detailed field study of the stratigraphy and structure of the Salt Range.
This document discusses various mechanisms that can cause variation in igneous rocks, including magmatic differentiation, assimilation, and magma mixing. It defines primary and parental magmas and explains that over 700 types of igneous rocks exist despite only a few primary magma types. The key mechanisms of magmatic differentiation discussed are fractional crystallization, liquid immiscibility, vapor transport, and thermal diffusion. Assimilation and magma mixing are also explained as additional processes that can change a magma's composition and result in diverse rock types. Specific examples like carbonatites and unusual rock compositions provide evidence of these differentiation and mixing processes.
The document discusses various transitional depositional environments between continental and marine settings. It describes deltas, lagoons, estuaries, tidal flats, and barriers. Deltas form where rivers enter standing bodies of water, and can be classified as river-dominated, tide-dominated, or wave-dominated based on dominant processes. Estuaries are drowned river valleys influenced by both freshwater and seawater. Lagoons are coastal bodies of water separated from the ocean by barriers, and can be choked, restricted, or leaky depending on water exchange. The key difference between estuaries and lagoons is that estuaries have faster water flow while lagoons have more sluggish flow
Meteorite Classification and Trajectory ModelingJessie Miller
This document summarizes a student project on meteorite classification and trajectory modeling. It describes the three main types of meteorites - stony, iron, and stony iron. It discusses techniques for analyzing meteorites like thin section microscopy. The document outlines equations of motion and initial conditions used to model meteorite trajectories. Plots of orbital paths are generated and future work is proposed to model meteorite impacts or deflections off Earth.
This document discusses granitic pegmatite deposits. It aims to describe pegmatites in detail, discuss their economic importance in Zimbabwe, describe their size and grade, and identify geological features. Pegmatites are coarse-grained, feldspar-rich rocks that form from volatile-rich fluids during the late stages of granite crystallization. They are a significant source of rare earth elements and metals used in electronics and metallurgy. Pegmatites occur in rocks of all ages but are commonly found in Precambrian greenstone belts associated with granite intrusions and amphibolite-grade metamorphism. Notable pegmatite districts are located within major Archean cratons.
Aeolian process and landform by shivam soni B.Sc student of Department of App...shivamsoni2011
Wind processes produce eolian landforms. One third of the planet's land is arid or semi-arid. Wind action can be divided into erosion, transportation, and deposition. Erosion includes deflation, abrasion, and attrition which produce features like yardangs, ventifacts, and desert pavement. Transportation occurs by saltation, suspension, and surface creep. Deposition forms sand seas and sheets. Sand dunes depend on wind strength and direction, and come in various shapes that can migrate over time.
Karst topography develops under ideal conditions where limestone deposits are thick, well-jointed and fractured, located above the water table, and exposed to rain in a warm climate. Groundwater dissolves the limestone over time, creating sinkholes, caves, swallow holes, and dolines. Caves form below the water table as mineral-rich groundwater dissolves the rock, eventually creating large underground voids. Within caves, stalactites hang down and stalagmites build up from mineral deposition, sometimes joining to form pillars.
Primary sedimentary structures are features formed during deposition of sedimentary rocks that provide information about the depositional environment. Some key primary sedimentary structures mentioned in the document include stratification, cross-bedding, ripples, graded bedding, sole marks, fossils, rip-up clasts, rainprints, desiccation cracks, imbrication, flute casts, soft-sediment deformation structures like slump folds, flame structures and clastic dikes. These structures can be used to determine paleocurrent direction, relative age, top vs bottom of strata, and the environmental conditions during deposition.
Coastal Geomorphology Landforms Of Wave Erosion & DepositionPRasad PK
This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It defines coastal geomorphology and describes how waves, longshore currents, rip currents, and tides shape coastal areas and transport sediment. It then lists and describes specific coastal landforms like headlands, bays, sea cliffs, beaches, bars, spits, tombolos, sand dunes, salt marshes, and more. For each landform, it provides a brief definition and example photo. Coastal erosion processes like abrasion, hydraulic action, corrosion, and attrition are also outlined.
The document describes plate tectonics and the evidence that supports it. It explains that lithospheric plates move over the asthenosphere at different plate boundary types - divergent boundaries where new crust is formed, convergent boundaries where plates collide and cause subduction or mountain building, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other. It provides examples like the Hawaiian hotspot chain that demonstrate plate motions. The document also describes how seismic activity patterns, magnetic anomalies in ocean crust, and the age of seafloor rocks provide further evidence of plate tectonics.
Sedimentology application in petroleum industryAndi Anriansyah
This document provides an overview of sedimentology and its applications in the petroleum industry. It discusses key concepts in sedimentology including sedimentary rocks, depositional environments, sediment transport processes, and sedimentary structures. These concepts are important for understanding reservoir heterogeneity, predicting texture, and informing exploration and production strategies. The document cautions against oversimplifying depositional environments and stresses the importance of analyzing sediment transport and depositional processes to avoid misinterpretation.
This document provides an overview of diapirs and related geological structures. It discusses evaporite diapirs such as salt domes, describing their shape, composition, internal structure, and economic resources. It also covers shale sheaths, rock glaciers, the origin and structural evolution of diapirs. Additionally, it summarizes serpentine diapirs, sedimentary vents, and mud lumps. Economic resources from diapirs include petroleum, sulfur, salt, potash, waste disposal, underground storage, and helium gas. Computer modeling is used to analyze the structural evolution of salt domes over millions of years.
The Aravalli Craton in western India is divided into eight elements based on geology and age. It contains ancient gneiss and supracrustal rocks from the Archean era, followed by sedimentary and volcanic sequences from the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic. Notable features include large lead-zinc deposits, stromatolitic phosphorites, and the large felsic Malani Igneous Suite from the Neoproterozoic. The oldest rocks date to 3300 million years ago, and the craton has undergone multiple periods of tectonism, magmatism, and basin formation.
Geological structures- التراكيب الجيولوجيه
Geological Structures
What are Geologic Structures?
إيه هيا التراكيب الجيولوجيه؟
Division of Structures
تقسيم للتراكيب الجيولوجيه
A- Primary structures
Ripple marks
Mud cracks
Cross bedding
Graded bedding
Burrows
B- Secondary Structures
Folds
Faults
Joints
Unconformities
What are Geologic Structures?
إيه هيا التراكيب الجيولوجيه؟
Geologic structure is any feature in rocks that results from deformation, such as folds, joints, and faults.
اى شكل فى الصخر ينتج من خلال عملية التشويه مثل : الصدوع والطيات
هى التشققات والتصدعات الضخمة والالتواءات العنيفة التى تشوه صخور القشرة الارضية .
Geologic structures are usually the result of the powerful tectonic forces that occur within the earth. These forces fold and break rocks, form deep faults, and build mountains .
Division of Structures
• Primary (or sedimentary) structures: such as ripple marks, cross-bedding, and mud cracks form in sediments during or shortly after deposition.
هى التراكيب الناتجة من تدخل العمليات الخارجية أثناء الترسيب
• Secondary structures: is that structures formed after the formations of any kind of rocks, such as folds, faults, or unconformities.
Primary structures
They are any structures in sedimentary rock formed at or shortly after the time of deposition: such as:
هى الاشكال التى تتخلف بالصخور تحت تأثير عوامل مناخية وبيئية خاصة مثل الجفاف والحرارة وتأثير الرياح والتيارات المائية وغيرها وبدون أى تدخل من جانب القوى والحركات الارضية أمثلة ذلك:
Ripple marks
علامات النيم: هي تموجات رملية صغيرة تنشأ على سطح الطبقات الرسوبية بواسطة حركة الماء أو الهواء و تكون حروف علامات النيم متعامدة على اتجاه الحركة.
They are wavelike (undulating) structures produced in granular sediment such as sand by unidirectional wind and water currents or by oscillating wave currents.
Wind and current ripples. (Asymmetric
Wave ripples. (Symmetric
Mud cracks
التشققات فى الرواسب الطينية : حيث ينكمش سطح الرسوبيات الطينية مخلفة شقوقا مميزة فى فترات الجفاف
Mud crack is a crack in clay-rich sediment that has dried out.
Cross bedding
التطبق المتقاطع هو النمط الذي تسلكه الرسوبيات الجديدة المتراكمة عند تأثرها بأي من التيارات المائية أو الهوائية. عندما تستق
This document provides information on the optical and physical properties of various mineral samples. It describes several key properties of minerals including their crystal form, habit, cleavage, parting, inclusions, and twinning. It also discusses their optical properties without and with an analyzer, such as color, reflectivity, bireflectance, anisotropism, and internal reflection. Finally, it presents information on various ore textures like colloform, deformation, banded iron formation, flame, oolitic, and exsolution textures.
Salt range field report by Hamza MehsudHamza Mehsud
The document provides a geology field report on the Salt Range by Hamza Daud. It includes an introduction describing the geology of the Salt Range region. The report then details 5 days of field work, with stops documenting local rock formations, including the Sakessar Limestone and Baghanwalan Formation. Measurements of strike and dip were taken using a Brunton compass. Key rock units like the Tobra Formation and their depositional environments are also described. In total, the report provides a detailed field study of the stratigraphy and structure of the Salt Range.
This document discusses various mechanisms that can cause variation in igneous rocks, including magmatic differentiation, assimilation, and magma mixing. It defines primary and parental magmas and explains that over 700 types of igneous rocks exist despite only a few primary magma types. The key mechanisms of magmatic differentiation discussed are fractional crystallization, liquid immiscibility, vapor transport, and thermal diffusion. Assimilation and magma mixing are also explained as additional processes that can change a magma's composition and result in diverse rock types. Specific examples like carbonatites and unusual rock compositions provide evidence of these differentiation and mixing processes.
The document discusses various transitional depositional environments between continental and marine settings. It describes deltas, lagoons, estuaries, tidal flats, and barriers. Deltas form where rivers enter standing bodies of water, and can be classified as river-dominated, tide-dominated, or wave-dominated based on dominant processes. Estuaries are drowned river valleys influenced by both freshwater and seawater. Lagoons are coastal bodies of water separated from the ocean by barriers, and can be choked, restricted, or leaky depending on water exchange. The key difference between estuaries and lagoons is that estuaries have faster water flow while lagoons have more sluggish flow
Meteorite Classification and Trajectory ModelingJessie Miller
This document summarizes a student project on meteorite classification and trajectory modeling. It describes the three main types of meteorites - stony, iron, and stony iron. It discusses techniques for analyzing meteorites like thin section microscopy. The document outlines equations of motion and initial conditions used to model meteorite trajectories. Plots of orbital paths are generated and future work is proposed to model meteorite impacts or deflections off Earth.
This very short document appears to be a thank you message from someone named Mireille to Victor for an unspecified reason. It does not provide much contextual information to summarize.
2. • Plato ile yayla kavramlarını birbirinden ayrı
tutmak gerekir.
• Yayla daha çok yaz aylarında hayvan otlatılan,
ya da turizm amaçlı kullanılan geçici bir
yerleşme şekli iken; plato bir yeryüzü şeklidir.
3. • Platolar Türkiye’nin önemli ve yaygın bir yeryüzü
şeklidir.
• Neden?
• Ülkemizin büyük bir kısmı aşınım sahası iken IV.
Zamanda oluşan toptan yükselmeye uğraması
akarsuların eski aşınım düzlüklerini yarmalarına ve
platoların çoğalıp, yaygınlaşmasına neden olmuştur.
11. • Karadeniz ve Marmara Bölgeleri’nde aşınım
platoları yer alır.
ÇATALCA – KOCAELİ PLATOSU
12. İÇ ANADOLU BÖLGESİ
• Tuz Gölü çevresinde platolara yaygın olarak rastlanır.
• Tuz Gölü ile Konya Ovası arasında OBRUK ,
• Tuz Gölü’nün batısında CİHANBEYLİ,
• Tuz Gölü’nün kuzeybatısında HAYMANA,
• Kızılırmak yayı içerisinde BOZOK,
• İçbatı Anadolu eşiği üzerinde YAZILIKAYA,
• İç Anadolu ile Doğu Anadolu arasında UZUNYAYLA
Platoları yer alır.
• Niğde, Kayseri, Nevşehir arasında kalan saha
Türkiye'deki lav platolarına örnek alanlardır.
22. DOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİ
• Kuzeydoğu’da Erzurum – Kars ve
• Ardahan Platoları yer alır.
• Allahuekber ve
• Yalnızçam Dağları üzerinde 2000 – 2500 m.lerde
platolar yer alır.
• Bu bölgemizdeki Bingöl platosu bir lav
platosudur.
25. GÜNEYDOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİ
• Gaziantep ve
• Şanlıurfa Platoları yer alır
• Güneydoğu Anadolu'daki Karacadağ
Platosu bir lav platosudur
• Diyarbakır Havzası, Mardin Eşiği ve Mazıdağı
çevresi de akarsular tarafından parçalanmıştır.
38. Bu platoların dışında dağlık alanların üst
kısımlarında, küçük parçalar halinde çok
sayıda plato bulunmaktadır.
39.
40.
41.
42. TÜRKİYE’NİN OVALARI
• Akarsular tarafından parçalanmamış, çevrelerine göre
alçakta olan geniş düzlüklere Ova denir.
• Ovalarda eğim çok az olduğundan buralarda yer alan akarsular
menderesler oluşturur.
43. Ovaların Özellikleri
• 1-) Çevrelerine göre alçak alanlardır.
• 2-) Akarsular tarafından yarılmamıştır.
• 3-) Düz bir yapıya sahiptirler.
• 4-) Toprakları genel olarak verimlidir.
• 5-) Nüfus, yerleşme ve ekonomik
faaliyetlere uygun sahalardır.
44. Oluşumlarına göre ovalar:
• Ülkemizdeki ovaların oluşumunda tektonik,
volkanik, karstik olaylar ve akarsu biriktirmesi
etkili olmuştur.
• En etkili olanı tektonik olaylardır.
• Tektonik ovalar genelde 3.ve 4. zamanda
çöken sahalarda oluşmuştur.
45. 1.Çöküntü ovaları (Tektonik Ovalar):
• Yeryüzündeki
çöküntü
hendeklerinin
dış kuvvetlerin
taşıyıp getirdiği
tortullarla
dolması sonucu
oluşurlar.
46. 2.Birikinti Ovaları:
• İç kesimlerde yada
kıyılardaki çukur alanların
dış kuvvetlerin taşıyıp
getirdiği tortullarla dolması
sonucu oluşurlar.
• Akarsuların taşıyıp getirdiği
malzemeleri deniz yâda
gölün sığ yerlerinde
biriktirmesi ile de DELTALAR
oluşur.
• Bafra, Çarşamba, Silifke,
Çukurova gibi.
47. 3.Karstik ovalar:
• Karstik alanlarda
suyun çözücü
etkisiyle oluşan
çanakların
tabanının
tortullarla dolup
düzleşmesi ile
oluşurlar.
48. Türkiye’de ovalar farklı yükseltilerde görülür
Delta ve taban seviyesi ovaları deniz seviyesinde,
GEDİZ DELTASI
BERGAMA OVASI
49. Türkiye’de ovalar farklı yükseltilerde görülür
Batı Anadolu ve Trakya’da 200 m. civarında
BURSA OVASI SİMAV OVASI
50. Türkiye’de ovalar farklı yükseltilerde görülür
İç Anadolu ve Güneydoğu’da 800 – 1200 m.
KONYA OVASI HARRAN OVASI
51. Türkiye’de ovalar farklı yükseltilerde görülür
Doğu Anadolu’da 700 m. den 2400 m. ye kadar çıkar.
MUŞ OVASI YÜKSEKOVA
53. 1.Kıyı ovaları (Deltalar)
• Akarsuların taşıdığı malzemeleri denize
döküldüğü yerde biriktirmesi sonucu oluşan
ovalardır.
54. 1.Kıyı ovaları (Deltalar)
• Deltaların meydana gelebilmesi için gerekli
şartlar;
• 1.Akarsuyun belli bir büyüklükte olması.
• 2.Akarsuların getirdiği alüvyon miktarının bol
olması.
• 3.Kıyının çok derin olmaması.
• 4.Kıyılardaki güçlü akıntıların olmaması.
• 5.Kıyıda gel-gitin etkili olmaması gerekir.
55. Kıyı ovaları (Deltalar)
• Türkiye’nin deltaları oldukça genç oluşumludur
• 100.000 yıl önce son buzul döneminden sonra
deniz seviyesinin yükselmesine bağlı olarak
bugünkü görünümlerini almışlardır
• Deltalar oldukça hızlı gelişirler ( Menderesler –
Söke ovası, Gediz, Efes Antik şehri)
56. • 11. yüzyıl sonlarında
Selçuklular Anadolu'yu
işgal etmeye
başlamışlar ve Türkmen
göçmenler Ege
kıyılarına da
yerleşmeye
başlamışlardır.
Selçuklular zamanında
Miletos limanı yine
Venediklilerle ticaret
için liman olarak
kullanılmıştır….
• Sonunda Osmanlıların eline gecen
Miletos limanının kullanılmasına
devam edildiği bilinmektedir.
1494'te Menteşe Beyleri soyundan
İlyas Bey Miletos'ta bir camii,
medrese ve oluşan bir külliye
yaptırmıştır Fakat liman dolmasıyla
Miletos terkedilmiş sehir
harabeleri bugün deniz kıyısından
10km kadar icerde kalmistir. Fakat
yine de bir koy ismi olarak Balat
(Palatia'dan alınma) koyu
bulunmaktadır
57. 2-İç Ovalar
• İç ovalarımızın çoğu 3.Zamanda tektonik hareketle
çöken sahalardaki çanaklar içinde oluşan göllerin
içine akarsuların taşıdığı malzemelerin birikmesiyle
meydana gelmiştir.
• Bunlar bazen fay hatlarında diziler halinde bazen de
tek tek bulunurlar.
• Bunların çoğunun yükseltileri fazladır.
• Bundan dolayı bunlara yüksek ovalar da denir.
58. Ovaların Ekonomik Önemi:
• 1.Tarımın en yoğun yapıldığı verimli alanlardır.
• 2.Ulaşım en kolay olduğu alanlardır.
• 3. Yerleşmeler kurulduğu ve nüfusun en yoğun
yaşadığı yerlerdir.
• 4-Kıyı ovaları başta olmak üzere su kaynaklarının en
bol olduğu yerlerdir.
• Genel olarak ovalar fay hatlarında olduğu için
deprem riskinin en yüksek olduğu yerlerdir.
• Ayrıca alçak oldukları için de sel ve taşkın tehlikesi
fazla olan alanlardır.
59. • Genel olarak ovalar fay hatlarında olduğu için
deprem riskinin en yüksek olduğu yerlerdir.
• Ayrıca alçak oldukları için de sel ve taşkın tehlikesi
fazla olan alanlardır.
Söke Ovası- Söke Ovası Denize Döndü
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61. TÜRKİYE’NİN OVALARI
Yükseltileri azdır.
Sıcaklık ortalamaları yüksektir.
Verimleri yüksektir.
Ürünlerin vejetasyon süresi uzun, olgunlaşma süresi kısadır.
Tarım ürünü çeşidi fazladır.
Delta ovaları: Akarsuların denize döküldükleri yerlerde oluşmuştur.
Bakırçay, Gediz, Büyük ve Küçük Menderes, Bafra (Kızılırmak), Çarşamba (Yeşilırmak), Çukurova
(Seyhan-Ceyhan), Silifke (Göksu)
Taban seviyesi ovası: Sakarya nehrinin oluşturduğu Adapazarı ovası
Kudret GÜL
Çukurova
Silifke
Gediz
Bakırçay
Sakarya
Bafra
Çarşamba
Küçük Menderes
Büyük Menderes
Kıyı ovaları
75. Oluşturan Akarsu Ova Adı
Kızılırmak Bafra Ovası
Yeşilırmak Çarşamba Ovası
Sakarya Adapazarı Ovası
Meriç Meriç Ovası
Bakırçay Dikili Ovası
Gediz Menemen Ovası
Küçük Menderes Selçuk Ovası
Büyük Menderes Balat Ovası
Göksu Silifke Ovası
Seyhan ve Ceyhan Çukurova
76. İÇ BÖLGE OVALARI
• Tektonik ve karstik
süreçlerin etkisiyle
oluşmuşlardır
• Tektonik çanaklar içinde
göl ve akarsu depolarının
birikmesi ile ortaya
çıkmışlardır
• Çöken sahada çeşitli
tortulların birikmesi ve
akarsuların getirdiği
alüvyonların yayılması ile
tektonik ovalar
oluşmuştur
• Önemli fay kuşaklarına
bağlı olarak oluşan
havzaların alüvyonlarla
dolması sonucu tektonik
ovalar ortaya çıkmıştır.
• Kireçtaşlarının
çözülmesiyle oluşan
çanakların içinde polye
ovaları oluşmuştur.
77. • Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı üzerinde yer alan ovalar;
• , Manyas, Ulubat, Biga, Gönen, Bursa, İnegöl, İznik, Yenişehir, Orhangazi,
Gemlik, Bolu, Düzce, İlgaz, Ladik, Suluova, Taşova, Vezirköprü, Turhal, Kargı,
Eleşkirt, Kaynaştı, Zile, Erbaa, Suşehri, Niksar, Erzincan, Erzurum, Pasinler ve
Ağrı ovalarıdır.
• Batı Anadolu Fay Hattı üzerinde yer alan ovalar;
• Bakırçay vadisinde; Bergama, Soma ve Kırkağaç
• Gediz vadisinde; Manisa, Akhisar, Turgutlu, Salihli ve Alaşehir
• Küçük Menderes vadisinde; Torbalı, Tire, Ödemiş ve Bayındır
• Büyük Menderes vadisinde; Söke, Koçarlı, Aydın, Yeni pazar, Nazilli ve
Sarayköy ovalan bulunur.
• Güney Anadolu Fay Hattı üzerinde yer alan ovalar;
• Amik, Malatya, Elazığ, Hınıs, Muş, Varto, Elbistan, Göynük, Afşin, Ardahan,
Karlıova, Kahramanmaraş, Iğdır, Bingöl ve Bulanık ovalarıdır.
• Bu üç fay hattı dışında;
• Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde; Nizip, Suruç, Ceylanpınar, Harran
(Altınbaşak) ve Viranşehir
• İç Anadolu'da; Eskişehir, Akşehir, Mürted, Ankara, Çubuk ve Develi ovaları
teknotik ovalardır.
78. Büyük bir bölümü tektonik oluşumludur. Yükseltileri bulundukları bölgeye göre değişir.
Bir bölümü kırık hatlarının üzerindeki çukurlardadır.
Tektonik Ovalar: Erzincan, Erzurum, Pasinler, Muş, Iğdır, Erbaa, Niksar, Merzifon, Bolu,
Düzce, Amik, Elazığ, Kahramanmaraş, Adıyaman, Küçük ve Büyük Menderes, Gediz,
Bakırçay…
Kudret GÜL
Erzincan
Erzurum
Pasinler
Muş
Iğdır
Erbaa
Niksar
Elazığ
Merzifon
Bolu
Düzce
Amik
Kahramanmaraş
Adıyaman
Küçük Menderes
Büyük Menderes
Gediz
Bakırçay
TÜRKİYE’NİN OVALARI
İç ovaları
117. Akdeniz Ovaları
• Ovaların büyük bölümü
karstik kökenli polye
ovalarıdır.
• Oluşumlarında hem
faylanma sonucu çökme,
hem de kireç taşlarının
çözülmesi etkili olmuştur.
• Polyeler daha çok Orta ve
Batı Toroslar’da bulunur
• Bu ovaların tabanında yer
yer sığ göllere rastlanır.
125. İç Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki Ovalar
• Çoğu tektonik çöküntü
ovalarıdır.
• Konya- Ereğli ve Tuzgölü
çevreleri, Develi-Yahyalı-
Yeşilhisar arasında kalan
düzlük alanlar ile bu
sahaların çevrelerindeki
Neojen dolgu alanları ise
ülkemizde eski göl tabanı
ovalarına örnek olurlar.