Sustainable development is a developmental process, which optimizes natural and man-made resources to meet the need of everyone and create wealth without compromising the environment and future generation. Both Microbiology and Biotechnology are at the heart of sustainable development. Nigeria stands to benefit immensely in the realization of many global and national targets of diseases such as Tuberculosis, Diabetes, Malaria and neglected tropical diseases as well as improved hygiene and sanitation for One Health. One major requirement to reap these benefits is improved local support for health research, which is presently too weak in the country.

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Trends in Microbiology and
Biotechnology for Sustainable
Development: the Nigerian
Situation
Dr. Iwalokun, BA
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
Lagos

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Presentation Overview
• The Concept of Sustainable Development
– Milestone
– Why Sustainable Development?
– African Aspiration 2063
• Biosciences-Overview
– Microbiology: definition, why microbiology?, branches, etc
– Biotechnology: definition, branches and techniques
• Global challenges mitigating sustainable development.
– Solutions:
– Microbiology vs Sustainable development
– Biotechnology vs Sustainable development
• The Nigerian situation
– Research and Development for sustainable development
• Conclusion
• Recommendations

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The Concept of Sustainable Development
• Sustainable Development (SD) is the
process by which resources are
maximally utilised, using Science,
Technology and Innovation to meet
the need of the present without
compromising the ability of the future
generation to meet their own needs
(World Commission on
Environment & Development,
1987).
• The concept of SD is a wide approach
that was first discussed in the United
Nations’ 1987 Brundland Report
(http://www.un-documents.net/wced-
ocf.htm)
• SD aims to improve the quality of
human life within the carrying capacity
of the supporting ecosystem

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The Concept of Sustainable Development
• SD is conservation-based that respects nature’s ability to provide
resources (e.g. fossil fuels, wind, water, soil, air, heavy metals, uranium,
microbes, humans, animals, plants, Archea etc) and life support services
(Equipment, microbiology, Biotechnology etc).
• SD was endorsed at the Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil in 1992

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Concept of sustainable Development Contd…
• In May, 1999 the UK’s Sustainable Development Strategy was
published with four objectives.
1. Social progress, which recognises the need of everyone.
2. Effective protection of the environment.
3. Prudent use of natural resources.
4. Maintenance of high and stable level of economic growth
(http://www.sustainable-environment.org.uk/Action/UK_Strategy.php)

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Why sustainable Development?
1

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2

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3

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4

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5 Africa Aspiration 2063

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A hub for global economic growth, dialogue and strategic direction.

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A united Africa with free movement of people in an atmosphere of peace,
harmony, political ideology and economic prosperity.

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We do SDG-17. But not speak or politicize them .

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Infrastructural Development

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Timely access to health facilities and affordable health care

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Healthy and safe Environment.

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Quality Jobs for all.

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But Sustainable development is not as simple as it seems.
Multiple parallel developmental factors must be put in
place and associated challenges must be addressed.

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Bioscience
Bioscience is the study of living organisms, from the largest mammals and
plants to the tiniest cells and microorganisms.
Bioscience has numerous branches, ranging from the popular Biomedical
Science and Biotechnology to more niche and specific areas such
as Bioinformatics and Microbiology.

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The word Microbiology means the study of
microscopic organisms whether they may be
unicellular, multi cellular or acellular
organisms. This includes
numerous disciplines and sub-disciplines
including virology, mycology, parasitology
and bacteriology.
Bacteriology includes the study of bacteria,
Mycology the study of fungi, Protozoology is
the study of protozoa, Phycology the study of
algae which is also called as algology,
Parasitology is the study of parasites,
Virology is the study of viruses, nematology is
the study of nematodes

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Another classification of microbiology includes:
Microbial cytology as the study of microscopic and
sub-microscopic details of micro organisms,
Microbial physiology as the study of the functions of
the microbial cells which include the study of microbial
growth, microbial metabolism and cell structure of the
microbes.
Microbial ecology which shows the relationship
between micro organisms and their environment.
Microbial genetics deals with the study of genes their
organization which regulates microbes in relation to
their cellular functions.
Cellular microbiology:the relation between
microbiology and cell biology.
The study of evolution of microbes is called evolutionary
microbiology which is again divided in to microbial
taxonomy and microbial systemics.

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Why Studying Microbiology?
1

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For Knowledge and History5

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The scope of Microbiology is widening.

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What is Biotechnology?
• The use of living systems and organisms in technology to develop new
products and technology (e.g. creating biodegradable plastics, using
microorganisms to clean up waste).
• Biotechnology uses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop
technology and products to improve lives and the planet. Simple examples
of biotechnology include food processes, such as microorganisms that
make cheese, bread, yogurt and more possible.

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FIG. Snapshot of
Techniques used in
Biotechnology

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Global challenges: The Precursors.

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All result in global warming.

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Increased world population results in rapid urbanisation and slums’
evolution

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Increased population>Slums>massive waste generation>Zoonosis

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Run offs or leachates from waste contaminate water bodies, causing
health problems in man animals and aquatic life forms.

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E-waste

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Inappropriate waste disposal.

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Increased population generates food problems.

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Increased in junk food consumption has also resulted in the rising
occurrence of metabolic diseases in African children and adolescents

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Incidentally, these challenges are interconnected: Systemic
Approach to solutions remains the ultimate.

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Solutions to Global Challenges: A requirement
for Sustainable Development
Microbiology and Infectious diseases
Rapid detection of infections
Diagnosis without culture
Rapid detection of drug resistant infections.
Identification of genomic signatures for
the production of novel diagnostics and
other countermeasures
Phylogeneny construction of strains of a
pathogen.

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Biotechnology: Driven global solutions for sustainable development.

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Plant Biotechnology and Biofuel production towards zero CO2 emission and
reduced climate change. FIG. Algae culture and biofuel production

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FIG. From Algae to Biofuel

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FIG. Bioethanol production from lignocellulose biomass waste

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FIG. Biotechnology and Food Safety.

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FIG. Trends in GM foods. 1993 - 2014

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Biotechnology holds the ace for sustainable development.

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Conclusion.
Microbiology and Biotechnology are among the leading drivers of Sustainable
Development, enabling Knowledge Based Economy.
The adoption of Knowledge Based Economy for economic growth and
sustainable development is low in Nigeria.
The country is in dire need of functional national research policy, priorities and
agenda premised on adequate provision of a research infrastructure and
investment under an atmosphere of peace and unity for a well-coordinated
impact driven research activities by workforce adequately trained to
international standards.

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Recommendations
• Recruitment of the right people: intellectual curiosity, competent and
matching of staff with needs.
• Improvement in Life science curriculum in Nigerian tertiary
institutions to align with international standard
• Improved motivation of Nigerian researchers in the atmosphere of
zero strike.
• A functional research policy with national research priority
• Building and development of research infrastructure and research
culture
• Mentoring for R&D and Evaluation of Mentorship
• TetFUND for all research institutions in Nigeria
• Creation of alternative sources of funding.
• Proper research co-ordination and synergy among Nigerian
researchers
• Linking research to the industrial
• Improved access to peer-reviewed Journal
• Training on grant writing.
• Improvement in international collaboration.

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THANK YOU