Transportation plays a key role in Pakistan's economy by facilitating trade, tourism, and foreign investment. Roads carry over 96% of inland freight and 92% of passengers, with the current road network spanning 260,000 km. Pakistan also has rail, air, and port transportation networks. Recent projects have expanded and improved roads and rail lines at a cost of billions of rupees, while ports like Karachi, Gwadar, and Port Qasim handle cargo vital to Pakistan's commerce. Transportation generates jobs and government revenue but also faces challenges like high maintenance costs and damage from natural disasters.

1. Introduction
The technological advances in global communication and transportation.
 National markets of goods and services merge in a single market.
The relationships of communication and cooperation is link among the nations
Trade and tourism for attracting foreign investment and potential gains from trade.
Transport and communication generates a large number of employment.
Major contributor for government revenue through taxes and duties on production .
Import fee on ownerships and operation of vehicles and licensing of modern communication
facilities.
Sustainable economics development is dependent on strong and low cost transport system.
Transport system consists of roads ,railways, air transport and ports shipping services.

2. Road Transport
Roads are the more important segments of Pakistan transports
Roads carry over 96 percents of inland freight and 92 percent of passenger tariffs.
Without any doubt transports play a role as a backbone of economy.
The current roads network is about 260,000 Km covering with 11 million vehicles .
According to NHA roads networks is around 12,000 Km,s which is merely 4.6 percent of
overall roads But 80% of Pakistan commercial traffics.
NHA completed 12 projects of flyovers ,bridges, interchange and roads up gradation
during last years at a cost of Rs 19.6 billion.
Currently 46 developments projects on roads covering up 2,985 Km,s are on going at
Cost Rs 245 billion

3. Road Transport Continue …
NHA has started 16 new developments projects covering a length of 500 Km,s at cost at
70,951 million.
Constructing 12 bridges across the river on river Chenab 4, Sutlej 2, Sawn 1,and on river
Indus 5.
Flood damages in 2010 were still in the recovery the losses in transports and communication
are estimated at Rs 26,468.
Transports and communication estimates indicates 8,385 Km,s of the roads network
and 190 Km,s of railway lines were damage by flood.
The roads subsector sustained the highest damage and losses of $299 millions and railway
subsectors is losses to $3 million. It will increased in the road cost during recovery period.

4. Road Transport continue ….
Telecommunication infrastructure damage exchange rate equipments, power system with
losses $ 1.9 million.
Reconstruction have been estimated $388 million and including $5 million for railway and $2
million required in the telecommunication.
The road reconstruction cost include in the short run is 10 % and will complete in 12 months.

5. Pakistan Railways
Effective rail system of the country facilitates commerce and trade.
It will reduce the transportation cost, promotes rural development and national integration.
Railways entered into the public – private partnership business in passenger train management
and dry port.
Railways adopted Track Access Policy for private sector participation to operate freight and
passenger trains .
Priority for restoration of railways services and freight operation for revenue generation.
The freight price will be according to market condition and cost of doing business.
Chamber of Commerce and industries of Lahore has been engaged for their freight
transportation , Karachi to Lahore.

6. Pakistan Railways continue…..
During financial year 16 Km of track was rehabilitee besides doubling of more than 15 Kms of
track.
D- Class station at new Multan was carried out at costs Rs.39.8 million.
Khudian Khas ,Raiwind and Kanganpur railway station was at the cost of Rs.24.0 million to
improve and facilitate passenger.
Signaling of a four railway station damaged during the riots of 2007 .
Currently 52 new design coaches where imported from china at a cost of Rs.4.1 billion.
Pakistan railway carriage factory Islamabad will be manufacture 150 passenger coaches by
June 2013.
New dry port was set up at Prem Nagar near Raiwind industrial area Lahore through public
private partnership at Rs. 494.0 million.

7. Pakistan International Airlines
A restructuring plan of PIA has been finalized which address with corporate governance
human rationalization ,financial and also engineering improvement.
PIA struggling for marketing and flat airport services dispatch reliability among others.
Increased fuel cost has downside risk to financial strength of PIA.
Rout rationalization code have been sharing and alliances are being to a new business.
Reliability will improved through various step including.
Expansion of
reliability
system
Use of reliability
tools
Standardized
data of exchange
on maintenance

8. Pakistan International Airlines continue….
PIA corporation earned increased revenue amounting to Rs. 116.2 billion in year 2011 as
compared to Rs. 107 billion last year.
Passenger revenue is increased up to Rs. 7.76 million .
New destination including Zahedan and Medina also added to increased in increasing revenue .
A purchase of five Boeings 777 has been signed and has installed at the PIA center Karachi on
October 30, 2011.
Flight simulator has to improve training standers, better coordination and planning.

9. New destination have
been introduced during
year 2011.
Karachi Medina
Twice weekly
July 2011
Quetta Zahedan
Twice weekly Jan
2011

10. PIA new routes 2011
Sialkot
Riyadh Dammam
Peshawar
Kuala Lumpur

11. Pakistan National
Shipping
Karachi Port Trust
Gwadar Port
Port Qasim
Authority
Ports and
Shipping

12. Karachi Port Trust (KPT)
The Karachi Port Trust came into being under the 1886 Act.
With the length of 11.5 KM and dept of 12 meters and a turning basin of 600 meters .
It provides safe movement of a ships up to 75,000 metric tones death weight
The KPT consists of two wharf east and west east wharf has 17 multipurpose berths and west
wharf has 13 berths.
Each has two dedicated container terminals and oil piers handle liquid cargo.
The KPT handle 27.8 million tones of a cargo during the first 9 months of current year.

13. Gwadar Port
The Gwadar port was started on the 20 of march 2007 and commercial operation from
March 2008.
The government has to decide to import all bulk cargo such as the wheat ,Urea and coal through
Gwadar port.
The total cargo handled at the port up to till now is 4.1 million tones.
Gwadar port has earned total revenue since it start of operation amounting to Rs. 53.4 million.

14. Port Qasim Authority
Port Qasim Authority was established in 1973 as a second deep sea port of Pakistan .
Port Qasim handled around 40 % shipping of requirement of the country.
It deals a cargo volume of 19.7 million tones during July – March 2011-12.
The volume of cargo imported during 2011-12 stood at 14.7 million tones .
While the exports handled during the same period was 4.9 million tones.