Port terminal operations cost contribution to the supply chain
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Transnet Port Terminals' contribution to supply chain costs is relatively low. The World Bank report found that Transnet's port charges and terminal handling fees combined make up only 15.6% of the total cost of exporting a container from Johannesburg to Rotterdam. Inland transportation and handling costs are much higher, accounting for 60% of total supply chain costs. Compared to other countries, South Africa's port charges are around 12% lower than the global average. While it is expensive to trade from South Africa due to its distance from major markets, Transnet's fees are competitive internationally and not a primary contributor to high supply chain costs from South Africa.
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Port terminal operations cost contribution to the supply chain
- 1. Heading heading heading DateTransnet Port Terminals Contribution to the Supply Chain Cost - 3 September 2015
- 2. 22 • Introduction • Transnet SOC Ltd • TPT’s Contribution to SC Cost • McKinsey report on SA’s Big 5 Bold Priorities for Inclusive Growth • Transnet’s Market Demand Strategy • World Bank’s Report on Doing Business Across Borders • University of Antwerp ITMMA and Gain’s report on Sea Transport • International Terminal Handling Charges from Hamburg Süd website • Ports Regulator Global Port Pricing Comparator Study • Conclusion
- 3. PAGE TRANSNET STATE OWNED COMPANY LTD 33
- 4. PAGE Sishen Mosselbaai LESOTHO Johannesburg Gg Port Nolloth TRANSNET OPERATES AN INTEGRATED PORT, RAIL AND PIPELINE NETWORK 4 Saldanha Bulk (Export iron ore), Breakbulk Cape Town Containers, Breakbulk Ngqura Containers East London Containers, Breakbulk, Agri-Bulk, Automotives Richards Bay Bulk (Export coal, magnetite, Chrome) Breakbulk Durban Containers, Breakbulk, Agri-Bulk, Automotives Port Elizabeth Containers, Breakbulk, Bulk, Automotives 20,500 Km Rail Network 220 Million Tons of cargo 4.7 Million TEU 18 Billion Liters of fuel Port Infrastructure • 18 container berths • 5 automotive berths • 27 dry bulk berths • 37 break bulk berths • 16 liquid bulk berths 4
- 5. 5 OUR TERMINALS TRANSNET PORT TERMINALS 16 Port Terminals across South Africa: - 4 Container Terminals with a total of 8m TEU capacity (96% market share) - 3 Bulk Terminals with 89m Tonnes combined capacity (52% market share in dry bulk – 0% liquid bulk) - 3 Automotive Terminals (100% market share of newly build) - 6 Break-Bulk Terminals with 19m Tonnes capacity (69% market share) 5
- 6. 6 PORT OF DURBAN Third busiest port in Africa in terms of container through-put. 58 Berths. 40 commercial vessels berthed at any given time. Busiest port in Africa in terms of vessel calls (4000+ pa). 80 million tons of cargo 60% of all container imports and exports through the port of Durban 120,000 Trucks, 140,000 Cars and 200,000 Pedestrians pm Durban is SA’s second most important economic complex Total land and water area of 1 854 ha. The distance around the port is 21 km. Rail tracks total 302 km Third busiest container port in the Southern Hemisphere Focus on Containers, Cars, Liquid Bulk and Cruise Industry 6
- 7. 7 WHAT MUST SA DO TO REVERSE THE TRENDS 7Source: McKinsey report on SA’s Big 5 Bold Priorities for Inclusive Growth Sept 2015 South Africa is in the top quarter of countries in the world in terms of ease of doing business. (Positioned 43rd out of 189 countries).
- 8. 8 WHAT MUST SA DO TO REVERSE THE TRENDS 8Source: McKinsey report on SA’s Big 5 Bold Priorities for Inclusive Growth Sept 2015
- 9. 9 HOW TO IMPROVE SUPPLY CHAIN INFRASTRUCTURE 9Source: TPT Growth Strategy, Market Demand Strategy.
- 10. 10 HOW TO IMPROVE SUPPLY CHAIN INFRASTRUCTURE 10Source: TPT Growth Strategy, Market Demand Strategy.
- 11. 11 COMPETITIVE SUPPLY CHAIN 11 How did companies cut Supply Chain Costs in the past? • Cut Headcount • Close Offices/Locations • Consolidate • Reduce Benefits Global trends indicate that there has been a shift in competition from competitive advantage (where ports could compete on strategic location and country’s factors of endowments) to competitive supply chain (globalization has made it possible to source goods from anywhere in the world).
- 12. 12 HOW TO REDUCE SUPPLY CHAIN COST 12 What are the options for TPT as State Owned Company? • Supply Chain Risk Management Assessment • Work with Suppliers on cost reduction • Eliminate waste (actual waste such as energy and non-value added-activities) • Technology (Intelli-Port) • Business Process Improvement (Lean, Six Sigma) • Logistics cost and efficiency (sea freight time vs. cost, container load percentage) • Best people, procedures, communication TPT also recognises that time is a cost. Our investment in Durban's Container Terminal has seen it ranked as Africa's most productive port by a major shipping line calling our ports. The same report ranks Maputo as 31st. Source: TPT Growth Strategy, Market Demand Strategy.
- 13. 14 THE COST OF EXPORTING 1 TEU CONTAINER from Johannesburg to Rotterdam according to the World Bank 14 According to the World Bank report on trading across borders found at http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across- borders/ only $285 of the $1,830 it costs to export a Twenty Foot container from South Africa is related to port authority’s fees and terminal operators’ terminal handling charges combined. No single port charge can be accurately compared purely by its name, but the World Bank’s report is generally accepted as a standard across the world comparing the cost of exporting a single container from the countries’ economic hub to its major port. Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/
- 14. PRICING: COMPONENTS OF TOTAL CONTAINER SUPPLY CHAIN COSTS Transnet’s cost contribute only around 15.6% to total supply chain cost. The World Bank’s calculation includes all fees charged by government agencies and the private sector to a trader in the process of exporting/importing goods. - The charge for completion of documentation (19.4%) is more than what Transnet charges for bringing a ship into port, off-loading it’s contents, storing it for 3 days and loading it on a train or truck for transport. - Customs fees constitute about 5% of total supply chain costs - Transnet’s contribution to supply chain cost consist of: - Cargo dues by the port authority (9%) for bringing a ship into port, mooring it and taking it safely back out to sea - Port Terminal charges (6.6%) for lifting a container off a ship, moving it into a stack, storage within the port terminal for 3 days and loading it onto a train or truck. - Inland transportation and handling from Gauteng (60%) is 4 times as much as port costs 15 Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/
- 15. 16 WORLD BANK REPORT 16 Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/ at an exchange rate of R11.20 Documents preparation Customs clearance and inspections Port's Cargo Dues Terminal Handling Charge Inland transportation and handling Total Supply Chain Costs $355 $90 $165 $120 $1 100 $1 830 R3 977 R 1 008 R 1 848 R 1 343 R 12 320 R20 496 19.4% 5% 9% 6.6% 60%
- 16. PRICING: PORTS AND TERMINAL HANDLING COST 17 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% Port and terminal handling cost contribution (%) of supply chain costs (excluding sea transport) Exports Imports Average Relative to other countries in the world, South Africa resides on the LOWER AVERAGE with respect to total port costs relative to total supply chain costs It is expensive to trade with South Africa, but port costs are not the largest component of the total supply chain costs Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/trading-across-borders Total port and handling costs relative to the total supply chain costs 27.5% 15.6%
- 17. 18 WORLD BANK REPORT ON COST OF DOING BUSINESS 18Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/ 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 DRC Bangladesh Canada Argentina Brazil Russia Montenegro Nigeria Namibia Angola Australia USA Benin SouthSudan Italy Kazakhstan Mozambique Tanzania France Germany Belgium Iraq NewZealand SouthAfrica Turkey Netherlands Japan India Iran UK Mexico UAE Taiwan Colombia Indonesia Thailand Singapore China Malaysia SaudiArabia $323 ave $285 Total Port charges from TNPA and TPT combined are ~12% lower than the average charged by other Ports across the world.
- 18. 19 WORLD BANK REPORT ON COST OF DOING BUSINESS 19Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/ 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 DRC Bangladesh Canada Argentina Brazil Russia Montenegro Nigeria Namibia Angola Australia USA Benin SouthSudan Italy Kazakhstan Mozambique Tanzania France Germany Belgium Iraq NewZealand SouthAfrica Turkey Netherlands Japan India Iran UK Mexico UAE Taiwan Colombia Indonesia Thailand Singapore China Malaysia SaudiArabia $140 $323 ave $285 China: Fully government funded port development, economiesof scale Total Port charges from TNPA and TPT combined are ~12% lower than the average charged by other Ports across the world.
- 19. 20 WORLD BANK REPORT ON COST OF DOING BUSINESS 20Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/ 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 DRC Bangladesh Canada Argentina Brazil Russia Montenegro Nigeria Namibia Angola Australia USA Benin SouthSudan Italy Kazakhstan Mozambique Tanzania France Germany Belgium Iraq NewZealand SouthAfrica Turkey Netherlands Japan India Iran UK Mexico UAE Taiwan Colombia Indonesia Thailand Singapore China Malaysia SaudiArabia $323 ave $285 Europe: Significant government grants and pricing based on depreciated assets $260 $315 $300$310$345 Total Port charges from TNPA and TPT combined are ~12% lower than the average charged by other Ports across the world.
- 20. 21 WORLD BANK REPORT ON COST OF DOING BUSINESS 21Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/ 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 DRC Bangladesh Canada Argentina Brazil Russia Montenegro Nigeria Namibia Angola Australia USA Benin SouthSudan Italy Kazakhstan Mozambique Tanzania France Germany Belgium Iraq NewZealand SouthAfrica Turkey Netherlands Japan India Iran UK Mexico UAE Taiwan Colombia Indonesia Thailand Singapore China Malaysia SaudiArabia $323 ave $285 America: Financially self funded $400 Total Port charges from TNPA and TPT combined are ~12% lower than the average charged by other Ports across the world.
- 21. 22 WORLD BANK REPORT ON COST OF DOING BUSINESS 22Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/ 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 DRC Bangladesh Canada Argentina Brazil Russia Montenegro Nigeria Namibia Angola Australia USA Benin SouthSudan Italy Kazakhstan Mozambique Tanzania France Germany Belgium Iraq NewZealand SouthAfrica Turkey Netherlands Japan India Iran UK Mexico UAE Taiwan Colombia Indonesia Thailand Singapore China Malaysia SaudiArabia $323 ave $285 South Africa: Financially self funded Total Port charges from TNPA and TPT combined are ~12% lower than the average charged by other Ports across the world.
- 22. 23 TRADE WITH SA IS EXPENSIVE DUE TO DISTANCE FROM WORLD MARKET 23 Source: Update by GAIN on 8 Dec 2014 of a graph done originally in 2009 by Dr Theo Notteboom from the University of Antwerp ITMMA
- 23. 24 WORLD BANK REPORT 24 Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/ Combined with Dr Theo Noteboom’s report Documents preparation Customs clearance and inspections Port's Cargo Dues Terminal Handling Charge Inland transportation and handling Sea-leg from Rotterdam to Durban Total Supply Chain Costs $355 $90 $165 $120 $1 100 $3 321 $5 151 R 3 977 R 1 008 R 1 848 R 1 343 R 12 320 R37 202 R 57 736 6.9% 1.7% 3.2% 2.3% 21.4% 64%
- 24. 25 TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGES 25 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 THC ($ per TEU) Source: Terminal Handling Charges from Hamburg Süd’s website http://ecom.hamburgsud.com/ $215 ave $132 According to a data published on the website of shipping line Hamburg Sud, the terminal handling costs in Durban are among the lowest in the world. The comparison shows that Durban terminal handling charges are the seventh lowest in the world of the ports serviced by the shipping line.
- 25. 26 PORTS REGULATOR GLOBAL PORT PRICING COMPARATOR STUDY 26 For years Transnet has been on the receiving end of undue criticism in the press after a report issued by the Ports Regulator in 2010 regarding Transnet’s tariffs. A statement by the ports regulator in April 2012 refers to people using the information in the previous report to drive their own agenda’s. “It is concerning that previous studies that had been published by the Regulator were almost invariably treated in the following way: • Quoted out of context • Over-emphasis was placed on the prices that were higher than global averages and those lower than global averages were ignored • Copied without appropriate citation and used as “research” by third parties • Not assessed in a sufficiently nuanced manner that allowed correct interpretation of the findings Source: Ports Regulator Global Port Pricing Comparator Study of 1 April 2012.
- 26. 28 SOUTH AFRICA’S PORTS ARE AMONGST THE CHEAPEST IN THE WORLD 28Source: Ports Regulator Global Port Pricing Comparator Study – 01/04/2012
- 27. 29 CARGO DUES LESS THAN GLOBAL AVERAGE 29Source: Ports Regulator Global Port Pricing Comparator Study – 01/04/2012 All vessels face much lower overall costs in RSA ports than the averages in the study, ranging from 26% below the global norm in the case of containers and 57% for iron ore vessels.
- 28. 36 CONCLUSION 36 South Africa is in the top quarter of countries in the world in terms of ease of doing business. (Positioned 43rd out of 189 countries). Transnet has been lambasted in the press for years creating the perception that our ports are amongst the most expensive in the world. This is simply not the case. What is true is that it is fairly expensive to do business from South Africa due to the distance from international markets. Total supply chain cost includes the cost of documentation, customs, road transport and sea transport. The cost of transport, both on land and at sea outweigh port costs by far. Transnet’s port charges contribute only ~15.6% of total supply chain costs. Terminal Handling Charges levied by TPT are ~35% less than THC charged on average charged by the majority of International Terminal Operators. Total Port charges from TNPA and TPT combined are ~12% lower than the average charged by other Ports across the world. Source: http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/south-africa/trading-across-borders/
- 29. 37 COLLABORATION 37 The key ingredients of effective, efficient and competitive supply chains are communication, transparency and collaboration
- 30. 38 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 38 Hamburg Süd website November 2014 World Bank report on Port Charges in Cost of Doing Business study Ports Regulator’s report on Port Authority charges done (2012) Study by New Zealand Business Roundtable on Port Terminal Productivity (2012) Cost of sea leg transport done by GAIN from the University of Stellenbosch (Dec 2014) Distance from Source Dr Theo Notteboom from the University of Antwerp (2009)