This document discusses transportation engineering, highlighting the significance of transportation in facilitating the movement of people and goods, which is essential for economic and social development. It describes four major modes of transportation: roadways, railways, waterways, and airways, detailing their advantages and disadvantages. Road transport is flexible but has safety concerns, rail transport is safe for long distances, water transport is cost-effective but slow, and air transport is the fastest yet most expensive.

1. S.S. AGRAWAL INSTITUTE
OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY

2. TOPIC
TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING

3. NAME ENROLLMENT NO.
 BANDODKAR AMOGH SHANTARAM 161230105002
 PATIL SHUBHAM 161230105047
 CHAUDHARY NITESH AKILESH 161230105004
 GOND JIGNESH 161230105013
 SINGH PAVAN VIJAY 161230105048

4.  Transportation is movement of people, animal,
goods from one location to another.
 Transportation fulfils these basic needs of
humanity.
 Transportation facilities provides the option for
work , shopping, recreation and give access to
health, education and other amenities.
 Transport is a key infrastructure of a country.
 Transportation is vital for the economic
development of any region, since every commodity
produced whether it is food, clothing, agricultural
products , industrial products or medicine.
 Thus , transportation plays a major role in the
development of the human civilization.

5.  Transportation contributes to the economic , industrial,
social and cultural development of any country.
 A country’s economic status depends on its
transportation system.
 The rate at which a country’s economy groups is very
closely linked to the rate at which the transport sector
groups.
 The adequacy of transportation system of a country
indicates it’s economic and social development.
 Thus , transportation system performance can have direct
and significant impact on a range of other dimensions of
development like health and education.

6. There are four major modes of transportation
 Roadways
 Railways
 Waterways
 Airways

7.  Road transport is the transport of passengers
or goods on roads.
 The passengers and the goods have to be
first transported by road before reaching a
railway station or a port or airport.
 The nature of road transportation of goods
depends apart from the degree of
developments of the local infrastructure.
 People are transported on roads either in
individual cars or automobile or in mass
transport by bus or coach.

8.  Roads can be constructed at lower cost than
railways.
 Roads offer quick and assured deliveries.
 Provides good commercial link between cities.
 It offers flexible service, free from schedules.
 It helps in growth of trade and other economic
activities in villages and towns
 It maintains law and order due to free movement
of police and military
 Roads serve as a tool for all forms of development
whether industrial agricultural or trade.

9.  The main disadvantage is that it has poor
record of safety.
 The poor construction and maintenance of
the road increases the running cost of
vehicles.
 It has been a major cause for environmental
pollution.
 Road transport consumes greater energy than
railway.

10.  Rail transport is a mean of conveyance of
passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles
running on rails.
 Railways are safe land transport as compared to
Other forms of transport.
 They are developed for long distance
transportation and urban travel.
 Transportation through railways is advantageous
for both goods and passengers.

11.  It is more faster than the road transportation.
 Railways ca meet seasonal fluctuations in
traffic.
 For long distance travel sleeper class and
upper berths are more comfortable than road
ways.
 They can handle heavier loads at high speeds.
 Transporting food and clothes in times of
emergencies such as floods and famines.
 Thus provides cheap, convenient and safe
mode of transport

12.  They require constant maintenance as the wheels
are rigidly fixed at fixed distance and small change
in distance may cause derailment and serious
accident.
 Initial construction cost of tracks, trains, stations
etc. are high.
 Tracks are reserved only for movement of trains.
 Railways are suitable for specific purposes only.

13.  Water transport is the process of transport that a
watercraft such as boats and ships makes over
water bodies like sea, river etc.
 Waterways include oceans , rivers ,canals and lakes
for movement of ships and boats.
 Transportation by water is possible between the
harbours and ports on the sea routes or along or
along the rivers or canals where inland
transportation is unavailable.

14.  It is the cheapest mode of transport because road and rail
transport will require roads or highways or special tracks
before they are made use of.
 Water transport in modern days is very safe.
 The handling capacity of port and harbours is a major
advantage.
 Higher load carrying capacity for bulky and heavy
commodities.
 It requires cheap motive power for its working.
 It leads to overall development of agriculture , commerce ,
industry and international trade.
 It encourages consumption of foreign goods.
 It has considerably helped industrialization and economic
progress of some countries.

15.  It is slow in speed due to circuitous routes of water and
it consumes more time.
 The mountainous rivers , shoals, rapids and waterfalls
hinder the water transportation.
 It require more time for loading and unloading of
cargo.
 It requires special handling equipments for loading
and unloading of cargo.
 Initial construction cost of ports and harbours is high.
 Fluctuations in water levels increases the maintenance
cost of ships.

16.  It is transportation of goods through air medium.
 It is fastest among the four modes.
 It also provides more comfort apart from using in
transportation time for passengers and goods
between airports.
 Airports and aerodromes are the stations for
movement of passengers and freights.

17.  It is seen that air transport is fastest and is 10-20
times faster than road and railway transport.
 Air transport has a good record of safety.
 It is the most convenient form of transport.
 It does not require any artificial tracks like roadways
and railways.
 It has resulted in tremendous saving in travel time due
to high speeds of aircrafts.
 It provides employment to highly skilled professionals
in the airfield.
 It is also useful in case of floods for dropping food
packets to affected people and also helps in evacuation
of affected people .

18.  Air transport is the most fuel consuming mode of
transport.
 It is the most expensive mode of transport and fares
are highest compared to the other modes of transport.
 Heavy investments are required for the construction of
airports, repair shops, meteorological stations, etc. In
transportation.
 Special training must be given to pilots.
 It can be operated only in favourable conditions.
 Accidents results in great loss of life.
 Small or limited quantity of cargo can be handled by
aircrafts.