This document provides an overview of different modes of transportation including their evolution and key advantages and disadvantages. It begins by discussing early forms of transportation like bullock carts and bicycles. It then covers modern road vehicles, rail transport, water transport, air transport, and pipelines. For each mode, it describes important vehicle types as well as infrastructure required. It highlights advantages like flexibility of road transport but also challenges like high costs and environmental impacts. The document aims to give readers a comprehensive understanding of the transportation sector.

1. GCE REVISION GUIDE
COMMERCE (7100)
PREPARED BY JAIBEE JACOB,
HIDHAYA SCHOOL, NOONU MILADHOO,
REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES

3. Physical movement of
goods and people from
one place to another

5. From where did the story of road
transport and use of wheel
begin?

6. INVENTION OF WHEELS AND ITS
CHANGES OVER THE YEARS

7. BULLOCK CART WITH WOODEN
WHEELS
Cheapest
means of
transport
Used by
farmers in
villages
Very slow

8. BULLOCK CART WITH TYRES
Very slow

9. MACMILLAN’S BICYCLE

10. ORDINARY CYCLE- Personal Use

11. RICKSHAW

12. BIKES ORDINARY USE

13. BIKES FOR RACE

14. VEHICLES USED IN DESERT

15. OLDEST CAR

16. LATEST CARS

17. LATEST CARS

18. ORDINARY BUS

19. AIR CONDITIONED BUSES

20. DOUBLE DUCKER BUS

24. • We can use whenever we want
• We can carry goods for others also
• We can advertise on the vehicles
• But Well established Business should think of
having their own vehicles and when they have
to deliver goods on a regular basis.
• We need large sum of money to own a vehicle
• We have to repair and maintain it
• We have hire a driver and salary must be paid
for his services

25. Remind the consumer In own fleet of vehicles

26. Vans to carry small loads

27. TRUCKS to large loads heavy or light weight

28. TRUCK

29. VEHICLES TO CARRY LIQUID

30. VEHICLES CARRYING CONTAINERS

32. Advantages of using Road Transport
• Flexible timings
• Door to Door delivery only available in road
Transport
• Deliver small loads to many customer to shorter
distance by taking shortest routes.
• Goods are safe under driver supervision
• No elaborate packing required
• Suitable for fragile goods which needs careful
handling
• Cheap for short distance

34. • Construction and maintenance of
Roads all through the routes
• Expensive vehicles
• Chances of Accidents
• Not suitable for rainy seasons and
muddy roads
• Noise and air pollution

36. • More Roads and Bridges
• Latest Engines are used
High Speed
Less Fuel consumption
Vehicles that carry containers

37. BRIDGES FOR TRAINS

38. RING ROADS

39. Ring ROADS connecting various cities to
avoid the traffic within the city

44. Railway lines

46. DIESEL ENGINE

47. GOODS TRAIN

48. GOODS CARRYING COAL

49. GOODS TRAIN CARRYING PIPES

50. GOODS TRAIN CARRYING LIQUID

51. GOODS TRAIN CARRYING LOGS OF
WOOD

52. CRANES USED TO CARRY CONTAINER

53. TRAIN CARRYING CONTAINERS

54. LEVEL CROSSING- Trains are given
more priority over road transport

55. Hi-tech trains

56. RAILWAY TRACKS need to laid through
out the distance

57. RAILWAY STATION need to be
constructed at towns and cities

58. MOUNTAINS CUT AND MADE TO
TUNNEL to make short cut routes

59. U pin road
Settlement
Railway line
Tunnel
Road





60. • Heavy and bulky goods
• For long distance at cheap rates as the cost is
shared by many people or large quantity of
goods
• Trains have limited stops connecting
important towns and cities
• People and goods from other towns reach
railway station by bus or their own vehicle

62. • Follow fixed Schedule- there wont be any
delay; it can be trusted
• It can carry :-
large number of people
large quantity of bulky and heavy goods
Large number of containers
It is faster than road and water transport

64. • Depend on other means of transport to
reach the Railway station
• Heavy Capital expenditure to lay railway
line and Railway station all through the
routes
• Heavy Operating cost
• Not profitable in rural areas

65. OLDEN DAYS TRAMWAYS

66. To carry people during busy hours

67. Latest TRAMWAYSON ROAD & RAIL

68. SLOW MEANS OF TRANSPORT

69. Can be used only where there is
source of water

70. WATER TRANSPORT only where there
is source of water
IslandsBack waters
River River flowing from mountain

71. FERRIES- for daily passengers

72. RO-RO SHIP- vehicles driven in and out

73. RO-RO SHIP HEAVY VEHICLES with
the load

74. Arrangement of Cars in the Deck of ship

75. SHIPS CARRYING CARS

76. CONTAINER SHIP

77. Barges being carried by tuck boat

78. CRUISE LINER LUXURY TRAVEL

79. OIL TANKERS

80. Coastal shipping -along coast

81. Bridges
Boat
Like Dhoni carrying people
For Gravel or sand

82. HOUSE BOATS- Tourism

83. Lets find out………..

84. BEACH ARE SHALLOW – Not deep

85. HARBOUR ALLOW BOATS TO ANCHOR

86. BUSY SEA PORT-monitored and every boat
or ship is given space to use the port

87. LOADING UNLOADING Facilities for
heavy loads

88. Space to keep the containers

89. BONDED WAREHOUSE-for imported
and to be exported goods

90. SHIP REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION

91. MACHINES TO CARRY CONTAINERS

96. Security against Bomb threat

98. RE-FUELING

99. • Administrative Office for booking luggage
• Re-fueling facilities
• Supply of food, water and other essentials
• Providing deep water through dredging (
removal of waste, sand from river bed or sea
bed )
• Security
• Fire and safety devices

101. • It is the most ancient means of transport and
has played a vital role in international trade.
• It is suitable for carrying heavy and bulky
goods over long distances at cheap rates.
• Heavy capital expenditure is incurred for
making ships but cost of running is less.

103. • It is slow so it is not suitable for goods urgently
needed.
• Services are available to limited area only—
where there are sources of water.
• Possibility of delay due to bad weather condition.
• In international trade, there is preparation of
complicated Document, other expenses like
• insurance premium, packaging and storage costs
are very high.

106. • Long runways for landing and take off
• Refueling
• Hangars to store and repair aircraft
• Fire and security
• Facilities for customs and immigration check
• Bonded warehouses
• Cranes and equipments to handle goods

107. Male’ AIRPORT

108. RUNWAY FOR LANDING AND TAKE OFF

109. PROVIDES RUNWAYS

110. LOADING SERVICES

111. UNLOADING SERVICES

112. HANGAR

113. JETS SUPER FAST FLIGHTS

114. HELICOPTER GIVING FOOD PACKETS

115. MONITORING FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS

116. RESCUING PEOPLE

117. • Expensive Construction and maintenance of
Airport
• Expensive Aircraft
• Large number of staff and workers working for
smooth functioning of this Transport system
• Fastest, safe and comfortable means of Transport
for people
• Safe mode for fragile, perishable and light
weighted expensive goods and goods which need
urgent delivery

118. • Heavy Capital Expenditure to buy acres of
land, laying runways construction buildings
etc..
• Expensive vehicles
• Heavy Operating cost
• Affected by weather condition
• Limited carrying capacity

119. • Lounge
• Cafeteria
• Check in facilities
• Conveyor belt to get the luggage
• Prepaid Taxis outside the Airport
• Connected by Railway stations
• Trolleys to carry luggage
• Currency exchange $ to Rufiyaa or $ to Rupees
• Internet facilities

130. PIPELINES FOR LIQUIDS

131. PIPELINES TO CARRY DANGEROUS
LIQUIDS AND GASES

132. • Low operating cost
• Suitable for hazardous liquids.
• Leakage of pipes is dangerous and can stop
the movement of liquids
• High laying cost

134. HARVESTING CUTTING CROPS

135. SPRAYING WATER OR INSECTICIDE

136. ROAD ROLLERSMAKE ROADS

137. TANKERS

138. HOVERCRAFT IN WATER

139. HOVERCRAFT ON LAND

140. Wheels were indeed
Mans biggest
invention.
Think about it!!
The End