The document discusses different modes of transportation including road, rail, air, water, and transportation in general. It provides details on each mode such as types (e.g. cars, trucks, buses for road), advantages (e.g. less capital outlay, door-to-door service, flexibility for road), and disadvantages (e.g. seasonal limitations, accidents, lack of organization for road). The document also defines transportation as the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.

1. Transportation

2. What is transportation
transportation, is the movement of humans,
animals and goods from one location to
another.

3. Types of transportation
There are 5 modes of transportation
1,railways,
2. Roadways,
3. airways,
4 waterways

4. Road transportation
Road transport or road transportation is a type of
transport by using roads. Transport on roads can be
roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and
transportation of people. In many countries licensing
requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation
of the two industries.

5. TYPES OF Road Transportation
1. Cars
2. Trucks
3. Buses etc.

6. Advantages of transportation
Less Capital Outlay:Road transport required much less capital
Investment as compared to other modes of transport such as railways and
air transport. The cost of constructing, operating and maintaining roads is
cheaper than that of the railways. Roads are generally constructed by the
government and local authorities and only a small revenue is charged for
the use of roads.

7. Door to Door Service:
The outstanding advantage of road transport is that it provides
door to door or warehouse to warehouse service. This reduces
cartage, loading and unloading expenses.

8. Flexible service:
Road transport has a great advantage over other modes of transport
for its flexible service
Its routes and timing can be adjusted and changed to individual
requirements without much inconvenience

9. Disadvantages of road transportation
Seasonal Nature:
Motor transport is not as reliable as rail transport. During
rainy or flood season, roads become unfit and unsafe for use.

10. Accidents and Breakdowns:
There are more chances of
accidents and breakdowns in
case of motor transport.
Thus, motor transport is not as
safe as rail transport.

11. Lack of Organisation:
The road transport is comparatively
less organised. More often, it is
irregular and undependable. The
rates charged for transportation are
also unstable and unequal.

12. Air Transportation
Air transportation is the movement of
passengers and Goods by any
conveyance that can sustain controlled
flight.

13. Types of Air transportation
● Commercial Airplanes.
● Helicopters.
● Private planes.
● Blimps.
● Gliders.
● hang gliders.
● Zeppelin.
● parachute.
●

14. Advantages of Air Transportation
(i) It provides fast means of delivering goods.
(ii) It links almost all countries of the world. Aircrafts are not tied to the
surface and have the ability to fly above terrestrial obstacles.
(iii) It is a convenient means of transporting perishables and fragile goods.
(iv) It is suitable for transporting goods of high value.
(v) The risks associated with deterioration and obsolescence of goods is
reduced.

15. Disadvantages of Air Transportation
(i) Cost of operating airlines is very high and so it is not cheap
(ii) It is difficult to carry bulky, awkwardly shaped goods.
(iii) Very risky in case of accident.
(iv) It is controlled by climatic conditions; thus bad weather leads to
uncertainty in its time table.

16. Water Transportation
Water transportation is the intentional movement
of water over large distance

17. Types of Water Transportation
1. Boats
2. Ships
3. Cannels
4. Yachts
5. Pipeline etc

18. Advantages of water transportation
Less Maintenance Cost:
Maintenance cost in rail and road transport is quite high but
maintenance cost of water transport is quite less.

19. Cheap:
The transport channel is quite cheap
as compared rail and road Transport.

20. Helpful in Defence
Development of shipping is essential for the defence of
the country also. It is also called second line of defence.

21. Disadvantages of water transportation
Slow Speed:
More Risky

22. Railway transportation
Rail transport is a means of transferring passengers and goods
on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks.
In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a prepared
flat surface, rail vehicles are directionally guided by the tracks on
which they run.

23. Types of Rail Transportation
● Urban rail transit – overview.
● Rapid transit. High-speed rail.
● Elevated rail.
● Commuter rail.
● Light rail.
● Tramway (or streetcar)
● Funicular (or inclined railway)
●

24. Advantages of rail transportation
Dependable:
The greatest advantage of the railway transport is that it
is the most dependable mode of transport as it is the
least affected by weather conditions such as rains, fog
etc. compared to other modes of transport.

25. Better Organised:
The rail transport is better organised than any
other form of transport. It has fixed routes and
schedules. Its service is more certain, uniform
and regular as compared to other modes of
transport.

26. Cheaper Transport
It is a cheaper mode of transport as compared to other
modes of transport. Most of the working expenses of
railways are in the nature of fixed costs. Every increase in
the railway traffic is followed by a decrease in the average
cost. Rail transport is economical in the use of labour
also as one driver and one guard are sufficient to carry
much more load than the motor transport.

27. Disadvantages of rail transportation
Lack of Flexibility:
Another disadvantage of railway transport is its
inflexibility. Its routes and timings cannot be
adjusted to individual requirements.

28. Monopoly
vAs railways require huge capital outlay, they may give rise to
monopolies and work against public interest at large. Even if
controlled and managed by the government, lack of
competition may breed inefficiency and high costs.

29. Unsuitable for Short Distance and Small Loads
Railway transport is unsuitable and uneconomical
for short distance and small traffic of goods.

30. Thank you