This document says about impact of transportation in travel and tourism industry.

1. TRANSPORTATION ROLE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Travel and Tourismare normallyusedinterchangeablyinnormal conversationsthoughthe twodo
not meanone thing.Eventhoughthe transportindustrygivesthe linkthatisamiddwellingand
destinationregions of tourists,butthe industry'srole asanagentresponsibleformakingtourists
reach these destinationshasbeenconsideredastourism.Tourismworldovercannotexistin
isolationfromtransportandtherefore itcanbe statedin othertermsthat there isa strongpositive
correlationbetweentourismandtransportThe improvementormodernizationof transportor
deteriorationof the same hasa directimpacttourism.The historyof tourismandthat of transport
providesaclearunderstandingof thisshared relationship.Transportationcanbe discussedwithout
takingtourismintoconsiderationbutclearlytourismcannotthrive withouttravel.Transportationis
an essential partof tourismindustryandisprincipallydue tothe improvementsof transportation
that tourismhasexpanded.
Historically,the keytechnical transformationsbroughtaboutbythe industrial revolutiontowards
the endof the 18th century,noformsof motorizedtransportationexistedbythen.Transport
technologywasmainlylimitedtoharnessingof beastsof burdenforlandtransportandto windfor
maritime transport.The transportedoutputvolumeswere verylimitedandsimilarlythe speedat
whichpeople andfreightwere moving.The average overthe landspeedbyhorse wasbetween8 to
15 kilometersperhourandmaritime speedswere scarcelyabovethese figures.Underthose
conditions,itwasstill earlytostarttalkingof tourism, butratherof a beginningof state of mobility
of people.The beginningof the actof goingplacespurelytoexperience the surroundingcanbe
explainedbythe gradual transportimprovementof transporttechnology.Itwasduringthe industrial
revolutionthose massivemodificationsof transportsystemsandconsequentlythatof explorationof
newlandsthat finallygave rise tothe spiritof tourism.
Transportation role in tourism development
Transportationlinksdiverse destinationsandferriespeoplecommoditiesandservicesbetween
these places.Tourismismuchabouttravel andtherefore the role of transportationinitsoperation
isvital.The adventof air travel has shrunkthe worldandthe motorvehicle have made traveling
anywhere apossibilitythisrealitytogetherwithchangingworkpatternsandinnovativemarketing
have propelledinternational masstourismthroughoutthe years.Culpan(1987) identified
transportationmode andmanagementas:“importantingredientof international tourismsystem,”
acknowledgingthatconnectionbyair,seaand landisessential forthe operationsaswell asthe
availabilityof supportserviceslikefuel stations,autorepair,motelsandrestfacilitiesforlandtravel.
Advancesintransportationhave widelyeasedtravel.Withoutfearof contradictionitcanbe
sufficientlystatedthatwidespreadgrowthof nature tourscan be attributedtothe ease and
availabilityof moderntransport.Transportationintourismisjustseenasapart of tourismsystem
for bringingtouriststotheirdestinationsandleavingthose destinationsonce the durationisover.
Page and Lumsdon (2004) agreesthattransportationsystemof a touristdestinationhasanimpact
on the tourismexperience whichexplainshow people travel,theirchoice onformsof holiday,
destinationandtransportmode.The improvementof modesof transportationcoupled withlow
fareshas seenaccessibilityof areasonce seenasoff-the-beaten-pathrise.Accesstoa specific
tourismsite differsaccordingtothe nature of the site,state of infrastructure,andthe efficiencyof
publictransportsystem.Transportpolicies andgovernmentdecisionscanmake arulingon the
destinationsavailable totourists.Failure of publicsectortocope withdemandconcerningtransport
infrastructuresmaymeanlackof tourismdevelopmentinsuchareas.Tourismcanuse different
transportmodes.Car travel isthe most widelyusedandthe mostdominantinthe worldtourism
notablydue toits flexibility,price andindependence withthe availabilityof carsat evencheaper

2. pricesmeansan increase inavailabilityof thismode of transportandhence the growthof tourist
volume.Rail travel isanothertransportmode usedbytourists.Withthe introductionof highspeed
electrictrainsascomparedto the old locomotive steamenginestransportismade fastermore
reliable andcomfortableandthiscontributespositivelytothe tourismsector.Airtransportisthe
mosteffective intermsof speedbutdue tothe highcost onlya small proportionof people
worldwide use it.Longjourneyscanbe made ina minimal time andwiththisatouristcan affordto
visitdifferentplacesinalimitedtime if the costfactoris ignored.
Conclusively,Travelinghasandwill alwaysbe animportantaspectof any givensociety.The
explorerstravel toexperience new frontsintermof geographical regions,tolookfornew markets
and alsoto exploitresources.Tourismasmonetaryactivityischaracterizedbyhighlevelsof
flexibility.Since transportcostsare significantfactorsaffectinginternational transportation,demand
isstronglyaffectedbythe fluctuationsof costs.Therefore we cansaythat transportis the chief
elementinthe tourismindustry.The improvedtransportfacilitieshave stimulatedtourismandin
turn the expansionof tourismindustryhasstimulatedtransport.Accessibilityisthe principal
functionbehindthe fundamentalsof tourismindustry.Airtransportplaysadominantrole inthe
inter-regional transportmovementof touriststhatentailsmovementoverlongdistances.Growth
ratesof global airtrafficare attachedwiththose of international tourism.Tourismbeingdependent
on travel servicesmeansthattravel flowsshouldbe designedinaway to accommodate tourism.
Howeverthisshouldbe givenpriorityconsideringthattourismisincreasinglybecomingaleading
income generatingactivityforthe governmentinmanycountriestoday.Whole communitieswithin
AfricanandEuropeanregionsare dependingdirectlyorindirectlyontourismactivitieslike the
drivers,hoteliers,sculptorsamongothers,thustheirlivesare linkedtotourismdevelopment.The
governmentof anygivencountryforinstance shouldbeginbydecongestingthe tourismtrafficflow
pathwayslike pavingroads,trafficdecongestiononroads,quickissuance of travel documentsand
quickclearance at the airport.Furthermore competitionsamongdevelopingcountriesfortourism
will be anintegral of the improvementintransportsector.A country witha goodtransport
infrastructure will compete favorablywithothersandvice versa.