The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only a limited number of materials to diffuse through its lipid bilayer. During passive transport, materials move by simple diffusion or by facilitated diffusion through the membrane, down their concentration gradient.
General overview of Plasma/ Cell membrane.
Definition of Plasma/ Cell membrane
Structure of Plasma membrane
1. Sandwitch model OR Danielli- Davson Model
2. Fluid mosaic model
Plasma Membrane Proteins
Chemical Composition of Plasma/ Cell Membrane
Movement across the Cell Membrane
Channels through cell membrane
This presentation is all about cell membrane transport. It contain different ways of transport of different substances in and out of cell membrane, along with active and passive mechanism.
Describes the plasma membrane in detail, explains the each major component with its functions.
Transport mechanism across the cell is covered with detailed explanation with examples.
by Dr. N.Sivaranjani, MD
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only a limited number of materials to diffuse through its lipid bilayer. During passive transport, materials move by simple diffusion or by facilitated diffusion through the membrane, down their concentration gradient.
General overview of Plasma/ Cell membrane.
Definition of Plasma/ Cell membrane
Structure of Plasma membrane
1. Sandwitch model OR Danielli- Davson Model
2. Fluid mosaic model
Plasma Membrane Proteins
Chemical Composition of Plasma/ Cell Membrane
Movement across the Cell Membrane
Channels through cell membrane
This presentation is all about cell membrane transport. It contain different ways of transport of different substances in and out of cell membrane, along with active and passive mechanism.
Describes the plasma membrane in detail, explains the each major component with its functions.
Transport mechanism across the cell is covered with detailed explanation with examples.
by Dr. N.Sivaranjani, MD
Transport across cell membrane, CELL MEMBRANERajshri Ghogare
Transport across cell membrane, Active transport, Active transport,
Types of passive transport-Diffusion, Filtration, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion , Types of active transport antiport and symport
Title: Unveiling the Intricacies: A Journey into the World of Cell Membrane
Description:
Embark on a fascinating exploration of the cell membrane with our illuminating SlideShare presentation. Delve into the structure, functions, and significance of the cell membrane, the guardian of cellular integrity. From its fluid mosaic model to its pivotal role in cellular communication and transport, this presentation unveils the intricacies of the cell membrane. Gain a profound understanding of lipid bilayers, integral proteins, and the dynamic interplay that governs cellular processes. Whether you're a student, researcher, or enthusiast, this presentation offers a comprehensive look into the core of cellular biology. Join us in unraveling the mysteries of the cell membrane!
Cell Membrane Transport/Factors/Transport of SubstancesPharmacy Universe
The gradient consists of two parts, the electrical potential and a difference in the chemical concentration across a membrane.
In biological processes, the direction an ion moves by diffusion or active transport across a membrane is determined by the electrochemical gradient.
Generally compound moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration (or concentration gradient). All compounds permeable to the phospholipid bilayer will move this way.
The urinary system, components, the urine formation process, The gross structure of the kidney, Microscope structure of the kidney, Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
There is also the quoricity about the human brain, here is the solution. This presentation give you the knowledge about the nervous system. The introduction about the neurons, neurolgia, synapse,etc.
This presentation gives you the knowledge about the body fluids, blood components, the process of blood clotting, blood grouping. It is helpful to determine the knowledge of human blood.
Introduction to HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYabhay joshi
THIS PRESENTATION INCLUDE THE INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. IT INCLUDE DEFINITATION, STRUCTURAL LEVEL ORGANIZATION, BASIC LIFE PROCESSES AND BASIC ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. PROCESS OF TRANSPORT ACROSS THE PLASMA
MEMBRANE
•Motion of substances in and out of the cell
• Cell membranes are Selectively permeable
• Two Types of Transport Mechanisms:
1. Passive Transport
2. Active Transport
3. Membrane transport
•Passive transport is movement of molecules
through the membrane in which no energy is
required from the cell
• Active transport requires energy expenditure by
the cell
4. 1. Passive Transport
•Passive transport is movement of molecules through the
membrane in which no energy is required from the cell.
• Molecules move in response to a concentration gradient.
- A concentration gradient is a difference between the
concentration on one side of the membrane and that on the
other side.
• Passive transport mechanisms only movement substances
along the concentration gradient.
5. 1. Passive Transport
•Passive transport mechanisms only movement
substances along the concentration gradient:
- Substances move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
6. 1. Passive Transport
•Mechanisms of Passive Transport:
1. Diffusion
- movement of solute molecules from high solute
concentration to low solute concentration
2. Osmosis
- movement of solvent water from high solvent
concentration to low solvent concentration
7. Diffusion
• Diffusion is movement of solute molecules from high
concentration to low concentration.
9. 1.Simple Diffusion
•Substances pass directly through the cell
membrane
• The cell membrane has limited permeability
to small polar molecules, water, and ions
• The motion of water across the membrane is
known as osmosis
10. •The rate (molecules/s) of simple
diffusion depends on the degree of
concentration gradient
• As the gradient reaches equilibrium,
diffusion slows
• At equilibrium, substances pass in and
out of the membrane at equal rates
11. 2.Facilitated Diffusion
•Substances must pass through
transported proteins to get through the
cell membrane.
• The cell membrane is selectively
permeable.
•Carrier proteins bind to the molecule
that they transport across the
membrane.
12. 2.Facilitated Diffusion
•Selective permeability: integral membrane proteins
allow the cell to be selective about what passes through
the membrane.
- Channel proteins have a polar interior allowing
polar molecules to pass through.
- Carrier proteins bind to a specific molecule to
facilitate its passage.
16. 16
2. Active Transport
Active transport
• Requires energy – ATP is used directly or indirectly to fuel active
transport
• Able to moves substances against the concentration gradient - from
low to high concentration
- allows cells to store concentrated substances
• Requires the use of carrier proteins
20. 20
Bulk Transport
• Bulk transport of substances is accomplished by
1. Endocytosis – movement of substances into the cell
2. Exocytosis – movement of materials out of the cell
21. 21
Bulk Transport
• Endocytosis occurs when the plasma membrane
envelops food particles and liquids.
1. phagocytosis – the cell takes in particulate
matter
2. pinocytosis – the cell takes in only fluid
3. receptor-mediated endocytosis – specific
molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor
