1. Serial and parallel transmission are the two fundamental categories of data transmission. Serial transmission sends data one bit at a time over a single medium, while parallel transmission sends multiple bits simultaneously over separate media.
2. Serial transmission is generally better than parallel transmission for long-distance communication. It requires fewer wires, is more reliable with less noise interference, and is more suitable for applications that generate data asynchronously such as voice calls.
3. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) uses serial transmission. It transmits digitized voice data over common serial transmission mediums like coaxial cable and optical fiber.
These slides cover a topic on Terminal handling & polling in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on Terminal handling & polling in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on Virtual circuit & message switching in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking
These slides cover a topic on Introduction to switching & circuit switching in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Certainly! Let's break down the discussion on data communication into several parts. For a comprehensive understanding, we'll cover the basics, protocols, networking, security, and emerging trends. Each part will provide a more in-depth exploration of the topic.
### Part 1: Basics of Data Communication
Data communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more devices through a transmission medium such as cables, optical fibers, or wireless channels. It involves the use of protocols and technologies to ensure the reliable and efficient transfer of data.
#### 1.1 Components of Data Communication
Data communication systems consist of several key components, including:
- **Sender/Transmitter:** Initiates the communication by converting data into a signal.
- **Receiver:** Accepts the signal and converts it back into usable data.
- **Transmission Medium:** The physical path through which data travels (e.g., cables, airwaves).
- **Protocol:** A set of rules governing the exchange of data between devices.
#### 1.2 Types of Data Transmission
- **Analog vs. Digital:** Understanding the fundamental difference between analog and digital signals.
- **Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex:** Exploring the various modes of data transmission.
#### 1.3 Modulation and Multiplexing
- **Modulation:** The process of encoding digital information onto analog signals.
- **Multiplexing:** Techniques for combining multiple signals into a single transmission medium.
### Part 2: Data Communication Protocols
Data communication relies on standardized protocols to facilitate seamless interaction between devices. These protocols dictate the rules for data formatting, error checking, and synchronization.
#### 2.1 TCP/IP Protocol Suite
- **Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP):** Fundamental protocols of the internet.
- **UDP (User Datagram Protocol):** A connectionless protocol for faster data transmission.
#### 2.2 OSI Model
- **Open Systems Interconnection model:** A conceptual framework for understanding network interactions divided into seven layers.
#### 2.3 Wireless Communication Protocols
- **Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC:** Popular wireless communication protocols.
### Part 3: Networking in Data Communication
Networking is a crucial aspect of data communication, encompassing the design, implementation, and management of interconnected systems.
#### 3.1 Types of Networks
- **LANs (Local Area Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks):** Differences and use cases.
- **MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks) and PANs (Personal Area Networks):** Exploring network scales.
#### 3.2 Network Topologies
- **Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Hybrid Topologies:** Understanding how devices are interconnected.
#### 3.3 Network Devices
- **Routers, Switches, Hubs, and Modems:** Roles and functionalities in a network.
### Part 4: Security in Data Communication
As data communication becomes more prevalent, ensuring the security and
These slides cover a topic on Virtual circuit & message switching in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking
These slides cover a topic on Introduction to switching & circuit switching in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Certainly! Let's break down the discussion on data communication into several parts. For a comprehensive understanding, we'll cover the basics, protocols, networking, security, and emerging trends. Each part will provide a more in-depth exploration of the topic.
### Part 1: Basics of Data Communication
Data communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more devices through a transmission medium such as cables, optical fibers, or wireless channels. It involves the use of protocols and technologies to ensure the reliable and efficient transfer of data.
#### 1.1 Components of Data Communication
Data communication systems consist of several key components, including:
- **Sender/Transmitter:** Initiates the communication by converting data into a signal.
- **Receiver:** Accepts the signal and converts it back into usable data.
- **Transmission Medium:** The physical path through which data travels (e.g., cables, airwaves).
- **Protocol:** A set of rules governing the exchange of data between devices.
#### 1.2 Types of Data Transmission
- **Analog vs. Digital:** Understanding the fundamental difference between analog and digital signals.
- **Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex:** Exploring the various modes of data transmission.
#### 1.3 Modulation and Multiplexing
- **Modulation:** The process of encoding digital information onto analog signals.
- **Multiplexing:** Techniques for combining multiple signals into a single transmission medium.
### Part 2: Data Communication Protocols
Data communication relies on standardized protocols to facilitate seamless interaction between devices. These protocols dictate the rules for data formatting, error checking, and synchronization.
#### 2.1 TCP/IP Protocol Suite
- **Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP):** Fundamental protocols of the internet.
- **UDP (User Datagram Protocol):** A connectionless protocol for faster data transmission.
#### 2.2 OSI Model
- **Open Systems Interconnection model:** A conceptual framework for understanding network interactions divided into seven layers.
#### 2.3 Wireless Communication Protocols
- **Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC:** Popular wireless communication protocols.
### Part 3: Networking in Data Communication
Networking is a crucial aspect of data communication, encompassing the design, implementation, and management of interconnected systems.
#### 3.1 Types of Networks
- **LANs (Local Area Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks):** Differences and use cases.
- **MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks) and PANs (Personal Area Networks):** Exploring network scales.
#### 3.2 Network Topologies
- **Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Hybrid Topologies:** Understanding how devices are interconnected.
#### 3.3 Network Devices
- **Routers, Switches, Hubs, and Modems:** Roles and functionalities in a network.
### Part 4: Security in Data Communication
As data communication becomes more prevalent, ensuring the security and
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is an electronic process in which a continuously variable, or analog, the signal is changed into a multilevel digital signal without altering its essential content.
Presentation on DATA COMMUNICATION by Cj SubhamSubham Mojumdar
Data Communication Topic for 5th semester ETC branch.
SKDAV Govt. Polytechnic, Rourkela
CONTENTS:-
(i) Introduction
(ii) Basic Parts of Data Communication
(iii)Data Transmission Types
(iv)Types of Serial Data Transmission
(v)Data Transmission Modes
(vi)Bibliography
(vii)Conclusion
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. ASSIGNMENT NO:
SUBJECT NAME:
TOPIC:
What Is Serial and Parallel Communication?
Which One Is Better And Why?
In VOIP Which Communication Type Is Use?
SUBMITTED TO:
Sir Ammar Yasir Haider Naqvi
SUBMITTED BY:
Faisal Shehzad
ROLL: NO:
SP17-MCS-020
SECTION:
MCS-B12-A
09-April-2017Date:
2. TransmissionModes
Definition: A transmission mode is the manner in which data is sent over the
underlying medium.
Transmission modes can be divided into two fundamental categories:
Parallel Transmission
Serial Transmission
Parallel Transmission
Parallel transmission allows transfers of multiple data bits at the same time over
separate media.
• Itis used with a wired medium
• The signals on all wires are synchronized so thata bit travels across
each of the wires at precisely the same time
3. The figure omits twoimportant details:
1. a parallel interface usually contains other wires that allow the sender
and receiver to coordinate
2. to make installation and troubleshooting easy, the wires are placed
in a single physical cable
A parallel mode of transmissionhas twochief advantages:
1) High speed--itcan send N bits at the same time.
2) Itcan match the speed of the underlying hardware.
Serial Transmission
Serial transmission sends onebit at a time.
Most communication systems useserial mode, because:
• serial networks can be extended over long distances at less cost
• using only one physicalwire means that there is never a timing problem
caused by one wire being slightly longer than another
Sender and receiver must contain a hardwarethat converts data from the parallel
formused in the device to the serial formused on the wire.
Serial transmission mechanisms can be divided into three broad categories
(depending on how transmissions arespaced in time):
• Asynchronoustransmission can occur at any time
• Synchronoustransmission occurs continuously
• Isochronoustransmission occurs atregular intervals
4. 1. Asynchronous Transmission
Asynchronoustransmission allows thephysicalmedium to be idle for an arbitrary
amount of time between two transmissions.
Itis well-suited to applications that generate data at randomtime intervals.
For example:
• a user typing on a keyboard
• a user that clicks on a hyperlink
2. Synchronous Transmission
The Transmission in which Transmission occurs continuously is known as
Synchronous Transmission.
In Synchronous Transmission thereis no gap between the transmissions of two
data items.
In Synchronous Transmission the sender and receiver constantly remain
synchronized.
5. 3. Isochronous Transmission
Isochronoustransmission is designed to providesteady bit flow for
multimedia applications.
Isochronous networks aredesigned to accept and send data at a fixed rate, R.
• This is ideal when delivering such data at a steady rate is essential
(jitter is minimized).
• Network interface is set to transmit/receive exactly R bits per second
Example: An isochronous mechanismdesigned to transfer voice operates at a
rate of 64,000 bps:
• A sender must generate digitized audio continuously
• A receiver mustbe able to accept and play the streamat 64,000 bps
Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Transmission
A communications channel can be classified as one of three types:
1. Simplex: A simplex mechanism can only transfer data in a single direction. Itis
analogous to broadcastradio or television
2. Full-Duplex: Full-duplexallows transmission in two directions simultaneously.
3. Half-Duplex: A Half-duplexmechanism involves a shared transmission medium.
The Shared medium can be used for communication in each direction but the
communication cannot proceed simultaneously.
6. Which one is better among serial and parallel transmission?
Serial transmission is better than parallel transmission because:
1. Serial transmission requires a single line to communicate and transfer data
whereas, parallel transmission requires multiple lines.
2. Serial transmission used for long distancecommunication whereas, the
parallel transmission used for shorter distance.
3. Error and noiseare least in serial as compared to parallel transmission. Since
one bit follows another in Serial Transmission whereas, in Parallel
Transmission multiple bits are sent together.
4. Parallel transmission is faster as the data is transmitted using multiples lines
whereas, in Serial transmission data flows through a single wire.
5. Serial Transmission is full duplex as the sender can send as well as receive the
data whereas, Parallel Transmission is half duplex since the data is either sent
or received.
6. Serial transmission cables are thinner, longer and economical in comparison
with the Parallel Transmission cables.
7. Serial Transmission is reliable and straightforward whereas, Parallel
Transmission is unreliable and complicated.
7. Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR
COMPARISON
SERIAL TRANSMISSION PARALLEL TRANSMISSION
Meaning Data flows in bi-direction,bitby bit Multiplelinesareused to send datai.e.8
bits or 1 byteata time
Cost Economical Expensive
Bits transferred at 1
clock pulse
1 bit 8 bits or 1 byte
Speed Slow Fast
Applications Used for longdistancecommunication. E.g.,
Computer to computer
Shortdistance.E.g.,computer to printer
Which type of Transmission is used in VoIP?
Serial transmission is used in VoIP.
Characteristic impedance
Coaxial cable
Electromagnetic radiation
Electrical cable
Free-spaceoptical communication
Heaviside condition
Loading coil
Molecular communication
Optical fiber
Telegrapher's equations
These mediums are used VoIP and also these are used in serial transmission.
So we say that VoIP is used serial transmission.
8. REFERENCES
1. https://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/Class/e91/Lectures/E91(10)Serial.pdf
2. www.fmf.uni-lj.si/~ponikvar/.../SerialCommunication-RS232.pdf
3. courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse477/02sp/ppt/MicrocontrollersIII.pdf
4. https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ah
UKEwj3sPO0ypTTAhXCfRoKHfCQB6IQFggcMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fume.gatech.edu%2Fmechatronics
_course%2FSCI_S05.ppt&usg=AFQjCNFERfsaYnj4CpyK7OYLLsoo_04ZVw&bvm=bv.152180690,d.d2s
5. https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ah
UKEwj3sPO0ypTTAhXCfRoKHfCQB6IQFggXMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmeasure.feld.cvut.cz%2Fen%2Fsy
stem%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fen%2Feducation%2Fcourses%2Fxe38mip%2FLecture_10__Serial_Communicati
on__Rv01.ppt&usg=AFQjCNGbSqgbxYb1UEb7Zk5qpo6MEumS3g&bvm=bv.152180690,d.d2s
6. http://keshi.ubiwna.org/2015IotComm/Wireless_Communications_&_Networking_Stallings_2nd.pdf
7. http://pages.di.unipi.it/bonuccelli/11-Datacommunication.pdf
8. http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~pszgtr/G64INC/L6TransModes6PerPage.pdf
9. http://cis.bentley.edu/jgorgone/cs340/a/pdf/transmode.pdf
10. http://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/ifi/INF1060/h14/undervisningsmateriale/datacom-01.pdf
BOOKS REFERENCES
1. Stallings,William.(2000) Data and Computer Communications, 6th ed. Upper Saddle River,NJ: Prentice
Hall.
2. Maples,T.B. (2005) Computer Networks and Internets, 5th Ed. CaliforniaStateUniversity: Long Beach.
3. Douglas,E. (2009) Computer Networks and Internets, 5th Ed. Upper SaddleRiver, NJ: Pearson Education
Inc.
4. Andrew S. Tanenbaum. (2010) Computer Networks, 5th Ed. Indian International Ed.Prentice Hall.
5. Behrouz, A. (2007) Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed. New York, NY 10020: McGraw-Hill
Companies Inc.
