This document discusses tractor safety hazards and how to operate tractors safely. The five key mechanical hazards are roll-overs, run-overs, PTO hazards, mounting/dismounting, and noise. The five human factors that contribute to hazardous operation are risk taking behavior, insufficient training, physical limitations, impaired functions, and psychological limitations. The three main environmental hazards are broken ground, sloping ground, and climatic influences. The document provides guidance on controlling risks from each of these hazards.
Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Routine maintenance involves complete replacement of equipment based on time intervals without any inspections. This is also a common maintenance strategy applied to industrial equipment, for example, for the replacement of filters and wearing components
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Routine maintenance involves complete replacement of equipment based on time intervals without any inspections. This is also a common maintenance strategy applied to industrial equipment, for example, for the replacement of filters and wearing components
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
These slides explains more about equipment used on sowing and planting various seeds and germinated plants with different sowing methods. Consists of drawings and real pictures for more understanding.
Tamil Nadu, Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural Machinery Training Centre, Tiruchirapalli,Training on Newly Developed Agricultural Machinery & Equipments,(Past & Present) - An 'U' Turn Look by Coomarasamy. C, Formerly EE, AED
Introduction
Crop planting operation is the art of placing seed in the soil to obtain good germination and crop stands.
A perfect sowing gives
Correct amount of seed per unit area.
Correct depth of sowing
Correct spacing between row-to-row and plant to plant.
Correct seed rate
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
The main purpose of this presentation is give knowledge and mechanism and also parts of combine harvester. When we are Agricultural engineers and then combine harvester is very important for us.
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Find the List of Best Farm Tractors in the World at Tractor Agriculture. We are single point destination for all your Tractor Research related tasks.
http://www.tractoragriculture.com/best-farm-tractors-in-the-world/
If you need to find particular information regarding a specific Tractor Brand, then you can get all the related information here.
http://www.tractoragriculture.com/
These slides explains more about equipment used on sowing and planting various seeds and germinated plants with different sowing methods. Consists of drawings and real pictures for more understanding.
Tamil Nadu, Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural Machinery Training Centre, Tiruchirapalli,Training on Newly Developed Agricultural Machinery & Equipments,(Past & Present) - An 'U' Turn Look by Coomarasamy. C, Formerly EE, AED
Introduction
Crop planting operation is the art of placing seed in the soil to obtain good germination and crop stands.
A perfect sowing gives
Correct amount of seed per unit area.
Correct depth of sowing
Correct spacing between row-to-row and plant to plant.
Correct seed rate
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
The main purpose of this presentation is give knowledge and mechanism and also parts of combine harvester. When we are Agricultural engineers and then combine harvester is very important for us.
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Find the List of Best Farm Tractors in the World at Tractor Agriculture. We are single point destination for all your Tractor Research related tasks.
http://www.tractoragriculture.com/best-farm-tractors-in-the-world/
If you need to find particular information regarding a specific Tractor Brand, then you can get all the related information here.
http://www.tractoragriculture.com/
This presentation will provide you with in insight of what is tractor hydraulics and what are the different parts of a tractor involved and how can it be controlled
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Proper forklift training is important for avoiding property damage, injury, or even death. But - are your trainers passing along the right knowledge when it comes to safety? Trainers who will be training your forklift operators are essentially the last line of defense in stopping untrained or unskilled operators from operating a forklift. This course trains the trainer, making sure safety remains a cornerstone of your operations.
Attendees who complete this training will receive certification and will be able to train and certify other operators to OSHA standard.
The law states you must have a current Forklift Operation Certification
to operate a forklift while on the job. We take you step-by-step through our easy to follow 1 to 2 hour training right on your computer. Upon competition of the course you will be in compliance with osha safety logo laws.
Don't sit in a classroom to get your certification. If you have a computer with an internet connection you can take our course anywhere. GOT A PRINTER? Print your Forklift Certificate immediately upon course competition. You can also print the PowerPoint presentation, Safety Regulations and Rules Report, Field Test and Checklist and the Answers you need to know for Certification.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Characteristics of different types of
tractors
• Two-wheel drive
• Four-wheel drive
• Front wheel assist
• Articulated tractors
• Steering systems
• Other variations
8. Mechanical hazards
Most tractor-related deaths are the result of
mechanical hazards
A mechanical hazard is any “machine” factor that may
put the operator and bystanders at risk of injury.
The 5 key mechanical hazards are :
• Roll-overs
• Run-overs
• PTO hazards
• Mounting/dismounting
• Noise
9. Tractor Run Over
A major source of injury is falling off and being run over by
the tractor and/or the equipment that they are pulling.
These accidents can be caused by:
• Being thrown off when running over a
hidden hole, ditch or stump
• Passengers falling off
• Starting the tractor while standing
beside it on the ground
• Slipping on steps or platform while
mounting or dismounting
11. Only ever start
the tractor
while sitting in
the operator’s
seat
Never attempt to
start or operate
the tractor while
standing on the
ground
12. Mount and
dismount
stationary
tractors only.
Use the safe
access platform
Never attempt to
mount or dismount a
moving tractor.
Always shut off the
engine and apply the
parking brake before
dismounting the
tractor
13. Do not jump
off the
tractor
Wear work
boots in good
condition with
non-slip soles
15. Always check the
immediate area for
bystanders before
starting the
tractor.
Always wear the
seat belt when
operating the
tractor. Use of the
seat belt with an
approved ROPS
maximises driver
protection
16. Be constantly on
the lookout for
hazards such as
stumps and low
hanging branches.
They may dislodge
the operator form
the tractor seat.
17. Tractor roll overs
The main causes of tractor sideways roll overs
are:
• Traversing a steep slope
• Cornering too sharply or too fast
The main causes of back flip roll overs are:
• Driving off in low gear but with high engine
speed
• Rapid acceleration (particularly when driving
uphill or pulling a heavy load)
• attempting to drive forward when the wheels
are unable to move forward (bogged)
• Rapid engagement of the clutch
18. To control the risk of tractor roll over – use
Roll-over Protection Structures (ROPS)
Two post – standard protection,
for general field work
Four post – standard protection,
for general field work
19. Fold-down – for orchard or
confined works, such as
undercover parking and
glasshouses
Enclose cab – standard
protection, for general field
work. Controlled environment;
controls climate, comfort and
noise
20. The ROPS is designed so that most roll-overs cannot roll over more than
90 °.
The safety triangle shown in the picture shows where the driver can be
safely protected of the tractor rolls over. If the driver wears a seatbelt
and hangs on tightly to the steering wheel, there is a good chance of
remaining within the safety triangle if the tractor rolls over.
21. Sideways rollovers
Tipping axis
The tipping axis is the line that the tractor
pivots about when it tips over. In a trawler
tractor this is the outside edges of the
track.
22. Look at the diagram to see the
tipping axis of a wheeled tractor
23. Centre of gravity
This is the point where all parts of the tractor balance.
The position of the centre of gravity changes of any
implement as added, removed or changes position.
26. Rearward roll overs
(back flips)
Rear axle torque
This is the transfer of energy between the engine and
the rear wheels of the tractor. If the rear wheels
can’t move (as when bogged) the tractor can flip over.
27. Drawbar
leverage
This describes the
forces trying to pull
the tractor rearwards
when it is towing or
pulling an object. The
effects on tractor
stability vary according
to the weight, draft,
hitching point used,
resistance to movement
and angle of pull
28. Tractor
ballasting
Some implements can impose
heavy downward forces on
the tractor drawbar. This
causes additional weight to
be added to the rear of the
tractor and increase the
weight transfer.
Cast iron weight or water in
the tyres can act as a
tractor ballast to counteract
this weight transfer,
The main purpose of tractor
ballasting is to reduce wheel
slip and increase tyre
traction. Adding weight to
the front increases steering
stability.
When adding ballast, do not
exceed the manufacturer’s
recommendation.
29. PTO hazards
Accidents involving entanglement can occur with
the PTO when
• Shields that cover the PTO shaft are missing
or damaged.
• attempting to service, adjust or clean a PTO
driven implement when the PTO is still engaged
• While attempting to step over an operating
PTO shaft
• By operating the PTO at the incorrect speed
• When the telescopic portion of the implement
PTO shaft separates and allows the powered
end to flail about and injure those nearby
30. Prevent PTO accidents
• Keep all components of PTO
systems shielded and guarded
• Regularly test PTO master guard
and shaft guards by spinning and
rotating them, to ensure they
have not become stuck to the
shaft.
• Disengage PTO and shut off
engine BEFORE dismounting to
clean, repair, service, or adjust
machinery.
• Keep universal joints in phase,
always use the PTO shaft
recommended for your
machinery
31. • Walk around tractors and machinery.
Never step over a rotating shaft
32. • Position the tractor’s draw bar properly
for each machine used
• Reduce PTO shaft damage by avoiding
tight turns that pinch rotating shafts
between the tractor and machine
• Keep excessive telescoping to a minimum
• Engage PTO gradually
33. Don’t operate the
PTO universal
joints past 30°
because the
universal may be
damaged or lock.
34. Get on and off the tractor safely
• Keep steps and
platform clean
and dry
• Wear heavy tread
nonslip type work
boots
• Keep three points
of contact
35. Mount and dismount
safely
•Always face the tractor
when mounting and
dismounting
•Never jump from the
tractor; you could catch your
clothing on pedals, levers or
other protruding parts
•use handrails, handholds and
steps to pull yourself up to
the operator’s platform. Try
to keep three points of
contact on the machine –
either two hands an done
foot, or two feet and one
hand
36. Always ensure the
tractor is in
neutral, clutch
depressed and
handbrake applied
before starting the
engine.
Be aware that the
use of jumper leads
may bypass neutral
start switches.
37. Protect your
hearing
•Deafness caused by noise
if permanent, however it
is preventable
•Dangerous noise levels
are greater that 85dB
over an 8 hour period and
any noise levels above
115dB
To prevent ear damage
•Purchase equipment with
the lowest noise rating
•Regularly inspect and
maintain tractors and
farm machinery
•Use personal hearing
protection to reduce noise
to a safe level
38. Human factors – the risks
The five human factors that may
contribute to hazardous tractor
operation are:
• Risk taking behaviour
• Inadequate safety training
• Physical limitations
• Impaired function
• Psychological limitations
39. Risk taking behaviour
•Poor safety attitude
•Excessive speed
•Carrying of passengers
•Taking shortcuts
Insufficient safety training
•Unsafe work practices (eg incorrect
hitching)
•Poor guarding of machinery (ROPS and
PTO guards)
•Lack of awareness of hazards and their
control options
Physical limitations
•Age
•Reaction time
•Strength
•Body size
•Vision
•Hearing
40. Impaired body function
•Fatigue
•Effects of drugs, alcohol and
tobacco
•Chemicals
•Illness
•Environmental effect on the body
(temperature and humidity)
Psychological limitations
•Personality
•Temperament
•Anxiety and stress
•Apathy
•Preoccupation
•Anger and frustration
41. Environmental hazards
During tractor operation, there are three
key environmental hazards:
• Broken ground
• Sloping ground
• Climatic influences
42. Travelling on
broken ground
•Travel slowly so you can
safely negotiate any
hazard
•Watch out for creeks
and gully banks. They can
collapse under the weight
of the tractor if you drive
too close. As a general
rule, never drive any
closer to the bank that
the gully is deep.
•Have a good look and
mark hazards in the
paddock: stones, stumps,
logs, gullies, wash-outs
and creek beds.
43. Travelling on sloping
ground
Tractors have a high centre of
gravity and are relatively
unstable on sloping ground. High
speed combined with slope
multiplies the risk.
The risk of overturn is
increased when objects are
struck when crossing hill slopes.
To control the risk:
•Set wheels as wide as possible
and carry loads as low as
possible
•Always reverse up a steep hill.
This positions the tractor in its
most stable position.
44. •Go slowly across slopes
Make turns as gradual and
slowly as possible
•Keep off-set implements
on the up-hill side of the
tractor where possible
•Monitor the ground for
obstructions and
depressions so you can
avoid then when travelling
across slopes.
45. Climatic influences
Hot and humid weather may expose the
driver to heat stress, sunburn or heat
stroke, leading to an increase in
accident rates.
In cold conditions the operator need to
wear bulky clothing which may restrict
movement and are more likely to become
caught in machinery parts.
46. Controlling climatic risks
• Drink adequate water
• In hot weather use a tractor with a
shade canopy or preferably an air
conditioned cab
• Cover-up with a long sleeve cotton shirt
with collar, broad brim hat, sun screen
and sunglasses
• Wear clothing that is close fitting to
avoid catching on machinery.
47. Tractor safety Summary
The 5 key mechanical hazards are:
• Roll-overs
• Run-overs
• PTO hazards
• Mounting/dismounting
• Noise
The 5 key human hazards are:
• Risk taking behaviour
• Inadequate safety training
• Physical limitations
• Impaired function
• Psychological limitations
The 3 key environmental hazards are:
• Broken ground
• Sloping ground
• Climatic influences