Content: 1. WHY FARM MACHINERY ACCIDENTS OCCUR 2. SAFETY STANDARDS FOR AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS AND IMPLEMENTS 3. PRECAUTIONARY METHODS BEFORE OPERATIONS 4. IDENTIFYING HAZARDS COMMON ACCIDENTS DURING TRACTOR OPERATION 5. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ON ACCIDENTS OF TRACTOR

1. G
R
O
U
P
ALCORAN, LENDON
BACTAT, YVI
CANTUTAY, FEBIE ANN
DIVINAGRACIA, DIA
LAURENTE, JENARD
RUBIO, ERWIN
SOLON, KHEVIN LOU
1

2. •An emergency is a serious, unexpected, often
dangerous situation that requires immediate
action. The emergency procedure is a plan of
actions to be conducted in a certain order or
manner, in response to an emergency event.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3. WHY FARM
MACHINERY
ACCIDENTS
OCCUR

4. Common attitudes or beliefs that are related to
unsafe working conditions are:
•It can’t happen to me.
•When my number is up, it’s my turn.
•I’ll just take one more chance.
ATTITUDE
CAUSES OF FARM MACHINERY ACCIDENTS

5. Children Near Operating Machines
Until children are large enough, mature enough, and
can be trained to operate machinery, they should not be
allowed on or near equipment while it is in operation.
Clothing
Only properly fitted work clothing should be worn
while operating farm equipment; no loose fitting clothes.
CAUSES OF FARM MACHINERYACCIDENTS

6. Communication
Use of hand signals is becoming increasingly
important as more farmers buy noise-reducing cabs with
tractors and self-propelled implements.
Hurry
By not rushing through jobs, a worker has more time
to think and plan ahead, which reduces accidents because
there is more time to identify hazardous situations.
CAUSES OF FARM MACHINERYACCIDENTS

7. Housekeeping
Accumulations of debris should be removed so that the
farmstead buildings, and fields become safer places to work.
Improper Use of Machinery
When human judgment (or error) forces a machine
beyond its designed capability limits, a machine
operator is in a hazardous position, because the
machine does not function efficiently.
CAUSES OF FARM MACHINERYACCIDENTS

8. Fatigue
– Because reaction time increases with increased
fatigue, the risk of personal injury also increases.
–Machinery operators need an adequate amount of rest
and should alternate jobs during the day.
CAUSES OF FARM MACHINERYACCIDENTS

9. SAFETY
STANDARDS FOR
AGRICULTURAL
TRACTORS AND
IMPLEMENTS

10. ALWAYS FOLLOW OPERATOR’S MANUAL
& POSTED INSTRUCTIONS

11. •All tractors and implements shall be equipped with slip-resistant
steps and handholds.
•Shielding shall be provided on the back of steps and ladders near
moving parts.
•To minimize the possibility of falling off of equipment handholds,
handrails, guardrails, or barrier-type safeguards should be in place.
OPERATING AND SERVICING STANDARDS

12. •Agricultural equipment shall have safety signs to alert an
operator and others of the risk of personal injury in normal
operations and servicing.
•The words CAUTION, WARNING, and DANGER, in that
order will indicate degrees of hazards.
•Use IMPORTANT, ATTENTION, or NOTICE for instructional
signs.
SAFETY SYMBOLS

13. Caution signs shall be used only
to warn against potential
hazards or to caution against
unsafe practices. Caution signs
shall have yellow as the
predominant color, black upper
panel and borders, yellow
lettering or "caution" on the
black panel, and the lower
yellow panel for additional sign
wording. Black lettering shall
be used for additional wording.
CAUTION SIGNS

14. Danger signs must be used
only where an immediate
hazard exists. Danger signs
must have red as the
predominant color for the
upper panel, black outline
on the borders and a white
lower panel for additional
sign.
DANGER SIGNS

15. Safety instruction signs,
when used, must be white
with green upper panel and
white letters to convey the
principal message. Any
additional wording on the
sign shall be black letters on
the white background.
SAFETY INSTRUCTION SIGNS

16. PRECAUTIONARY
METHODS
BEFORE
OPERATIONS

17. • Read and follow the manufacturers’ instructions for operation.
General safety suggestions include:
• Don’t remove or modify safety features.
• Ensure that everyone working on the farm is thoroughly familiar with
operating procedures and safety requirements for any machinery they use.
• If needed, replace and fit guards to cover the moving parts of machinery – for
example, a PTO guard.
• Make sure that tractors are correctly ballasted or weighted for particular
jobs.
• Fit a falling object protective structure (FOPS) on the front-end loader.
• Keep a well-stocked, up-to-date first aid kit in an accessible area.
• Always wear appropriate protective and visible clothing.
PRECAUTIONARY METHODS BEFORE OPERATIONS

18. Simple precautions that can prevent accidents with farm
machines.
1. When using any self-propelled machine, before attempting
any adjustments, maintenance, repair, or unclogging
operations, stop the engine and remain in the operator’s seat
until all machine elements have ceased movement.
SIMPLE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS PREVENT ACCIDENTS
2. Keep all safety guards or shields in good repair and in place.

19. 3.Do not allow riders on implements, unless required
for operation or training.
4.Never allow children to ride on or walk close to
moving implements, trailers, or wagons.
5.Never permit any person to walk closer than six feet
beside operating harvesting machinery.

20. IDENTIFYING
HAZARDS

21. • Tools
• Barbed wire
• Barbed wire stretcher
FENCING HAZARDS
• Posts
• Cracked posts
• Postholes
• Clothes

22. • Improper tractor guidance and
control
• Hitching and unhitching
• Excessive or unbalanced loads
• Children playing in and around
wagons (gravity boxes)
• Hydraulic lifts
• Un-level parking
• Loading and unloading
• Cross conveyers
• PTO shafts
WAGON HAZARDS

23. • Load raised too high
• Load raised too high when on un-level ground
• Using loader while tractor is at excessive speed
• Loader dropping at road speed
• Loader used as a ladder
• Tractor with ladder used to drive cattle
• Loader raised
• Loader lifting excessive weight
• Loader used to load straw from top of a pile
• Loading rocks
• Large bales moved on loaders.
• Tractor with power loader in a trench silo
• Riders in loader buckets
• Dismounting tractor with loader raised
TRACTOR LOADER HAZARDS

24. • Excess grain load
• Playing with grain in grain cart
• Walking on top of grain load
• Power lines
• Lift cranks
• Hydraulic lines
ELEVATOR AND AUGER HAZARDS

25. • Changing screens before hammers stop
• Cleaning out supplement dump
• Suffocating from dost of closed bin
• Overloading a grinder
• Shoveling grain into hammer mill
• Improper movement or horseplay
around elevator hopper
• PTO shaft
• Overhead bin spouts
• Guiding bin spouts
• Clothing
GRINDER-MIXER HAZARDS

26. • PTO shaft
• Clothing
• Feeding pickup of baler
• Adjusting twine tension
• Hitching/unhitching hayrack
• Riders on wagons and trailers
• Operating baler at excessive speed
• Uneven loads on bale trailers and wagons
• Children playing in windrows
• Cleaning baler parts while the baler is running
BALER HAZARDS

27. • Clothing
• Falls from steps or platform
• Straw spreader
• Worker stuck in grain tank or unloading auger
• Cleaning combine parts while combine is in operation
• Children playing around combine
• Driving in traffic
• Combine ladders
• Adjusting belts and pulley’s
• Vision obstruction by dust
COMBINE HAZARDS

28. • Clogged picker
• Gathering unit
• Riders in or on wagon
• Hitching or unhitching wagon
• Fuel leaks
• Children playing around
equipment
• Cleaning parts
• Drive chains
CORN PICKER HAZARDS

29. • Fingers caught in sickle as cutter bar
is raised to transport position
• Extra riders
• PTO shaft
• Traveling on uneven ground
• Hitch bolts break as safety
release does not function
CUTTER BAR MOWER HAZARDS

30. • Spectators
• Sharpening blades
• No shields around
equipment and/or
tractor
ROTARY MOWER HAZARDS

31. • Worker crushed under header
• Windrower tips forward when stopping suddenly on steep hillside
• Inexperienced operator drives off road as vehicle approaches
WINDROWER HAZARDS

32. • Worker caught in feed mechanism when cleaning clogged header
• Header falls on worker making adjustments
• Driving beside forage harvester
• Adjusting blower spout
• Sharpening knives
FORAGE HARVESTER HAZARDS

33. • Marker falls on worker
•W orker falls when filling hopper
• Proper safety equipment not in use
• Diesel fuel used for cleaning fertilizer
hopper ignites
PLANTER HAZARDS

34. • Hillside operation of SP high-clearance sprayer
• Platform and steps cluttered
• Misuse of proper personal protective equipment
• Sprayer boom is caught on post
• Operator fills sprayer using toxic insecticide
• High clearance sprayer wheel runs of edge
of truck when loading
• PTO drive
• Children around sprayer
SPRAYER HAZARDS

35. • Operator caught between tractor
and machine being mounted
• Hydraulic cylinder disconnects with
gangs raised
• Parallel links not correctly secured
• Gangs drop on operator working
under machine
• Spring trip shank crushes hand of
worker when manually adjusting trip
• Shank falls from front mounted
machine
CULTIVATOR HAZARDS

36. • Extra riders
• Hydraulic coupler removed with wheel disk in transport position
• Wheel disk rolls after hitch pin is removed
• Extension gang improperly supported
• Operator moves hydraulic lever to raise transport wheels
• Children around disk harrow use
DISK HARROW HAZARDS

37. • Hitch too short
• Drawbar hitch raised too high to help trash flow
SPIKE TOOTH HARROW HAZARDS

38. • Machine left in raised position
•Automatic reset button strikes operator attempting to clear
obstruction manually
• Operating on slopes
• Tractor not equipped with correct weights
• Tractor wheels not set at correct width
PLOW HAZARDS

39. COMMON
ACCIDENTS
DURING
TRACTOR
OPERATION

40. Hazards associated with using tractors on farms include :
• Tractor rollover
• Tractor power take offs (PTOs)
• Hydraulics
• Mixer Wagon and
Self-Unloading
Wagon Entanglements
• Operator skills
• Noise
• Tractor Run-over
COMMON ACCIDENTS DURING TRACTOR OPERATION

41. Injuries from tractor overturns vary
considerably. Victims usually suffer
crushing injuries to the head, chest,
or pelvic areas. Torso injuries range
from broken ribs to a crushed chest,
with the possibility of a collapsed
lung. Broken legs and arms and
severe lacerations are also common.
The extreme weight of the tractor
resting on top of the victim and the
extended time it may take to remove
the tractor contribute to the high
incidence of fatalities in these cases.
TRACTOR ROLLOVER

45. The risk of tractor run over is always present
wherever tractors are working. Injuries
associated with tractor run over are generally
severe. This is due to the weight of the tractor
and the nature of associated implements by
which the victim is also frequently run over.
Examples of associated equipment include
slashers, rotary hoes, trailers, chisel and disk
ploughs. Deaths from tractor run over are
becoming more common and often results
from crush injury to the head and upper body.
Deaths from tractor run over are a special risk
for older farmers.
TRACTOR RUN-OVER

46. An unprotected revolving PTO
driveline that catches a victim’s
clothing or hair can rapidly entangle
him or her, with catastrophic results.
Many PTO related entanglements
result in death. They may also
involve amputations, severe
lacerations, and multiple fractures.
Extrication becomes necessary when
a victim’s limb(s) or clothing has
become tightly wrapped around the
driveline. Because heavy bleeding is
likely, the patient should be
monitored for signs of hypovolemic
shock throughout the rescue.
TRACTOR POWER
TAKE OFFS (PTOS)

47. HYDRAULICS
Hydraulic systems reduce the need for
complex mechanical linkages and allow for
remote control of numerous operations. An
engine or motor on a machine with a
hydraulic system drives a hydraulic pump,
which forces oil from a reservoir through
hydraulic lines to a motor or hydraulic
cylinders. Valves of varying design and
complexity control oil flow to operate the
mechanism. Hydraulic systems are used to lift
implements such as plows, change the
position of implement components such as
combine headers or bulldozer blades, operate
remote hydraulic motors, and assist in
steering and braking.

48. MIXER WAGON AND SELF-UNLOADING WAGON ENTANGLEMENTS
The most frequent injuries involving these
wagons result from entanglements in the
PTO driveline or belts, chains, gears, and
other driveline components that are left
unguarded when shielding is not replaced.
Injuries associated with mixer wagons and
self-unloading wagons are diverse. They
range from finger and hand injuries caused
by entanglement in belt and chain drives to
dismemberment resulting from
entanglement in PTO drivelines, beaters,
and mixing augers. The most frequently
reported injuries involve the hand or arm.

50. Tractor engines create lots of noise. Drivers are exposed to
this noise if the tractor does not have a sound-proof cab. If
people drive tractors for a long time, over a number of years,
they can suffer from noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).
NOISE
Hearing injury occurs where the
operator is exposed to damaging
levels of noise. These may be due
to engine noise, and/or radio and
stereo at loud volume.

51. As mentioned previously it is a requirement under the OHS
legislation for employers to provide adequate information,
induction, instruction, training and supervision to employees.
Workers who are unskilled in the work
process and unaware of the safety risks
are at a higher risk of injury and illness
in the workplace and place others at a
higher risk.
OPERATOR SKILLS

52. EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES
ON
ACCIDENTS
OF
TRACTOR

53. TRACTOR ROLLOVER

54. The method used to remove the victim
from under an overturned tractor will
depend not only on the parts of the
victim that are pinned but also on soil
conditions and tractor size. If the
ground is soft, it may be possible to dig
him or her out. Digging under the victim
can reduce the amount that the tractor
must be lifted. Always stabilize the
tractor so that digging will not cause it
to tip or settle and further injure the
victim or endanger rescuers. Stabilizing
the tractor can be done with cribbing,
cabling, or a combination of both.
Once you begin removing the weight of
the tractor from the victim, you must
complete the rescue without setting the
weight back down. Cribbing—adding
support under the lifted machinery—is
essential, whether you dig under a tractor
or lift the tractor to free a victim. Using
sufficient cribbing to support the tractor is
an important safety measure in case the
lifting system fails. If you lift an inch, you
must crib an inch. Leave no room for error.
Digging under the Victim Cribbing

55. Lifting a Tractor
1. Caution: It is critical that the tractor not slip sideways or shift when lifted. Avoid
lifting the tractor any higher than is necessary to extricate the victim. Have
nonessential rescuers stand back at least the length of any lifting cables or chains
to prevent serious injury if cables should break. Lifting is preferred to rolling the
tractor from the victim. When a tractor is rolled by raising one side, the other side
may sink further into the ground and injure the victim even more. If the tractor
must be rolled, careful cribbing will reduce settling of the lower side.
2. You can use high-pressure air bags effectively to lift a tractor. Two bags can be
stacked on top of cribbing for greater height when necessary. It is important for
rescuers to be familiar with the weights of agricultural tractors used in the
community so that they can equip themselves with appropriately sized air bags.
Rescue units that do not have adequate air bag equipment should at least make
cooperative arrangements with neighboring rescue units that can lend additional
lifting resources.

56. 3. Rescue hydraulic lifting units and mechanical jacks of
a 5-ton capacity and up can be used to lift most tractors,
because only a part of the weight must be lifted. Two to
three feet of solid cribbing will likely be required to
allow the jack to reach an axle or other solid part of the
frame. Crib the axle on both sides to prevent the tractor
from rocking onto the victim.
4. As an absolute last resort, lift the
tractor with another tractor or a
wrecker. Caution: This method
offers the least control and may
cause serious injury to the victim or
rescuers if the tractor unexpectedly
shifts or falls or if the lifting system
fails.

57. TRACTOR POWER TAKE OFFS
(PTOS)

58. ESSENTIAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
•Block the implement to ensure firm support throughout the rescue.
•Attempt to telescope the two ends of the PTO shaft apart. It may be
necessary to roll the tractor ahead to slide the stub shaft out of the
front yoke, or to separate the shaft.
•Single-piece PTO shafts may have to be cut or disassembled at either
end to free the victim.
•It may be possible to free the victim by turning the shaft backward.
Under no circumstances should tractor power be used to rotate the
shaft!

59. •Sometimes, it is best to transport a stabilized victim still entangled
with part of the PTO shaft. Extrication can be completed by a
surgeon under hospital conditions.
•All amputated tissue should be transported to the hospital with
the victim.
•Spine and neck injuries are common in PTO entanglements.
Appropriate stabilization procedures must be followed.
•If the accident involves complex or unfamiliar equipment, seek
advice from a local implement dealer. This may prove to be faster
and more efficient than the trial and error approach.

60. HYDRAULICS

61. 1. If a truck or trailer bed has collapsed on a victim, you may have to
remove part of the load before portable jacks can safely lift the bed.
2. Always assume that the entire hydraulic system, including hoses, is
under pressure. The pressure of trapped fluid in hoses and cylinders,
especially on hot days, can exceed 3,000 pounds per square inch
(psi).
3. Hydraulic fluid is flammable. Avoid open flames and sparks if
spilled hydraulic fluid is present. Have a charged fire hose (11⁄2-inch
minimum) or an ABC-type
fire extinguisher close at hand during extrication.
ESSENTIAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

62. 1. After securing the equipment, it may be necessary in some cases to
release the hydraulic pressure in the system in order to move machinery
components so that the victim can be freed.
2. Secure or shore up the equipment before attempting to release the
pressure. Once pressure is released, the total hydraulic system may
become inoperable and parts held by hydraulic pressure may collapse or
change position. In some cases, you may be dealing with a hydraulic system
in a series, which could result in more than one machine operation
occurring when the pressure is released. In a system of this type, releasing
the pressure at one point on a machine may cause unexpected movement
in another part. Secure all components in the transport or raised position.
Some equipment has built-in jacks, locks, or pins for this purpose.
RELEASING HYDRAULIC PRESSURE

63. 4. High-pressure air bags have been used successfully in cases where
hydraulically operated components, including combine headers and
front-end loaders, have collapsed on individuals.
3. If the pressure cannot be released by the controls, try to
disconnect the hydraulic hose at the tractor. Most hydraulic
couplings disconnect by pushing or pulling the sliding collar on the
coupling. The couplings are similar to those found on compressed
air lines. Newer, quick-disconnect couplings can be removed by
simply pulling the coupling from the valve assembly.

64. MIXER WAGON AND SELF-UNLOADING
WAGON ENTANGLEMENTS

65. 1. Shut down any running
equipment. An elevator,
portable auger, silage blower,
or tractor is often used with
self-unloading and mixer
wagons. Turn the equipment
off and remove the key.
Essential Safety Precautions
1. If the victim is only minimally caught or pinched
in the large mixing auger or augers inside the
wagon, first make sure there is no stored energy,
and then disconnect the PTO driveline from the
tractor. After the PTO is disconnected from the
tractor, use a large pipe wrench or pry bar to
slowly turn the PTO clockwise. Face the wagon to
determine which direction is clockwise. Often you
can disconnect the PTO driveline from the tractor
and turn it at right angles to use as a lever to
reverse the mixing auger mechanism. Never use
power from the tractor to free the victim. If you
cannot turn the driveline, trace the drivetrain.
Look for hinges and latches that allow housing or
guards to be opened to give access to the drive
assembly.
Freeing the Victim
Caution: Do not attempt to manually
rotate the auger in cases where the
patient is physically entangled or
wrapped on the auger. The sharp
edges of the flighting (exposed screw)
and the rotating motion of the auger
may cause further injury.

66. 2. If the patient is deeply entangled in the auger
assembly or if the auger cannot be reversed,
disassemble the auger from the wagon and lift the
patient and auger out. Cut the drive chain or belt
away and remove the bearing housing on each end
of the auger. Support both ends of all remaining
components during the disassembly to avoid
unexpected movement. A heavy plank laid across the
top of the wagon and a cable come along could be
used to lift the auger.
3. Consider dismantling the auger housing at the end
opposite the power-drive connection. If you can free
this end, either by hand or using a hoist, try to lift
the auger enough to free the victim. The end of the
auger shaft inside the wagon may have to be cut to
allow the auger to be lifted past the end wall of the
wagon. Proceed slowly and cautiously so that parts
of the equipment do not collapse.
4. In cases of beater entanglement on
unloader wagons, the same approach
can be used. Attempt to cut or
disassemble both ends of the beater
and lift it free. Ladders or platforms
will be needed to reach the beaters.
Beaters are likely to weigh 100–150
pounds; and an overhead lift of some
sort, such as a front-end loader, may
also be necessary. Use an air chisel or
abrasive cutoff saw if possible.
5. In some instances, it may be
appropriate to transport both the
patient and the entangling
component to the hospital. This is
especially true if the victim has been
impaled on the beaters or has a limb
tightly wrapped around the part.

67. NOISE

68. Managing the hazard:
If the tractor does not have a sound-proof
cab, always wear hearing protection.

69. OPERATIONAL SKILLS

70. Train workers thoroughly
Your farm is a workplace and you are responsible for the health and safety of
workers and visitors. Inexperienced workers are much more likely to be injured in
farm accidents. You can prevent injuries in many ways:
 Supervise inexperienced workers at all times.
 Make sure your workers are thoroughly trained in equipment operation and
safety.
 Keep all equipment in good repair.
 Warn workers of potential hazards and insist they undertake training and use
equipment safely.
 Only allow a worker to perform a task when you are confident they can handle
it.
 Keep visitors and children well away from operating machinery and warn them
of potential hazards.

71. COMMON ACCIDENTS DURING
OPERATION OF FARM
MACHINERIES

72. HAY BALERS
Because of the aggressive action of most types of harvesting equipment, there is
a high likelihood of fatality when a person becomes entangled in the harvesting
mechanism or driveline components. Injuries to the hands and feet, including
amputations and crushing injuries, are also typical. A contributing factor to low
survival rates in harvesting equipment injuries is the probability that victims in
isolated locations will suffer substantial blood loss before being found.

73. 1. As with all entanglements, shut off the tractor first and remove the
key.
2. Caution: The risk of fire exists during extrication from a baler. Use a
cutting torch or power saw only with utmost care and only as a last
resort to extricate the victim. Have a charged fire hose (11⁄2 inches
minimum) and fire extinguisher handy. Remove all hay from inside the
baler and clear any loose hay surrounding the baler and tractor. Hay
and straw stubble are combustible and should be protected from
sparks.
Rescue Procedures
Essential Safety Precautions

74. 1. Never use power from the tractor to attempt extrication. The moving
components on most conventional balers can be reversed by hand, after the
PTO driveline is disconnected from the tractor. Rotating the large flywheel
located at the front of the baler clockwise when viewed facing the front of the
baler will reverse the feeding mechanism.
2. If a hand has been entangled in the knotter mechanism, disassembly is
usually the best approach. A farm equipment mechanic with baler experience
can disassemble a knotter quickly. If a mechanic is not available, close
examination of the knotter components should make disassembly procedures
apparent. (Check the baler toolbox or twine box for an operator’s manual,
which is often helpful.) Even the patient, in some circumstances, can provide
information on disassembly.
FREEING THE PATIENT

75. 3. In some cases the victim may have become entangled in the cross auger
found on the pickup assemblies of some balers. This auger is usually
supported on only one end and can easily be removed. Block the pickup to
keep it from moving during extrication.
4. Entanglement in the pickup assembly may involve impalement on the
pickup tines (sharp projections). A heavy bolt cutter can be used to cut off any
tines embedded in the patient so that he or she can be extricated, but the
tines should not be removed from the patient’s body at the site. To minimize
jolting the tines during cutting, hold both sides of the tine with vise grips and
cut between the grips. Because the removal of tines from the patient can
cause severe hemorrhaging, it should only be performed at the hospital.
5. Complex entanglements often require a physician at the scene to supervise
life-support procedures during extrication.

76. Combines have enabled farmers to harvest large acreages of grain in
extremely short periods of time, reducing both exposure to the
elements and the hazards associated with hand harvesting or using corn
pickers. Modern combines are extremely aggressive; operating at high
field speeds, they can extend over 30 feet wide and weigh over ten tons.
Because they cut, thresh, transport, and clean the grain in one pass,
combines are actually several machines in one, with numerous points of
potential injury
COMBINE ENTANGLEMENTS

77. Most combine injuries occur during service or
maintenance and involve the victim’s
extremities. Falls from the operator’s
platform or other working surfaces on the
combine are also a frequent cause of injury.
The most serious injuries involve
entanglement in the harvesting unit or
entrapment underneath the harvesting unit
or “header.” These injuries are often fatal,
due to the aggressive action of the machinery
involved and the weight of the harvesting
unit. Entanglement in the augers used in the
grain tank and in the unloading mechanism is
also possible. Straw choppers at the rear of
the combine can also cause serious injuries.

78. 1. Shut off the engine.
2. Free the victim by cutting the belt or chain with bolt cutters or a
hacksaw. In some cases, it may be easier to separate the chain using the
master link.
3. Do not attempt to feed a hand caught in a pulley or gear around the
gear or pulley; this may injure the hand worse. Remove the belt or chain
from over the top of the hand and pulley or gear.
Rescue Procedures — Combine Belt or Chain Drive

79. 1. Immediately block or secure the header to prevent further lowering due to hydraulic creep
caused by hydraulic fluid leakage.
2. Block the wheels so the combine will not roll while the header is being lifted. Be sure to use
adequate cribbing, even when only part of the header’s weight rests on the victim, as the header
may lower unexpectedly.
3. Always lift the header with hydraulic jacks or air bags. If the combine itself raises as the header
is raised, the total weight will usually exceed the capacity of most available lifting devices. You
can lift the header separately by disconnecting the hydraulic hoses from the hydraulic lift
cylinders on the header or by actuating the control valve.
Caution: Do not attempt to disconnect hydraulic cylinders without adequate cribbing if only part
of the header’s weight is on the patient; releasing the hydraulic pressure will cause the header to
lower completely. By using sufficient cribbing, prevent the header from lowering onto the
patient.
4. If the ground is soft, it may be possible to dig under and free the victim in some cases. Crib the
header to prevent further settling.

80. CORN PICKER
ENTANGLEMENTS

81. Corn picker injuries usually involve the upper and lower
extremities; but the most common type of injury is
amputation of fingers, hands, and arms. Because of the
aggressive action of the snapping and husking rolls,
entanglements in these components can result in severe cuts,
crushing injuries, and amputations. The in-running rolls can
quickly pull one or more limbs deeply into the machine,
preventing escape. There have been reports of individuals
who have been entrapped in operating pickers for hours
before they were discovered. Blood loss and shock are the
typical cause of death in cases of picker-related
entanglement.

82. 1. Shut off the engine. Disconnect the PTO if the picker is tractor-towed or
-mounted. Anticipate stored energy when the PTO is disconnected.
2. If no one is present who is familiar with the machine, call a machinery
dealer, who can often tell you how to dismantle the picker so as to remove
the victim. Older corn pickers may be heavily rusted, making disassembly
difficult.
3. Many corn-picker extrications have lasted an hour or more. Since the
victim’s strength may diminish quickly, a physician should be called to the
scene. As with all farm rescues, medical-control communication should be
established.
RESCUE PROCEDURES — CORN PICKER
ESSENTIAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

83. 1. On most snapping roll assemblies, the rolls can be adjusted apart a
small distance, usually less than 2 inches. It is unlikely that rescuers will
be able to adjust the snapping rolls far enough apart to complete the
rescue. This opening, however, can provide enough space to get a “bite”
with spreading equipment. On husking rolls, typically no adjustments can
be made, and some rubber may need to be cut off the rolls to gain a
point of access for spreading equipment.
2. Snapping rolls can be pried apart with air bags or a hydraulic rescue
tool. Place the prying equipment carefully, since it tends to slip on round
surfaces. Because air bags will not slip, they provide an advantage for
prying apart round surfaces. Do not use cables; they may slip or break
without warning.
PRYING ROLLS APART TO FREE THE VICTIM

84. 3. Husking rolls should be disassembled to free the victim because
the space between husking rolls does not generally allow for the use
of air bags. Hydraulic rescue spreaders with thin tips have been
successful when used in conjunction with wedging.
4. Use strong, tapered wooden wedges to hold the snapping rolls
apart while the rescue tool is positioned. Wedges should be used in
pairs from opposite directions. Because snapping rolls already have
some space between them, they are usually less difficult to pry
apart than husking rolls, which are placed tightly together.

85. 5. It is common for the rolls to break or the frame that holds the rolls to
bend or deflect during prying.
6. If efforts to pry equipment apart are not successful, a torch, such as an
exothermic cutter, may be used to cut the equipment apart. However,
this is not a preferred method; cutting may be difficult because many
parts are made of cast iron or hard-surfaced steel. When using a torch,
have someone stand by with a charged fire hose (minimum 11⁄2 inches)
and a fire extinguisher in case combustible materials should catch fire.
The patient should also be shielded from sparks and heat that may be
conducted from the torch.

86. OTHER POSSIBLE
ON FARM OPERATIONS

87. • Fertilizers and pesticides create hazards for both humans and animals.
• Storage of these materials requires specialized construction and detail.
• A chemical center building should be conveniently located, but as far as from the
farm home because of odors and safety of children.
• Chemicals must be securely locked.
• Distinct areas must be identified for herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers.
• Always provide necessary protective equipment for anyone working with chemicals.
• Proper water, ventilation, and lighting systems must be used in the chemical center.
CHEMICAL CENTER

88. • Pesticides are a great help on livestock farms in controlling
parasites, fungi and rodents.
• Improper use of pesticides can cause serious health problems
to the user.
• Always follow the precautions on the label of the container and
provide proper chemical cartridge respirators, chemical goggles,
gloves and long sleeved clothing when working with pesticides.
PESTICIDES

89.  Look at the pesticide labeling. It gives specific first aid instructions. Follow
those instructions carefully.
 The best first aid in pesticide emergencies is to stop the source of pesticide
exposure as quickly as possible.
 Get medical advice quickly if you or any of your fellow workers have unusual or
unexplained symptoms starting at work or later the same day.
 Do not let yourself or anyone else get dangerously sick before calling your
physician or going to a hospital. It is better to be too cautious than too late. Take
the pesticide container (or the labeling) to the physician.
 Do not carry the pesticide container in the passenger space of a car or truck.
FOR POISONING

90.  Drench skin and clothing with plenty of water. Any source of relatively clean water will
work. If possible, immerse the person in a pond, creek, or other body of water. Even water in
ditches or irrigation systems will do, unless you think they may have pesticides in them.
 Remove personal protective equipment and contaminated clothing.
 Wash skin and hair thoroughly with a mild liquid detergent and water. If one is available, a
shower is the best way to completely and thoroughly wash and rinse the entire body surface.
 Dry victim and wrap in blanket or any clean clothing at hand. Do not allow to become
chilled or overheated.
 If skin is burned or otherwise injured, cover immediately with loose, clean, dry, soft cloth
or bandage. Consult a doctor.
 Do not apply ointments, greases, powders, or other drugs in first aid treatment of burns or
injured skin.
PESTICIDE ON SKIN

91.  Wash eye quickly but gently. Use an eyewash dispenser,
if available. Otherwise, hold eyelid open and wash with
a gentle drip of clean running water positioned so that
it flows across the eye rather than directly into the eye.
 Rinse eye for 15 minutes or more.
 Do not use chemicals or drugs in the rinse water. They
may increase the injury.
PESTICIDE IN EYE

92.  Get victim to fresh air immediately.
 If other people are in or near the area, warn them of the danger.
Loosen tight clothing on victim that would constrict breathing.
 Apply artificial respiration if breathing has stopped or if the
victim's skin is blue. If pesticide or vomit is on the victim's mouth
or face, avoid direct contact and use a shaped airway tube, if
available, for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
INHALED PESTICIDE

93.  Rinse mouth with plenty of water.
 Give victim large amounts (up to 1 quart) of milk or water to drink.
 Induce vomiting only if instructions to do so are on the labeling.
PESTICIDE IN MOUTH OR SWALLOWED

94. If a fire does break out on a machine you’re operating, quickly shut off the
engine, grab your extinguisher, get out, and get help. If you forget to grab the
extinguisher, don’t go back in after it unless the fire is extremely small or
confined to an area well away from the cab. Having a cellular phone or two-
way radio nearby will help get professional assistance to the field more
quickly. Approach any fire with extreme caution. Even a small fire can flare up
dramatically as you open doors, hatches, or other areas to gain access. These
types of fires are especially dangerous when liquid fuels are involved. If
possible, use the extinguisher’s flexible hose to shoot the chemical from a
safe distance at the base of any flames you see. Continue to blanket flames to
allow the fire to cool and prevent a reflash. Remember that it may not be
possible to put out every fire. If it is in a difficult-to-reach area or seems out
of control DON”T RISK the chance of injury or even DEATH….wait for help to
arrive.
WHAT IF THERE’S A FIRE?

95. • Good housekeeping around the farmstead will eliminate fire
hazards to the home and other buildings.
• Keep the inside and outside of buildings litter free.
• Proper storage tanks for fuels should be placed at least 75 feet
from buildings.
• Select the proper type of fire extinguisher for each building or
work area.
FIRE PREVENTION

96. Class A
Class A Fires consist of ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, trash or anything else that leaves an
ash. Water works best to extinguish a Class A fire.
Class B
Class B Fires are fueled by flammable or combustible liquids, which include oil, gasoline, and other similar
materials. Smothering effects which deplete the oxygen supply work best to extinguish Class B fires.
Class C
Class C Fires. Energized Electrical Fires are known as Class C fires. Always de-energize the circuit then use
a non-conductive extinguishing agent. Such as Carbon dioxide.
Class D
Class D Fires are combustible metal fires. Magnesium and Titanium are the most common types of metal
fires. Once a metal ignites do not use water in an attempt to extinguish it. Only use a Dry Powder
extinguishing agent. Dry powder agents work by smothering and heat absorption.
Class K
Class K Fires are fires that involve cooking oils, grease or animal fat and can be extinguished using Purple
K, the typical agent found in kitchen or galley extinguishers.

97. Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only -
they should not be used on Class B or C fires.
The discharge stream could spread the
flammable liquid in a Class B fire or could
create a shock hazard on a Class C fire.
Carbon dioxide can be used on Class B & C
fires. They are usually ineffective on Class A
fires.

98. Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It
is important to use the correct extinguisher for the
type of fuel! Using the incorrect agent can allow the
fire to re-ignite after apparently being extinguished
succesfully.
Wet chemical of Class K extinguishers were
developed for modern, high efficiency deep fat
fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some may
also be used on Class A fires in commercial
kitchens.

99. Clean agent extinguishers are primarily for Class B
& C fires. Some larger clean agent extinguishers
can be used on Class A, B, and C fires.
However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class
D or combustible metal fires, only. They are
ineffective on all other classes of fires.

100. Water mist extinguishers are primarily for Class A
fires, although they are safe for use on Class C fires as
well.
Like the stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers, the
multipurpose dry chemical is effective on Class A, B, and C
fires. This agent also works by creating a barrier between the
oxygen element and the fuel element on Class A fires.
Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It is
important to use the correct extinguisher for the type of fuel!
Using the incorrect agent can allow the fire to re-ignite after
apparently being extinguished successfully.

101. • Toxic gases in manure pits or silos
present potential hazards to both
humans and animals. The four major
gases found in manure pits include:
1.Hydrogen Sulfide
2.Carbon Dioxide
3.Ammonia
4.Methane
DANGEROUS GASES

102. •Nitrogen Dioxide is a toxic gas that is produced when silage
ferments. It is very poisonous, and can cause injury to and
kill both humans and animals.
•High concentrations of exposure can result in immediate
death. In case of any contact, see a doctor immediately.

103. • Confinement livestock producers encounter a series of
problems with dust. Avoid dust-related health problems by
wearing a safety mask or other respiratory protector devices.
• All dusts can cause serious health problems depending on the
amount, type, and time of exposure.
DUSTS

104.  It is not always easy to tell the difference between heat stress illness
and pesticide poisoning. The signs and symptoms are similar. Don't
waste time trying to decide what is causing the illness. Get medical
help.
 First aid measures for heat stress victims are similar to those for
persons who are overexposed to pesticides.
 Get the victim into a shaded or cool area.
FIRST AID FOR HEAT STRESS

105.  Cool victim as rapidly as possible by sponging or splashing
skin, especially face, neck, hands, and forearms, with cool
water or, when possible, immersing in cool water.
 Carefully remove all personal protective equipment and any
other clothing that may be making the victim too warm.
 If the victim is conscious, have them drink as much cool
water as possible.
 Keep the victim quiet until help arrives.

106. 1. Always assume that any downed power line or any piece of equipment in contact with a power line
is energized! If the victim is still in contact with the downed line or energized equipment, do not
touch him/her. Direct contact with the injured party is certain to make you a secondary victim!
2. If you have not been trained to handle high voltage lines, call your local utility company for
emergency assistance. You can then protect the accident site until help arrives.
3. Only if it appears that the response time will be dangerously long should an untrained individual
attempt a rescue. Wear rubber-soled boots and nonconductive gloves. Use a dry board or a tool
with a long wooden handle to remove the power line. If the victim is in contact with energized
equipment, it will be necessary to push or pull them away. A piece of dry, nonconductive rope can
be used for this purpose.
4. Check for breathing as soon as the victim is freed from electrical contact. Start artificial respiration
immediately if required. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation has saved many electrical shock victims.
Cardiac resuscitation may also be necessary.
5. Anyone who has received a high voltage electrical shock should be examined by a doctor as soon as
possible. Physical damage may have occurred, even though the victim appears to 'feel fine'.
ELECTROCUTION

107. Whenever dealing with emergencies, there are some
key things to remember. First and foremost, try to
REMAIN CALM. Secondly, be familiar with
emergency procedures so you know what to do when
there is no time to refer to a manual or ask for advice.
Thirdly, memorize important telephone numbers of
Emergency Hotlines for immediate response.

108. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING…

109. ALCORAN, LENDON
BACTAT, YVI
CANTUTAY, FEBIE ANN
DIVINAGRACIA, DIA
LAURENTE, JENARD
RUBIO, ERWIN
SOLON, KHEVIN LOU
GROUP 1