lungs anatomy, borders and surfaces of lungs, features of lung, segments of lung, broncheal tree, root of lung, relation of root of lung, arrangement of contents of root of lung, lobes of fissure of lung, relation of lung,
In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration. Air is breathed in through the nose or the mouth. In the nasal cavity, a layer of mucous membrane acts as a filter and traps pollutants and other harmful substances found in the air.
lungs anatomy, borders and surfaces of lungs, features of lung, segments of lung, broncheal tree, root of lung, relation of root of lung, arrangement of contents of root of lung, lobes of fissure of lung, relation of lung,
In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration. Air is breathed in through the nose or the mouth. In the nasal cavity, a layer of mucous membrane acts as a filter and traps pollutants and other harmful substances found in the air.
The respiratory system is the anatomical system of an organism that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs
The respiratory system is the anatomical system of an organism that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs
The content in the slide are solely depended upon the syllabus of Purbanchal University for third-semester students. This content of the respiratory system will be enough for B.Pharmacy students studying anatomy and physiology
The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the respiration process in an organism. It is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.
The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat is called Otorhinolaryngology.
RESPIRATION- The oxidative process occurring within living cells by which the chemical energy of organic molecules is released in a series of metabolic steps involving the consumption of oxygen and the liberation of carbon dioxide and water is called as respiration.
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. Introduction
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a
fibrocartilaginous tube about 10-11 cm long.
The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and
runs down behind the sternum. The trachea then divides
into two smaller tubes called bronchus: one bronchus for
each lung.
The main function of the trachea is to transport air in
and out of the lungs during the act of breathing.
It protects the respiratory tract by warming and
moistening the air and propelling foreign particles
upwards towards the pharynx for expulsion.
The trachea helps defend against disease. The mucus in
the trachea helps capture microorganisms such as viruses
and harmful bacteria before they enter the lungs.
3.
4. Relations of Trachea
Anteriorly –
Sternum
Sternothyroid muscles
Arch of aorta ,
Brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid arteries
5. Relations of Trachea
Posteriorly –
Oesophagus
Vertebral column
Right side
Right lung and pleura
Right vagus
Azygos vein
Left side
Arch of aorta
left common carotid
arteries
left subclavian arteries
6. Structure of Trachea
The trachea is a D-shaped fibrocartilaginous respiratory organ.
It consists of 16-20 tracheal cartilages anterolaterally and a
fibromuscular wall posteriorly.
The tracheal cartilages are composed of hyaline cartilage and
interconnected by fibroelastic tissue. They support the trachea and
keep it open during pressure changes that accompany air
ventilation.
The posterior wall of the trachea is formed by the trachealis
muscle, making the cartilages appear as incomplete C-shaped rings.
The structure of its wall makes the trachea sufficiently flexible and
elastic to permit the transient expansion of the esophagus
during swallowing.
10. Histological layers
Mucosa-It is the innermost layer lined by mucous membrane. It
is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
(Goblet cell). They produce mucus, which warms, moistens, and
removes foreign particles from the air as it flows through the
trachea.
Submucosa layer- It is the second histological layer of the
trachea. It consists of loose areolar connective tissue that
contains mucus glands, smooth muscle, vessels, nerves.
Musculo-cartilaginous layer- It is the third layer of the
trachea which is represented by C shaped cartilaginous rings
and intervening smooth muscle. This narrows the tracheal
lumen and increases the velocity of airflow, which helps
dislodge mucus and foreign particles.
Adventitia layer- It is the most external layer which is a band
of loose connective tissue that loosely bind the trachea to the
esophagus and other nearby organs.
12. Function
The main function is to transport oxygenated air from the upper
respiratory tract towards the alveoli for gas exchange. The resulting
carbon dioxide filled air is transported by the tracheobronchial system
towards the oral cavity and nose for excretion.
The trachea also protects the respiratory tract via physical and
immunological methods. In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide,
environmental air also contains many potentially harmful agents such as
pathogens, debris, gases and chemicals. The goblet cells lining the
trachea secrete mucus which traps any unwanted substances. Immune
cells and their secretions prevent harmful microorganisms from reaching
the lower airways. The trapped particles are then removed from the
trachea. This system pushes them upwards back into the pharynx and
mouth for excretion by the coughing reflex.
The trachea also helps regulate the temperature of the air coming in
and out of the lungs.
On cold days, the trachea helps warm and provide humidity to the air
before it reaches the lungs.
On hot days, the trachea helps cool the air through evaporation.
13. Thank you
This slides covers about the Introduction, Relations,
Structure, blood supply, nerve supply and Function of the
Trachea