A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. There are several types of tornadoes, including waterspouts that form over water, gustnadoes that are short-lived and do not connect to the cloud base, and multi-vortex tornadoes that have multiple rotating vortices around the main vortex. Landspouts are similar to waterspouts but form over land. Tornadoes occur most frequently in the central United States, known as Tornado Alley. The Enhanced Fujita Scale is used to rate tornado strength based on wind speeds and damage caused.

1. Presented By
A. Chandra Sekhar
TMBA-2013-05
MBA(ABM)

3. Violently rotating
column of air
(Vortex) extending
from a
thunderstorm to the
ground

4. A tornado is
violently rotating
column of air that
is in contact with
both the surface
of the earth and
the base of a
cumulus cloud

5. 1.Waterspout
2.Gustnado
3.Multi-vortex Tornado
4.Landspout

6. waterspouts tornado are
the ones forming over
water and exhibiting
similar patterns to the
tornadoes forming on
land.
This type is not very
common even if the
tornadoes forming on
land and later entering
water are included.

8.  The word gustnado is a combination
of 'gust front tornado'
A gustnado is a short-lived whirl of
dust and debris lasting from a few
seconds to minutes. These tornadoes
does not possess a condensation
funnel do not always connect the
surface to the base of the closest
cloud base

10. A tornado is termed as multiple-vortex when it
has more than one vortex rotating around the
main vortex. Here, the other vortices rotate
around the axes; the vortices themselves
rotate in the peripheral region of the eye of
the tornado.

11. 1. A landspout is similar to
waterspout, only difference
being that it is formed on land.
2. These types of tornadoes are
typically weaker than traditional
tornadoes, but can still cause
destruction because they can
create strong winds

13. Tornado Facts
1. Tornadoes may appear nearly transparent until dust and
debris are picked up or a cloud forms within the funnel.
2. The average tornado moves from southwest to
northeast, but tornadoes have been known to move in
any direction.
3. The average forward speed is 30 mph but may vary from
nearly stationary to 70 mph.
4. The strongest tornadoes have rotating winds of more
than 250 mph.
5. Tornadoes can accompany tropical storms and
hurricanes as they move onto land.

15. Tornadoes are found most
frequently in the US
In an average year,
1,200 tornadoes cause
70 fatalities and 1,500
injuries nationwide.
"Tornado Alley," or the
states at the highest risk
of getting a tornado,
include Arkansas, Iowa,
Kansas, Louisiana,
Minnesota, Nebraska,
North Dakota, Ohio,
Oklahoma, South
Dakota, and Texas.

16. Fujita Scale EF Scale
Fujita Scale 3-Second gust
Speed (mph)
EF Scale 3-Second gust
Speed (mph)
F0 45-78 EF0 65-85
F1 79-117 EF1 86-109
F2 118-161 EF2 110-137
F3 162-209 EF3 138-167
F4 210-261 EF4 168-199
F5 262-317 EF5 200-234
The Fujita Scale categorizes tornado severity based on observed damage.
The six-step scale ranges from F0 (light damage) to F5 (incredible damage).
Since February 2007, the National Weather Service has used the Enhanced
Fujita Scale (EF Scale)

18. On August 11, 1999, an F2
tornado touched down in
the metropolitan area of
Salt Lake City. The tornado
lasted ten minutes and
killed one person, injured
more than 80 people, and
caused more than $170
million in damages. It was
the most destructive
tornado in Utah's history.
Salt Lake City Tornado,
Aug. 11, 1999
Orange fireball is a power
sub-station exploding.

19. Where do you think this Tornado ranked on the Fujita Scale?

21.  Tornadoes tough to
predict and forecast
› Size of storms
› Directions
 Tracking and
forecasting
 The bad news
› Tornadoes develop
faster than we thought
› Problems with warnings

22. Early warnings
Tornado watch
Tornado warning
Taking shelter – down
Basement
In interior room
Under furniture
At a shelter or in a
ditch
Tornado survival kit

23. Provides Human Shelter
in Emergencies
8ft
30ft
8ft
Equipment house
designed to withstand a
Tornado

24. Building Category:
IV Hurricane or F5 Tornado
Structure: Rigid
Height: 8 ft.
Length: 30 ft.
Weight: 15,000lbs (approx)
Surface: Moderately Smooth
Wind Velocity: Up to 300mph

25. Tornado precautions
Don't run while tornado is
approaching because they are
faster than us
Look for a shelter
Under ground shelters
Crouch down on your knees
and protect your head with
your arms.