Thunderstorms require moisture, an air lifting mechanism, and instability to form. They have three stages: cumulus, mature, and dissipating. During the mature stage, rising warm air and falling cold air cause static electricity to build up, resulting in lightning. Lightning is a high-voltage electrical discharge between clouds, air, or clouds and the ground. It can heat the nearby air to 50,000 degrees Celsius and travel at 300,000 m/s. Indoors, one should avoid contact with electrical equipment or plumbing, while outdoors the safest shelters are enclosed buildings or hard-top vehicles.
Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between Storm clouds and the ground or within the clouds themselves. (Definition, Types, Causes, Distribution, Prediction)
https://www.cda.org.bd
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between Storm clouds and the ground or within the clouds themselves. (Definition, Types, Causes, Distribution, Prediction)
https://www.cda.org.bd
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
A document tackling about the basis of Thunderstorms:
-What is Thunderstorm?
-How do the Thunderstorms form?
-What is the difference between thunder and lightning?
Between a water spout and a tornado?
-What are the types of Lightning? of a Thunderstorm?
-What are some signs of an approaching thunderstorm?
-What are some precautionary measures to do before and during a thunderstorm?
-Case of Thunderstorms in the Philippines and on Planes
This gives you an insight into thunderstorms, what they are and how they occur. It also gives you some safety precautions in case you are actually stuck in one of them! It includes a small Case Study of two thunderstorms too.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
About causes and consequences of earthquake.
what is an earthquake?
Types of earthquake
Anatomy of earthquakes
Causes of Earthquake
Waves of Earthquakes
Seismograph
Distribution of Earthquake
Wold dead lists Earthquake
Earthquake in Pakistan
Effects of Earthquake
Thunderstorms are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months and during the afternoon and evening hours, but they can occur year-round and at all hours. Thunderstorms frequently occur in the late afternoon and at night in the Plains states. This module highlights the basics of thunderstorms.
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Where Do Earthquakes Happen?
Why Do Earthquakes Happen?
How Are Earthquakes Studied?
How To Locate The Earthquake's Epicenter?
SCALES FOR EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Prepared By
Md. Arifuzzaman Arif,
MSc in Disaster Management,
Department of Geography and Environment,
University of Dhaka.
BSc in Forestry & Wood Technology Discipline,
Khulna University.
A document tackling about the basis of Thunderstorms:
-What is Thunderstorm?
-How do the Thunderstorms form?
-What is the difference between thunder and lightning?
Between a water spout and a tornado?
-What are the types of Lightning? of a Thunderstorm?
-What are some signs of an approaching thunderstorm?
-What are some precautionary measures to do before and during a thunderstorm?
-Case of Thunderstorms in the Philippines and on Planes
This gives you an insight into thunderstorms, what they are and how they occur. It also gives you some safety precautions in case you are actually stuck in one of them! It includes a small Case Study of two thunderstorms too.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
About causes and consequences of earthquake.
what is an earthquake?
Types of earthquake
Anatomy of earthquakes
Causes of Earthquake
Waves of Earthquakes
Seismograph
Distribution of Earthquake
Wold dead lists Earthquake
Earthquake in Pakistan
Effects of Earthquake
Thunderstorms are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months and during the afternoon and evening hours, but they can occur year-round and at all hours. Thunderstorms frequently occur in the late afternoon and at night in the Plains states. This module highlights the basics of thunderstorms.
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Where Do Earthquakes Happen?
Why Do Earthquakes Happen?
How Are Earthquakes Studied?
How To Locate The Earthquake's Epicenter?
SCALES FOR EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Prepared By
Md. Arifuzzaman Arif,
MSc in Disaster Management,
Department of Geography and Environment,
University of Dhaka.
BSc in Forestry & Wood Technology Discipline,
Khulna University.
My first presentation on slideshare. A short research made by me about Tornado. I hope you all will like it and it will definitely help you. Thank you ! :)
Lightning is usually associated with thunderstorm and regarded as the most under-recognized weather hazard, often commanding little attention from the public and the media.
Hi friends, I have created a small presentation on Air pressure and Wind systems chapter that also has some info on types of disasters and the precaution to be taken..... Hope this will be helpful to you all. Thank you
Lightning Safety Awareness by Osman GoniOsman Goni
This presentation on lightning safety awareness covers the topics-
Facts and Figures of lightning
Understanding Thunder-storm and Lightning
Lightning Safety Outdoors
Lightning Safety Indoors
Lightning Safety & Sport Activities
Medical Effects on Lightning Victims
Initiatives on Lightning Safety to Government and BDRCS
Plan and Protect yourself from Lightning Strikes
2. Course No. : DSMHT-203
Course name: Climatic Hazards & Climate Change
Submitted to
Taslima Imam
Meteorologist
Submitted by-
Mirza Shihab Uddin Antor FH -001
Md.Raisul Islam Shamrat SH-008
S.M Mahmudul Islam Tamal FH-020
Muhammad Abu Sayed SH-023
Md. Syadur Rahman SH-027
Sarker Md. Nokibul Hasan SH-030
3. Thunderstorm
A thunderstorm ,also known as an electrical
storm ,a lightning storm ,or a thunder shower,
is a type of storm, characterized by the
presence of lightning and it’s acoustic effect
on the Earth’s atmosphere known as thunder.
The meteorologically assigned cloud type
associated with the thunderstorm is the
cumulonimbus.
Cluster of clouds producing heavy rain,
lightning, thunder, hail or tornados
Thunder is actually the shockwave ,the
sound, made after lightning strikes
5. Life cycle of a thunderstorm
A thunderstorm has three stage such as:
A. Cumulus Stage
B. Mature Stage
C. Dissipation Stage
6. Cumulus Stage
There is no lighting or
chance of tornado
formation during this
stage.
Heat from condensing
water vapor in the cloud
helps to fuel expanding
and rising air.
The upward-moving air in
this stage can approach
speeds of 160 km/hr
7. Mature Stage
As the warm moist air mass rises, the
water vapor cools.
The water vapor condenses, (which
releases more heat) saturates the
cloud and produces torrential rains.
The falling rain pushes and pulls air
downward with it, and the storm
develops regions of fast moving
downdrafts.
Simultaneously, rising warm air and
falling colder air, causes large
amounts of static electricity to be
generated.
8. Mature Stage(con’t)
Large, mature
thunderstorms can…
Produce precipitation at
astonishing rates, up to
36cm/hr. This causes local
flooding.
Create hailstones as large
as grapefruits!
Generate tremendous
electrical power and intense
lightning.
Produce tornadoes with
devastating swirling winds
9. Dissipating Stage
Downbursts of high speed wind
may occur.
All air within the storm has
become cooler than the air
outside of the storm.
If deprived of its energy source
of warm, moist air, the storm
soon splits into a series of
disorganized layers of
clouds…and
the storm is finished….
10. Types of Thunderstorm
There are three types:
1. Composed of cells
Ordinary - short lived and small
Super – large ,last for hours
2. Single cell
3. Multi cell
11. Lightning
Lightning is a dazzling bluish white light produce by
clouds. It is usually accompanied by thunder.
Lightning a Gigantic Electrical Spark Traveling
between Cloud to Cloud or Cloud to Earth Containing
an average charge of 30 to 50 lakhs Volts and a
current of 30 Kilo amperes with a speed of 220 km
per hour.
Till 1752, nobody knew about the cause of lightning.
It was Benjamin Franklin who prove that lightning is
cause by static electric charges in the cloud.
When the clouds fill up with electric charges the
positive charges or protons from at the top of the
cloud and negative charges from at the bottom ,it
causes lightning .
12. How does lightning occur?
There have been many theories of occurring
lightning :
Polarization Mechanism Theory: As ice falls
through the Earth’s atmosphere , they
become electrically polarized.
Electrostatic Induction Theory: Two opposing
charges get separated. The electricity gets
stored in the middle of a cumulonimbus
cloud. There the electricity collides with rain.
The Discharge Theory: Electricity is made
when there’s enough positive & negative
energy together .
13.
14. Types of Lightning
Intra-cloud lightning: Lightning happening inside a cloud.
Cloud to Ground Lightning: Lightning that hits the Earth from
a cloud.
Bead Lightning: A brighter version of cloud to ground
lightning.
Cloud to Cloud Lightning: Lightning that goes from one cloud
to another.(RARE)
Ball Lightning: Lightning that comes in the shape of a ball in a
thunderstorm
15. Lightning Facts
Globally 44,000 thunderstorms/day and 100
lightning strokes /sec
Duration of one stroke of lightning, 1/5 th of
second.
Strike the Earth 50 to 100 times per second.
Voltages 1,00,000 kV and peak current 30 kA.
Total energy released 40 GJ.
Temperatures rises 50,000 degrees Celsius
Lightning can travel at speeds of 300,000 m/sec
Lightning heats nearby air to about 10,000 °C.
16. Key Facts to Know
• Outdoors is the most dangerous
place to be during a lightning
storm
• All thunderstorms produce
lightning and are dangerous
• If you hear thunder you are in
danger
• Look for dark cloud bases and
increasing winds
• Blue skies and lightning: Lightning
can travel up to 10 miles sideways
– At least 10% of lightning occurs
without visible clouds overhead in the
sky
17. Indoor Safety Rules
• Three main ways lightning enters a structure
– A direct strike
– Through wires or pipes that extend outside the structure
– Through the ground
• Lightning Safety tips for Inside the Home
– Avoid contact with corded phones
• Leading cause of indoor lightning injuries
– Avoid contact with electrical equipment or cords
– Avoid contact with plumbing
• Do not take a bath, shower, or wash dishes
– Stay away from windows and doors, and stay off porches
18. Outdoor Safety Rules
If you are outdoors when a thunderstorm threatens go as
quickly as you can to a safe shelter
• What constitutes as a safe shelter
– Safe buildings are buildings that are fully enclosed with
a roof, walls, and floor.
• They are considered safe because they have wiring and
plumbing
– Safe vehicles are those with hard tops.
• Make sure all doors are closed and windows rolled up and do
not touch any metal surfaces
– Large Boats with Cabins
• Best policy is if you are on the water and a storm is approaching
is to get out of the water
19. Outdoor Safety Rules
The question begs to be asked: What do if
there is no safe shelter nearby to go to.
• Move away from tall trees
• Keep away from metal objects and fences
• If you are in a group spread out with at least
15 ft between you so that there is someone
to assist the struck victim.
• If you feel your hair rising or your skin feel
prickly you are about to be struck so assume
the crouching position shown
– This position where the heels are touching
encourages the lighting to return to ground
without going through your whole body
– Protect your ears from the resulting thunder
by covering them with your hands
20. Fatalities and Death of Lightning
Lightning Fatalities By Gender:
Based on 261 cases from 2006 to 2013 –
81% male and 19% female.
Lightning Death by Activity:
12 activities contributing most to lightning death from 2006 to 2013-
Fishing 30% Camping 16% Farming 14% Cycling 11%
Yard work 8%
Boating 14% Soccer 12% Beach 13% Golf 8%
Social gathering 10% To/From home 9% To/From car 8%
Not surprisingly, June, July and August are the deadliest month
for lightning .Actually for 70% of lightning death from 2006 to
2013
21. Difference between Lightning and
Thunderstorm
Thunder travels in sound waves and lightning travels in
light waves.
Different energy type.
They travel at the same time, but lightning comes first since
light travels faster.