The document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology as the way that links computers in a network. There are two types of topology: physical and logical. Some common topologies discussed are star, ring, bus, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Each topology has advantages and disadvantages related to features like reliability, scalability, installation complexity, and cost. For example, a star topology is easy to install but depends on a central hub, while a mesh provides direct communication between all nodes but is complex and costly to implement.

1. Submitted To:
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer ,Department of CSE
City University , Dhaka
Topic Name : Topology
Submitted By:
Hridoy Bonik
ID:1834902543
BSc in CSE (Day)
Batch: 49 th
City University
Course Title :Computer Network
Course Code : CSE 317

2. Topology:
topology is The way of a network system that links two or many computer in a
network.There are two types of topology 1. Physical Topology: (It defines layout of
the topology). 2. Logical Topology:(It is the way of data transfer).
Some common topologies are_
1) Star Topology :This topology has many node and this node are connected by a
host node . This central connected node contrling all communication by this
topology
Advantages of Star Topology :
 Transmission delays do not increase by adding new nodes to a network.
 easy to install.
 It has only n-1 lines are required for connecting n nodes so it is minimal line cost
connection.
 Disadvantages of Star Topology:
 The system depends on
 host node so, if the host node fails all entire network will be fails.
 Hub requires moreresources and regular maintenance.
2) Ring Topology: Each node are connected each other node by a cycle there has

3. no any master node for controlling other nodes.
Advantages of Ring Topology:
 It works well where there is no central
 node for making routing decision.
 It is more reliable then star network topology.
 If the any node fail other node work properly.
 Easy install.
Disadvantages of Ring Topology:
 If the link is fail whole network will be failure.
 Addition of new nodes increases communication delay.
 It requires more complicated control software than star.
3) Bus Topology: There is only a single transmission line for all nodes known as
backbone cable .
Advantages of Bus Topology :
 Less cable is required.
 Cost efficient.
 Simple to install.
 If a node fails, the other nodes will be unaffected.

4. 4) Tree Topology:
All the nodes are directly or indirectly connected to the main
hub. The sub- hubs are connected to each other. It is a combination of star and bus
network.
Advantages of Tree Topology:
 It can cover large distance network.
 A large numbers of node can be connected.
 If one of the node fails ,others node aren’t affected.
 Data directly transferred .
Disadvantages of Tree Topology:
 Cabling and hardware cost a lot.
 Complex implementation.
 Hard to manage a large tree network.
 If main bus fails, the entire network will fail.
5) Mesh Topology:
Direct connection takes place between the nodes. If there are ‘n’ devices in
network then each device has ‘(n-1)’ input-output ports and links. Example: the
Internet (WAN).
Advantage of Mesh Topolpgy :
 Directly communicate easly

5.  Very fast communication.
 Facilitate direct communication.
 If a nodefails , others won’t be affected.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology:
 Costly.
 Complex implementation.
 Maintenance are very difficult.
 High cabling requires.
6) Hybrid Topology:
It is a combination of two or more topologies complex structure of many nodes.
Advantages of Hybrid Topology:
 Reliable and Error
 detecting easy.
 Effective as it can be designed in such a
 It can handle large number of nodes.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology:
 It is easy to design but complex structure.
 It is costly as it involves more than one topologies etc.