Network Cables
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This document discusses the three main types of network cables: fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, and coaxial cable. Fiber optic cable transmits messages modulated onto light waves through bundles of glass threads. It has a complicated design involving single-mode or multi-mode configurations of the core. Twisted pair cable is ordinary copper wire connecting homes and businesses to telephone companies. The wires are twisted to reduce crosstalk. Coaxial cable carries data through a central conductor surrounded by insulating layers and shielding to prevent signal loss and reduce electromagnetic interference.
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This document discusses different network topologies including physical and logical topologies. It describes various common topologies such as bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on how the nodes are connected and arranged, common examples, and characteristics such as direction of data flow or access methods.
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Presentation on topology by prince kushwaha(0902 ec101053) from RUSTAMJI INST...
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Topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a computer network.
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A computer network is made of computers which are linked to one another with communication lines (network cables, etc.) and hardware elements (network adapters, as well as other equipment for ensuring that data travels correctly.
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This document discusses different network topologies including physical and logical topologies. It describes various common topologies such as bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it provides details on how the nodes are connected and arranged, common examples, and characteristics such as direction of data flow or access methods.
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Topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a computer network.
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Topology
Contents
What is Topology ?
Types of topology?
Advantages and disadvantage of topology
What is topology ?
In a single node topology only two system can communicate via single node .
Node :- Connected link between the devices create node.
Benefits and Drawbacks
Benefits
High speed
Easy to create
Security, no third party can access.
Easy to troubleshoot.
Drawbacks
Only to system can communicate .
Fixed network .
Benefits and drawbacks
Benefits
More than two system can communicate.
Drawbacks
Single point of failure.
If backbone fails entire network will fail
Low bandwidth because of broadcasting.
Benefits
Each Pcs are directly connected to each other .
Easy to create and troubleshoot .
Create a central point of management .
High bandwidth because individual transmission.
Tree topology
I t is a combination of bus and star topology.
Hybrid Topology
It is a combination of two or topologies .
1st combination – star + bus topology
2nd combination – ring +star topology
QUESTIONS
Network Topology
Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
It also refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each other.
Logical Layouts of Topology
Logical Layouts of Topology :
MESH TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
TREE AND HYBRID
1. Mesh Topology
Here every device has a point to point link to every other device.
Node 1 node must be connected with n-1 nodes.
A fully connected mesh can have n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
It must have n-1 I/O ports.
2.STAR TOPOLOGY
Less expensive than mesh since each device is connected only to the hub.
Installation and configuration are easy.
Less cabling needs than mesh.
Easy to identification & remove parts.
3.BUS TOPOLOGY
A bus topology is multipoint.
Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices are connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
Drop line- is the connection b/w the devices and the cable.
Tap:- is the splitter that cut the main link.
This allows only one device to transmit at a time.
4.RING TOPOLOGY
Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side.
The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the destination and each device have repeater
When one device received signal instead of intended another devices, its repeater then regenerates the data and passes them along.
To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections.
5.TREE TOPOLOGY
Alternative referred to as a star bus topology.
Tree topology is one of the most common network setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star topology.
A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.
6.HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network which contains all types of physical structure and connected under a single backbone channel.
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Here, I Describe about concept of network topologies and there types (Physical &Logical)
I categorized Physical topologies into 7 networks types and short description about logical topology.
Factors to choose network topology
Diagrams of all physical topology
Advantages and disadvantages most of all topology
DEMO:
Computer network topology is the way various components of a network (like nodes, links, peripherals, etc) are arranged. Network topologies define the layout, virtual shape or structure of network, not only physically but also logically. The way in which different systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other is determined by topology of the network. Topology can be physical or logical. Physical Topology is the physical layout of nodes, workstations and cables in the network; while logical topology is the way information flows between different components.
In general, physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network.
A fully connected network, complete topology, or full mesh topology is a network topology in which there is a direct link between all pairs of nodes. Networks designed with this topology are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology is mostly seen in military applications.
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©Himanshu
Thanks,,, Hope you willl love it.
If you want this slide in .pptx then you can contact me (fb.com/nephaxor)
Writer:(bit.ly/anonnepal)
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If you liked it don't forget to follow me-
SlideShare-www.slideshare.net/gauravyadav65
Instagram-yadavgaurav251
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This really motivates me too help you guys more :D
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This document discusses different network topologies. It defines network topology as the layout and connections of devices in a network. It then proceeds to define and compare the characteristics of five common topologies: ring, mesh, star, bus and tree. For each topology it provides details on how the topology is arranged and its advantages and disadvantages. The document concludes by stating it has proven that topologies determine how technology devices communicate over the internet.
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Bus topology ppt
Bus topology uses a single, long cable called a backbone to connect all devices in a network. Nodes connect to the backbone using droplines and taps, where droplines connect devices to the cable and taps contact the cable's metallic core. Any computer on the bus topology can communicate with any other as they are all connected via the main cable. However, a fault in the backbone stops all transmission and network speed decreases with heavy traffic.
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This document discusses different types of network topologies, including physical and logical topologies. It describes the key differences between physical and logical topologies, and defines six common physical network topologies: bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid. For each topology type, it provides a brief explanation of the network configuration and data flow. The document concludes by noting some important considerations for selecting a physical network topology.
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This document summarizes different network topologies:
- Bus topology connects all nodes to a single backbone cable and messages are broadcast to all nodes. It uses CSMA access method and is mainly used in Ethernet networks.
- Ring topology connects each node to two other nodes in a circular structure. Data travels through all intermediate nodes. Failure of any node causes network failure.
- Tree topology has a root node and other nodes connect hierarchically in groups. It is used in wide area networks and allows easy expansion and management.
- Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. The hub can be passive or active.
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The document discusses different types of computer network topologies. It defines topology as the structure of how network components are interconnected. The main topologies discussed are bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Bus topology connects all stations to a single backbone cable. Ring topology connects nodes in an endless loop. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub or switch. Tree topology combines characteristics of bus and star topologies in a hierarchical structure. Mesh topology provides multiple redundant connections between all nodes. Hybrid topology combines two or more different topologies.
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This document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology and describes the two main types: physical and logical. It then provides details on specific topologies including bus, ring, tree, star, mesh, and hybrid. For each topology, it outlines the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The main topologies covered are bus, which uses a single backbone cable to connect all devices; ring, where each device is connected to its neighbor in a circular fashion; and star, which connects all devices to a central hub.
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Network topology refers to how devices are arranged in relation to each other on a network. There are two types of topology: physical and logical. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Each has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like cost, speed, reliability, and ease of expansion. A hybrid topology combines elements of different topologies to meet an organization's specific needs.
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This document certifies that a group of 5 students from Shankar Narayan College completed a case study on data communication cables for their semester 2 course in 2012-2013. It provides the names of the students and signatures from their lecturer and head of department, confirming the students satisfactorily completed the required work.
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This document certifies that a group of 5 students from Shankar Narayan College completed a case study on data communication cables for their semester 2 course in 2012-2013. It lists the students and is signed by their lecturer and head of department, with the college stamp. The case study covered coaxial cables, optical fiber cables, and twisted pair cables. It described the basic design and properties of each type of cable as well as their applications and advantages/disadvantages.
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Topology
Contents
What is Topology ?
Types of topology?
Advantages and disadvantage of topology
What is topology ?
In a single node topology only two system can communicate via single node .
Node :- Connected link between the devices create node.
Benefits and Drawbacks
Benefits
High speed
Easy to create
Security, no third party can access.
Easy to troubleshoot.
Drawbacks
Only to system can communicate .
Fixed network .
Benefits and drawbacks
Benefits
More than two system can communicate.
Drawbacks
Single point of failure.
If backbone fails entire network will fail
Low bandwidth because of broadcasting.
Benefits
Each Pcs are directly connected to each other .
Easy to create and troubleshoot .
Create a central point of management .
High bandwidth because individual transmission.
Tree topology
I t is a combination of bus and star topology.
Hybrid Topology
It is a combination of two or topologies .
1st combination – star + bus topology
2nd combination – ring +star topology
QUESTIONS
Network Topology
Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
It also refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each other.
Logical Layouts of Topology
Logical Layouts of Topology :
MESH TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
TREE AND HYBRID
1. Mesh Topology
Here every device has a point to point link to every other device.
Node 1 node must be connected with n-1 nodes.
A fully connected mesh can have n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
It must have n-1 I/O ports.
2.STAR TOPOLOGY
Less expensive than mesh since each device is connected only to the hub.
Installation and configuration are easy.
Less cabling needs than mesh.
Easy to identification & remove parts.
3.BUS TOPOLOGY
A bus topology is multipoint.
Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices are connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
Drop line- is the connection b/w the devices and the cable.
Tap:- is the splitter that cut the main link.
This allows only one device to transmit at a time.
4.RING TOPOLOGY
Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side.
The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the destination and each device have repeater
When one device received signal instead of intended another devices, its repeater then regenerates the data and passes them along.
To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections.
5.TREE TOPOLOGY
Alternative referred to as a star bus topology.
Tree topology is one of the most common network setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star topology.
A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.
6.HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network which contains all types of physical structure and connected under a single backbone channel.
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES (NETWORK TOPOLOGY)
Here, I Describe about concept of network topologies and there types (Physical &Logical)
I categorized Physical topologies into 7 networks types and short description about logical topology.
Factors to choose network topology
Diagrams of all physical topology
Advantages and disadvantages most of all topology
DEMO:
Computer network topology is the way various components of a network (like nodes, links, peripherals, etc) are arranged. Network topologies define the layout, virtual shape or structure of network, not only physically but also logically. The way in which different systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other is determined by topology of the network. Topology can be physical or logical. Physical Topology is the physical layout of nodes, workstations and cables in the network; while logical topology is the way information flows between different components.
In general, physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network.
A fully connected network, complete topology, or full mesh topology is a network topology in which there is a direct link between all pairs of nodes. Networks designed with this topology are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology is mostly seen in military applications.
A TOTAL GUIDE ABOUT
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
©Himanshu
Thanks,,, Hope you willl love it.
If you want this slide in .pptx then you can contact me (fb.com/nephaxor)
Writer:(bit.ly/anonnepal)
Topology
Topology refers to the physical design of the network, while logical topology refers to how data is handled within the network regardless of its physical topology.
Topology
There are five main network topologies: mesh, star, bus, ring, and hybrid. Mesh topology connects each device directly to every other device. Star topology connects each device to a central hub. Bus topology connects all devices to a main cable through drop lines and taps. Ring topology connects each device in a ring to the two devices on either side. Hybrid topology combines two or more topologies, such as a combination of star and mesh.
Network topology
In network topology, i am explaining about how to set a network, how many types of network topology, explanation of each type and its advantages and disadvantages.
Linkedin - https://in.linkedin.com/in/prakharmaurya
Topology
This document discusses three basic network topologies: bus, star, and ring. In a bus topology, all nodes connect to a single cable or trunk. In a star topology, each node connects directly to a central hub. In a ring topology, nodes are connected in a closed loop or circle, with signals passing sequentially from node to node.
Network And Topology
What is network ? Networks categories LAN(local area network), MAN(metropolitan area network), WAN(wide area network) and Topologies like Star topology, Ring topology, Bus Topology, Mesh Topology. Advantage and disadvantages of star topology, Advantage and disadvantages of ring topology, Advantage and disadvantages of bus topology, Advantage and disadvantages of mesh topolog.,
Network topology.
This document discusses different network topologies. A topology refers to the pattern of interconnection between nodes in a network. There are several common topologies including star, bus, ring, tree, graph, and mesh. Each has distinct characteristics regarding how nodes are connected and how data is transmitted. For example, in a star topology there is a central node that all other nodes connect to via a single path, while in a bus topology nodes are connected to a single shared transmission medium and packets of data are transmitted and received. The document provides details on the characteristics of each type of topology.
Computer Network Topologies (with animations)
Computer Network Topologies with animations of packets on the network. Developed for PowerPoint 2010.
Network topology And Its type
Network topology And Its type in detail
If you liked it don't forget to follow me-
SlideShare-www.slideshare.net/gauravyadav65
Instagram-yadavgaurav251
Facebook-www.facebook.com/yadavgaurav251
This really motivates me too help you guys more :D
Network Topology
This document discusses different network topologies. It defines network topology as the layout and connections of devices in a network. It then proceeds to define and compare the characteristics of five common topologies: ring, mesh, star, bus and tree. For each topology it provides details on how the topology is arranged and its advantages and disadvantages. The document concludes by stating it has proven that topologies determine how technology devices communicate over the internet.
Network topologies
Network topologies include single node, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid. The physical arrangement of devices in a network defines its topology. Topologies like star and bus are easier to install and manage while ring and mesh provide better fault tolerance and handle high traffic volumes but require more complex cabling. The choice of topology depends on network size, budget, and fault tolerance requirements.
Bus topology ppt
Bus topology uses a single, long cable called a backbone to connect all devices in a network. Nodes connect to the backbone using droplines and taps, where droplines connect devices to the cable and taps contact the cable's metallic core. Any computer on the bus topology can communicate with any other as they are all connected via the main cable. However, a fault in the backbone stops all transmission and network speed decreases with heavy traffic.
class 11
This document discusses different types of network topologies, including physical and logical topologies. It describes the key differences between physical and logical topologies, and defines six common physical network topologies: bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid. For each topology type, it provides a brief explanation of the network configuration and data flow. The document concludes by noting some important considerations for selecting a physical network topology.
Topology
This document summarizes different network topologies:
- Bus topology connects all nodes to a single backbone cable and messages are broadcast to all nodes. It uses CSMA access method and is mainly used in Ethernet networks.
- Ring topology connects each node to two other nodes in a circular structure. Data travels through all intermediate nodes. Failure of any node causes network failure.
- Tree topology has a root node and other nodes connect hierarchically in groups. It is used in wide area networks and allows easy expansion and management.
- Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. The hub can be passive or active.
- Mesh topology connects every device to every other device through dedicated channels, making it robust
Network topology ? Types of Network Toplogies:Bus, Ring, Mesh, Tree, Star, Hy...
Nework Topology? Types of network topologies:Bus, Ring, Mesh, Tree, Star, hybrid. with Advantages and disadvantages
Assignment5
The document discusses different types of computer network topologies. It defines topology as the structure of how network components are interconnected. The main topologies discussed are bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Bus topology connects all stations to a single backbone cable. Ring topology connects nodes in an endless loop. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub or switch. Tree topology combines characteristics of bus and star topologies in a hierarchical structure. Mesh topology provides multiple redundant connections between all nodes. Hybrid topology combines two or more different topologies.
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
This document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology and describes the two main types: physical and logical. It then provides details on specific topologies including bus, ring, tree, star, mesh, and hybrid. For each topology, it outlines the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The main topologies covered are bus, which uses a single backbone cable to connect all devices; ring, where each device is connected to its neighbor in a circular fashion; and star, which connects all devices to a central hub.
Network Topology
Network topology refers to how devices are arranged in relation to each other on a network. There are two types of topology: physical and logical. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Each has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like cost, speed, reliability, and ease of expansion. A hybrid topology combines elements of different topologies to meet an organization's specific needs.
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This document certifies that a group of 5 students from Shankar Narayan College completed a case study on data communication cables for their semester 2 course in 2012-2013. It provides the names of the students and signatures from their lecturer and head of department, confirming the students satisfactorily completed the required work.
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This document certifies that a group of 5 students from Shankar Narayan College completed a case study on data communication cables for their semester 2 course in 2012-2013. It lists the students and is signed by their lecturer and head of department, with the college stamp. The case study covered coaxial cables, optical fiber cables, and twisted pair cables. It described the basic design and properties of each type of cable as well as their applications and advantages/disadvantages.
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Transmission mediums in computer networks
This document summarizes different types of transmission mediums used in computer networks. It discusses wired mediums like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also discusses key characteristics of each medium such as bandwidth, attenuation, and noise absorption. Wireless or unguided transmission mediums are also briefly introduced. The document provides an overview of the different factors to consider when selecting a transmission medium, including transmission rate, cost, and environmental resistance.
wirings.pptx
This document discusses different types of network cables including unshielded twisted pair (UTP), shielded twisted pair (STP), coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and wireless LANs. It provides details on each cable type such as their bandwidth, size, cost, and uses. The document also covers cable installation guides, RJ-45 connectors, and common wiring standards for Ethernet.
Optical fibers basics
Fiber optic technology allows for high-speed data transmission over long distances. It works by transmitting data as pulses of light through thin glass fibers. There are three main components:
1. An optical transmitter converts electrical signals to light pulses. Lasers and LEDs are commonly used light sources.
2. Glass fiber optic cables act as waveguides to transmit the light pulses. Total internal reflection keeps light contained in the core.
3. An optical receiver converts the light pulses back to electrical signals at the destination. Photodiodes are typically used for detection.
Fiber optic systems have advantages over copper wire like higher bandwidth, immunity to interference, smaller size, and ability to carry more data
GUIDED MEDIA
this topic covered guided media including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable and their working process advantages and applications.
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
Comparison Between Twisted Pair Cable, Coaxial Cable and Fiber Optic Cable
In a communication system, a wire or cable is usually used to connect transmitting and receiving devices. Currently in the market, there are mainly three types of cables deployed in communication systems, which are twisted pair cables, coaxial cables and fiber optic cables. Each type has been widely utilized and applied in different applications. What's the difference between these three kinds of cables? This article will make a comparison between them.
Media assignment gbuusu solomon
This document discusses different types of network media used to transmit data in computer networks. It describes guided (wired) media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also describes unguided (wireless) media such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. The key differences between guided and unguided media are that guided media uses a physical conductor to transmit signals while unguided media broadcasts signals through the air.
cables
The document discusses different types of cables including their components, uses, and advantages/disadvantages. It describes coaxial cables which are used for audio/video transmission and have a center conductor, outer shield, insulation layer, and plastic jacket. Optical fiber cables transmit data using glass or plastic fibers and are used for long-distance telephone lines. Twisted pair cables have two independently insulated wires twisted together to reduce interference and are used widely in Ethernet networks. USB cables connect devices to computers to transfer data and power. Power cables transmit electrical power for various building and industrial applications.
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Comparison Between Twisted Pair Cable, Coaxial Cable and Fiber Optic Cable
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Satellites
Satellites orbit Earth in different types of orbits depending on their purpose. Low Earth orbit satellites like those used for scientific research fly only a few hundred kilometers above Earth and complete an orbit in 90 minutes, allowing them to observe different parts of the planet. Medium Earth orbit satellites, including GPS satellites, fly around 20,000 km above Earth and take 12 hours to orbit. High Earth orbit satellites like communications and weather satellites fly at 36,000 km, taking one day to orbit so they remain stationary over one location on Earth.
Star Topology
A report summarizes an experiment using Cisco Packet Tester to build a star topology network connecting 4 PCs to a hub. The objective was to set the IP addresses of each PC, connect them to the hub, and verify data transfer. Screenshots show the star topology constructed and tables list the PC names and IP addresses used.
Ring Topology
This report summarizes an experiment using Cisco Packet Tester to create a ring topology network connecting 4 laptops. The objective was to connect the laptops to switches in a ring configuration, set the IP addresses on each laptop, and test data transfer across the network. Screenshots were provided of the ring topology diagram and laptop IP addresses which were 195.100.20.1-4.
Mesh Topology
A student submitted a report on configuring a mesh network topology using Cisco Packet Tester for their Computer Network Laboratory course. The report details connecting multiple PCs and switches in a mesh configuration, setting the IP addresses of the PCs, and testing data transfer across the network. Screenshots are included showing the mesh topology built with Cisco Packet Tester between PCs and switches.
MAN (Metropolitan area network)
This report summarizes an experiment using Cisco Packet Tester to build a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) topology connecting multiple personal computers and switches. The objective was to connect PCs to switches and switches to other switches, set the IP addresses of each PC, and test data transfer across the network. Specifically, the experiment involved connecting 5 PCs with IP addresses 196.10.20.1 through 196.10.20.5 to switches to create a MAN configuration.
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LAN (Local area network)
This report summarizes an experiment using Cisco Packet Tester to build a local area network (LAN) topology by connecting personal computers to switches. The objective was to set IP addresses on the PCs named PC0 through PC3 with IP addresses 102.10.10.4, 102.10.10.1, 102.10.10.3, and 102.10.10.2 respectively, and then test data transfer between them. Screenshots were provided of the LAN setup in Cisco Packet Tester and the IP addresses configured on each PC.
Laboratory DNS Server
1) A student named Sanower Hossain Rabbi conducted an experiment using Cisco Packet Tester to set up a laboratory DNS server.
2) The objective was to build a DNS server using Cisco Packet Tester, connect a PC to a switch and the switch to the DNS server, set the DNS server IP, and check that data could be transferred and viewed on a web page.
3) The student documented setting up the DNS server with the name "sanower.com" and IP address 195.10.20.9 and connecting several PCs with different IP addresses to test the server.
Hybrid Topology
This report summarizes an experiment using Cisco Packet Tracer to create a hybrid network topology connecting multiple personal computers and switches. The objective was to build a network integrating two different topologies by connecting PCs to switches and then connecting switches together. The report documents the hybrid topology created, screenshots of the network, the names and IP addresses of 7 PCs connected in the network, and checking data transfer across the network.
DNS Server
This report summarizes an experiment using Cisco Packet Tester to build a DNS server. The objective was to build a DNS server with Cisco Packet Tester, connect a PC to a switch and the switch to the DNS server. The DNS server IP was set, along with the server name and IP. An HTML file was edited on the DNS server. The PC IP and DNS server were then set and data transfer was checked via command and web to confirm name resolution worked between the PC and DNS server.
Bus Topology
This report summarizes an experiment using Cisco Packet Tester to create a bus network topology. It connected multiple personal computers and switches in a bus configuration, assigned each an IP address, and tested data transfer between them. The objective was to build and test a bus network topology with Cisco Packet Tester by connecting PCs to switches and switches to each other, then setting the PC IPs and checking data transfer.
Open Systems Interconnection
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that characterizes computing functions into a set of rules to support interoperability between networking systems. It divides network communication processes into seven smaller layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. Each layer has a specific role like the physical layer deals with transmission of raw bits, the network layer handles routing between devices, and the application layer supports programs that use the network. The model allows networks with different hardware and software to communicate in a standard way.
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This document discusses computer networks and their components. It begins by defining a computer network as a set of devices connected through communication channels or links. It notes that networks allow devices like computers and printers to interact. The document then lists some common network components like NICs, switches, cables, hubs, and routers. It provides more detail on NICs, explaining that they have a MAC address and support transfer rates up to 1000 Mbps. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
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Network Cables
- 1. Class Work 3rd Class Network Cables 1
- 2. Pranab Bandhu Nath Senior Lecturer Dept. of CSE at City University. Sanower Hossain Rabbi ID: 1915002510 Batch: 50th Program: B.Sc. in CSE Submitted To: Submitted By : 2
- 3. Topics Introduction of Network Cable. Major Types Of Network Cables. Fiber Optic Cable. Fiber Optic Cable. Coaxial Cable 3
- 4. Introduction Fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, and coaxial cable are the three main types of network cables used in communication systems. Each of them is different and suitable for various applications. 4
- 5. Major Types Of Network Cables Fiber Optic Cable. Twisted Pair Cable. Coaxial Cable. 5
- 6. Fiber Optic Cable. Fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. Fiber Optic cable has a complicated design and structure. The inside of the cable (the core) must configured in two different ways – Single-mode and multi-mode. When light traveling in an optically dense medium hits a boundary at a steep angle the light is completely reflected. This is called total internal reflection. This effect is used in optical fibers to confine light in the core. 6
- 7. Twisted Pair Cable Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other. Each connection on twisted pair requires both wires. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire which connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. It is made by putting two separate insulated wires together in a twisted pattern and running them parallel to each other which helps to reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires. 7
- 8. Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable is transmission line that consists of a tube of electrically conducting material surrounding a central conductor held in place by insulators and that is used to transmit telegraph, telephone, television, and Internet signals. Coaxial cable works by carrying data in the Centre conductor, while the surrounding layers of shielding stop any signal loss and help reduce EMI (equated monthly installment ). The first layer, called the dielectric, provides distance between the core conductor and the outer layers, as well as some insulation. 8
- 9. Reference 9 1. https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm 2. https://www.firefold.com/blogs/news/common-types-of-networking-cables 3. https://westcoastcomm.com/three-major-types-network-cables-used- communication-systems/