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Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obt.pdf
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obtain carbon energy.
Include an example of each.
Solution
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obtain carbon and energy.
Almost all organisms on the earth need energy to do their work, and carbon to use in building
their chemical structures. And these two (energy and carbon) has to be obtained from external
sources, based on the way they obtain energy and carbon, organisms are broadly classified into
four different groups.
Classification
Obtaining energy and carbon
Examples
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs
They get energy from sunlight and will not depend on other organisms for carbon. Use CO2 as a
carbon source.
All photosynthetic prokaryotes
Plants (eukaryotes)
Chemoautotrophs
These make use of inorganic chemicals as an energy source. For example, H2S, Fe2+ etc and
CO2 will serve as a carbon source.
Archaea living in hydrothermal vents.
Heterotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Use light as an energy source and will use organic molecules as a carbon source. These type of
organisms are rare.
Heliobacteria, non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria etc
Chemoheterotrophs
Use organic molecules like sugars as an energy source.
Use organic molecules like proteins, sugars, fats, nucleic acids, etc. as a carbon source. This type
of nutrition is most common form of nutrition on Earth
Most of the prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and animals
Classification
Obtaining energy and carbon
Examples
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs
They get energy from sunlight and will not depend on other organisms for carbon. Use CO2 as a
carbon source.
All photosynthetic prokaryotes
Plants (eukaryotes)
Chemoautotrophs
These make use of inorganic chemicals as an energy source. For example, H2S, Fe2+ etc and
CO2 will serve as a carbon source.
Archaea living in hydrothermal vents.
Heterotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Use light as an energy source and will use organic molecules as a carbon source. These type of
organisms are rare.
Heliobacteria, non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria etc
Chemoheterotrophs
Use organic molecules like sugars as an energy source.
Use organic molecules like proteins, sugars, fats, nucleic acids, etc. as a carbon source. This
type of nutrition is most common form of nutrition on Earth
Most of the prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and animals.
Microbial nutrition
Microbial nutrition requires both macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus are required in large amounts, while micronutrients such as manganese, zinc and copper are needed in smaller amounts. There are five main types of microbial nutrition defined by their carbon source, energy source and electron source: photolithoautotrophy, photoorganoheterotrophy, chemolithoautotrophy, chemolithoheterotrophy, and chemoorganoheterotrophy. Growth also requires three major factors - amino acids for protein synthesis, and purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis, as well as vitamins which are needed in
microbiology 2.pptx
Bacteria obtain energy, electrons, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients from different sources. For energy, they can use chemicals or light as chemotrophs or phototrophs. Electrons come from reduced inorganic compounds as lithotrophs, or organic compounds as organotrophs. Carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide as autotrophs or organic compounds as heterotrophs. Nitrogen sources include atmospheric nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen like nitrates, or amino acids. Macro elements like calcium, potassium, magnesium, and iron and micro elements such as zinc, copper, and manganese are also required. Vitamins and similar compounds as well as water are needed for bacterial growth and cultivation.
photosynthetic microorganisms (microbial metabolism)
This document discusses different types of microbial phototrophs. It describes oxygenic phototrophs like cyanobacteria which produce oxygen during photosynthesis using water as the electron donor. It also describes anoxygenic phototrophs which do not produce oxygen, including purple sulfur and nonsulfur phototrophs which use inorganic sulfur compounds or hydrogen as electron donors, green sulfur phototrophs which also use inorganic sulfur compounds, and green nonsulfur phototrophs and heliobacteria. Each group is characterized by their electron donors, habitats, and examples of genera.
ENCYCLOPEDIA -Volume 1
Acetylene is the simplest alkyne, used as a fuel in welding and cutting metals. It is produced through the reaction of calcium carbide and water or passing hydrocarbons through an electric arc. Acetylene burns hotter than any other known gas mixture at around 6,000°F. Alcohols contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom. Common alcohols include ethanol and methanol, which have various industrial and medical uses. Amino acids are important organic compounds composed of an amine and carboxylic acid functional group, as well as a side chain. They are the building blocks of proteins and play critical roles outside of proteins.
Chemoautotrophs and photosynthetic eubacteria
Chemolithotrophs are bacteria or archaea that derive energy from inorganic chemical reactions. They can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide using inorganic energy sources like hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ferrous iron, or molecular hydrogen. Most chemolithotrophs are found in extreme environments like deep sea vents or volcanoes. They include nitrifying bacteria that play a key role in the nitrogen cycle, as well as bacteria that oxidize hydrogen, iron, or sulfur. The process of chemolithotrophy allows these organisms to act as primary producers in ecosystems where organic material is scarce.
Microbial nutrition pdf
This document outlines the general nutritional requirements of microbes. It discusses that microbes require an energy source, such as light or chemical compounds; an electron source, which can be organic or inorganic reduced compounds; and a carbon source, where autotrophs can use CO2 and heterotrophs require organic carbon. Microbes also require nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur and special nutrients like amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors. The document contrasts prototrophs, which can grow on minimal media, and auxotrophs, which require complex organic nutrients. It also briefly discusses nutrient transport processes and microbiological media types.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. Chlorophyll, located in chloroplasts, absorbs sunlight and uses the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose through a two-step process - the light reactions and Calvin cycle. Plants appear green because chlorophyll, the main photosynthetic pigment, absorbs most wavelengths of visible light except green, which it reflects, giving leaves their green color.
Recommended
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obt.pdf
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obtain carbon energy.
Include an example of each.
Solution
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obtain carbon and energy.
Almost all organisms on the earth need energy to do their work, and carbon to use in building
their chemical structures. And these two (energy and carbon) has to be obtained from external
sources, based on the way they obtain energy and carbon, organisms are broadly classified into
four different groups.
Classification
Obtaining energy and carbon
Examples
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs
They get energy from sunlight and will not depend on other organisms for carbon. Use CO2 as a
carbon source.
All photosynthetic prokaryotes
Plants (eukaryotes)
Chemoautotrophs
These make use of inorganic chemicals as an energy source. For example, H2S, Fe2+ etc and
CO2 will serve as a carbon source.
Archaea living in hydrothermal vents.
Heterotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Use light as an energy source and will use organic molecules as a carbon source. These type of
organisms are rare.
Heliobacteria, non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria etc
Chemoheterotrophs
Use organic molecules like sugars as an energy source.
Use organic molecules like proteins, sugars, fats, nucleic acids, etc. as a carbon source. This type
of nutrition is most common form of nutrition on Earth
Most of the prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and animals
Classification
Obtaining energy and carbon
Examples
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs
They get energy from sunlight and will not depend on other organisms for carbon. Use CO2 as a
carbon source.
All photosynthetic prokaryotes
Plants (eukaryotes)
Chemoautotrophs
These make use of inorganic chemicals as an energy source. For example, H2S, Fe2+ etc and
CO2 will serve as a carbon source.
Archaea living in hydrothermal vents.
Heterotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Use light as an energy source and will use organic molecules as a carbon source. These type of
organisms are rare.
Heliobacteria, non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria etc
Chemoheterotrophs
Use organic molecules like sugars as an energy source.
Use organic molecules like proteins, sugars, fats, nucleic acids, etc. as a carbon source. This
type of nutrition is most common form of nutrition on Earth
Most of the prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and animals.
Microbial nutrition
Microbial nutrition requires both macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus are required in large amounts, while micronutrients such as manganese, zinc and copper are needed in smaller amounts. There are five main types of microbial nutrition defined by their carbon source, energy source and electron source: photolithoautotrophy, photoorganoheterotrophy, chemolithoautotrophy, chemolithoheterotrophy, and chemoorganoheterotrophy. Growth also requires three major factors - amino acids for protein synthesis, and purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis, as well as vitamins which are needed in
microbiology 2.pptx
Bacteria obtain energy, electrons, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients from different sources. For energy, they can use chemicals or light as chemotrophs or phototrophs. Electrons come from reduced inorganic compounds as lithotrophs, or organic compounds as organotrophs. Carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide as autotrophs or organic compounds as heterotrophs. Nitrogen sources include atmospheric nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen like nitrates, or amino acids. Macro elements like calcium, potassium, magnesium, and iron and micro elements such as zinc, copper, and manganese are also required. Vitamins and similar compounds as well as water are needed for bacterial growth and cultivation.
photosynthetic microorganisms (microbial metabolism)
This document discusses different types of microbial phototrophs. It describes oxygenic phototrophs like cyanobacteria which produce oxygen during photosynthesis using water as the electron donor. It also describes anoxygenic phototrophs which do not produce oxygen, including purple sulfur and nonsulfur phototrophs which use inorganic sulfur compounds or hydrogen as electron donors, green sulfur phototrophs which also use inorganic sulfur compounds, and green nonsulfur phototrophs and heliobacteria. Each group is characterized by their electron donors, habitats, and examples of genera.
ENCYCLOPEDIA -Volume 1
Acetylene is the simplest alkyne, used as a fuel in welding and cutting metals. It is produced through the reaction of calcium carbide and water or passing hydrocarbons through an electric arc. Acetylene burns hotter than any other known gas mixture at around 6,000°F. Alcohols contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom. Common alcohols include ethanol and methanol, which have various industrial and medical uses. Amino acids are important organic compounds composed of an amine and carboxylic acid functional group, as well as a side chain. They are the building blocks of proteins and play critical roles outside of proteins.
Chemoautotrophs and photosynthetic eubacteria
Chemolithotrophs are bacteria or archaea that derive energy from inorganic chemical reactions. They can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide using inorganic energy sources like hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ferrous iron, or molecular hydrogen. Most chemolithotrophs are found in extreme environments like deep sea vents or volcanoes. They include nitrifying bacteria that play a key role in the nitrogen cycle, as well as bacteria that oxidize hydrogen, iron, or sulfur. The process of chemolithotrophy allows these organisms to act as primary producers in ecosystems where organic material is scarce.
Microbial nutrition pdf
This document outlines the general nutritional requirements of microbes. It discusses that microbes require an energy source, such as light or chemical compounds; an electron source, which can be organic or inorganic reduced compounds; and a carbon source, where autotrophs can use CO2 and heterotrophs require organic carbon. Microbes also require nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur and special nutrients like amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors. The document contrasts prototrophs, which can grow on minimal media, and auxotrophs, which require complex organic nutrients. It also briefly discusses nutrient transport processes and microbiological media types.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. Chlorophyll, located in chloroplasts, absorbs sunlight and uses the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose through a two-step process - the light reactions and Calvin cycle. Plants appear green because chlorophyll, the main photosynthetic pigment, absorbs most wavelengths of visible light except green, which it reflects, giving leaves their green color.
Microbial nutrient requirements (part 2)
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of microbes. It notes that carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen requirements are often satisfied together through organic molecules that serve as carbon sources. These molecules can also serve as energy sources if they are reduced. Nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are also important nutrient sources for microbes. Some microbes can use inorganic sources like carbon dioxide, nitrates, sulfates and phosphates while others require organic sources or growth factors obtained from other organisms. The document outlines the various roles of these elements in microbial metabolism and biochemistry.
Hydrocarbon and its derivatives
A hydrocarbon is a molecule whose structure includes only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons form bonds with other atoms in order to create organic compounds.
Hydrocarbon derivatives are based on simple hydrocarbon compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. Hydrocarbon derivatives contain at least one element other than hydrogen or carbon, such as oxygen, nitrogen or one of the halogen atoms (elements in column 7A of the Periodic Table.
Free radicals and antioxidants
The document discusses free radicals and antioxidants. It defines free radicals as unstable chemical species with unpaired electrons that can cause oxidative damage. Free radicals are produced through normal cellular processes but can also be generated by external factors like radiation. They can cause lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein oxidation leading to cell damage associated with aging and diseases. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress.
Nutritional Classification of Bacteria
The document discusses the nutritional classification of bacteria based on their energy source, carbon source, and electron source. There are two main categories - autotrophs, which can synthesize their own organic compounds, and heterotrophs, which obtain organic carbon from other sources. Autotrophs are further divided into phototrophs, which use light as an energy source, and chemotrophs, which use inorganic chemicals. Heterotrophs are divided into photoheterotrophs and chemoheterotrophs based on their energy source. Examples of different bacterial types are provided.
Basic Energy Yielding Mechanism of Chemoautotrophic & Photoautotrophic Bacteria
- The document discusses autotrophs and how they obtain energy and fix carbon. It focuses on two types of autotrophs: chemoautotrophs and phototrophs.
- Chemoautotrophs obtain energy through the oxidation of inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide or ferrous iron. This generates a proton gradient used to produce ATP via electron transport chains. One example is Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
- Phototrophs use light energy to produce ATP through photophosphorylation. They contain light-harvesting pigments like chlorophyll and convert light to chemical energy. There are two types of light reactions: oxygenic and anoxygenic.
Lect. 3 (microbial nutrition and cultivation)
Microbial growth conditions depend on various nutrients and environmental factors. Microorganisms require macronutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrients in small amounts. They also need growth factors like vitamins and amino acids. Temperature, pH, and oxygen levels influence microbial growth. Pure cultures can be isolated using techniques like streak plating that allow single microbial cells to grow into separate colonies.
Nutrition types of bacteria
Bacteria have a variety of nutritional requirements and can be classified based on their carbon, energy, and electron sources. Some bacteria are autotrophs that can use inorganic carbon sources like carbon dioxide, while heterotrophs require organic carbon sources. Autotrophs include photoautotrophs that use light energy and chemoautotrophs that use chemical energy. Bacteria also differ in their energy sources, with phototrophs using light and chemotrophs using chemical compounds. Based on electron donors, bacteria can be lithotrophs using inorganic compounds or organotrophs using organic compounds. Common groups include sulfur, hydrogen, iron, methane, and nitrifying bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria
Nutrition in microorganisms
Microorganisms use different modes of nutrition for their growth and development. Here are some major nutritional modes of microbes
Nutrition of Bacteria.pdf
Nutrition of Bacteria: Bacteria primarily rely on autotrophic and heterotrophic nourishment. Heterotrophic bacteria rely on the food produced by other species, whereas phototrophic bacteria synthesize their own food using a variety of colors. The host cell provides the nutrients and other necessities for parasitic microorganisms. To learn more about bacterial nutrition and the specific form of bacterial feeding, see this article.
Chapter-5-Photosynthesis.pdf
The document discusses several key physiological processes involved in crop production, with a focus on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen through a series of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant leaves through the absorption of light by chlorophyll and other pigments, and generates ATP and NADPH that power the fixation of carbon during the dark reactions. Photosynthesis is vital as it produces organic molecules, oxygenates the atmosphere, and forms the basis of food webs on Earth.
Chapter-5-Photosynthesis.pptx
Physiological processes like photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and translocation affect crop production. Photosynthesis is the most important process whereby plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using chlorophyll and sunlight. It provides energy and organic molecules for plants and the basis for the food chain. The key factors that influence photosynthesis are internal factors like chlorophyll and leaf age and anatomy as well as external environmental factors such as light, temperature, carbon dioxide, and water availability.
Nutrition of microorganism 21 04-11
Ppt on microbial nutrition. what are different nutrient required by microorganism, with a special focus on yeast for those who are dealing with alcoholic fermentation. nutritional classification of microorganism also given
classification of microorganism on the basis of their mode of nutrition.pptx
This document discusses the classification of microorganisms based on their mode of nutrition. It describes three main criteria for classification: carbon source, energy source, and electron source. Based on carbon source, microorganisms are either autotrophs, which produce their own organic carbon from inorganic carbon dioxide, or heterotrophs, which rely on other organisms for organic carbon. Based on energy source, they are either phototrophs, which use light as an energy source, or chemotrophs, which use chemical compounds. Based on electron source, they are either lithotrophs, which use inorganic electron donors, or organotrophs, which use organic electron donors. The document also lists the five main nutritional types
Our Life and Chemistry Chp-2 General Science 9th 10th
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
Chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganism
Introduction
Metabolism in microorganism
Chemoheterotrophs
Types of Chemoheterotrophs
Phototrophs
Photosynthetic microorganism
Classification of Photosynthetic Bacteria
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Types of anoxygenic bacteria
Applications
Conclusion
References
Nutritional requirement by microorganisms
Nutrients are required for microbial growth and act as building blocks and energy sources. The main nutrient requirements for microorganisms include carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and trace elements. Microorganisms can be classified based on their carbon, energy and electron sources as photolithotrophs, photoorganoheterotrophs, chemolithoautotrophs, chemolithoheterotrophs or chemoorganoheterotrophs. Culture media are used to grow microorganisms and include defined, complex, liquid, solid, supportive, enriched, selective and differential media depending on their composition and purpose.
nutritionalrequirementbymicroorganisms-180715045302 (1).pdf
The document discusses the nutritional requirements of microorganisms. It explains that microorganisms require carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other macro and micronutrients to support growth. Specific requirements include carbon sources, energy sources, and electron sources. The document also discusses nutrient uptake mechanisms in microbes and different types of culture media used for growing microorganisms, including defined, complex, supportive, enriched, selective, and differential media. Finally, it describes several techniques for isolating pure cultures of microbes, including spread plating, streak plating, and pour plating.
Intro to Organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry
1. History
2. Properties of Organic Chemistry
3. comparison of Compounds
4. Sources of Organic Compounds
5. Types of Organic Compounds
6.Types of Organic Formula
7. Carbon
8. Structural Formulas of Carbon
9. Isomerism
10 Classification of Organic Compounds
11. HydroCarbons
Metabolism using an electron transport system is classified based on .pdf
Metabolism using an electron transport system is classified based on the nature of the initial
electron donors and terminal electron acceptors. Lithotrophy s defined as the use of A. organic
molecules as the initial electron donors. B. organic molecules as the final electron acceptors. C.
inorganic molecules as the initial electron donors. D. inorganic molecules as the final electron
acceptors. E. Two of the above are correct. Which of the following forms of energy production
does NOT involve the formation of a proton gradient to synthesize ATP? a. Fermentation b.
Oxidative respiration c. Phototrophy d. All forms at energy production require a proton motive
force. Which is false among A-C regarding glycolysis? A. It initially requires energy input in
the form of ATP hydrolysis B. It yields ATP and NADH C. It forms ATP via substrate level
phosphorylation D. none of A-C are false; all are true
Solution
Answer:
1). C. Inorganic molecules as the initial electron donrs
Lithotrophy is the use of an inorganic compound as a source of energy. Most lithotrophic
bacteria are aerobic respirers that produce energy in the same manner as all aerobic respiring
organisms: they remove electrons from a substrate and put them through an electron transport
system that will produce ATP by electron transport phosphorylation. Lithotrophs just happen to
get those electrons from an inorganic, rather than an organic compound.
Lithotrophic sulfur oxidizers include both Bacteria (e.g. Thiobacillus) and Archaea (e.g.
Sulfolobus). Sulfur oxidizers oxidize H2S (sulfide) or S (elemental sulfur) as a source of energy.
Similarly, the purple and green sulfur bacteria oxidize H2S or S as an electron donor for
photosynthesis, and use the electrons for CO2 fixation
2). D. All forms of energy production require a proton motive force
3). D. none of A-C are false; all are true.
Organic and inorganic Substances
The document discusses the differences between organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen bonds, while inorganic compounds do not. Some key differences are that organic materials come from living things, form more complex structures, and contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, whereas inorganic materials are mineral-based and may contain metals. While the distinction is not absolute, in general organic substances are biological in nature and contain carbon, whereas inorganic substances are mineral-based and do not necessarily contain carbon.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
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Microbial nutrient requirements (part 2)
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of microbes. It notes that carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen requirements are often satisfied together through organic molecules that serve as carbon sources. These molecules can also serve as energy sources if they are reduced. Nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are also important nutrient sources for microbes. Some microbes can use inorganic sources like carbon dioxide, nitrates, sulfates and phosphates while others require organic sources or growth factors obtained from other organisms. The document outlines the various roles of these elements in microbial metabolism and biochemistry.
Hydrocarbon and its derivatives
A hydrocarbon is a molecule whose structure includes only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons form bonds with other atoms in order to create organic compounds.
Hydrocarbon derivatives are based on simple hydrocarbon compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. Hydrocarbon derivatives contain at least one element other than hydrogen or carbon, such as oxygen, nitrogen or one of the halogen atoms (elements in column 7A of the Periodic Table.
Free radicals and antioxidants
The document discusses free radicals and antioxidants. It defines free radicals as unstable chemical species with unpaired electrons that can cause oxidative damage. Free radicals are produced through normal cellular processes but can also be generated by external factors like radiation. They can cause lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein oxidation leading to cell damage associated with aging and diseases. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress.
Nutritional Classification of Bacteria
The document discusses the nutritional classification of bacteria based on their energy source, carbon source, and electron source. There are two main categories - autotrophs, which can synthesize their own organic compounds, and heterotrophs, which obtain organic carbon from other sources. Autotrophs are further divided into phototrophs, which use light as an energy source, and chemotrophs, which use inorganic chemicals. Heterotrophs are divided into photoheterotrophs and chemoheterotrophs based on their energy source. Examples of different bacterial types are provided.
Basic Energy Yielding Mechanism of Chemoautotrophic & Photoautotrophic Bacteria
- The document discusses autotrophs and how they obtain energy and fix carbon. It focuses on two types of autotrophs: chemoautotrophs and phototrophs.
- Chemoautotrophs obtain energy through the oxidation of inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide or ferrous iron. This generates a proton gradient used to produce ATP via electron transport chains. One example is Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
- Phototrophs use light energy to produce ATP through photophosphorylation. They contain light-harvesting pigments like chlorophyll and convert light to chemical energy. There are two types of light reactions: oxygenic and anoxygenic.
Lect. 3 (microbial nutrition and cultivation)
Microbial growth conditions depend on various nutrients and environmental factors. Microorganisms require macronutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrients in small amounts. They also need growth factors like vitamins and amino acids. Temperature, pH, and oxygen levels influence microbial growth. Pure cultures can be isolated using techniques like streak plating that allow single microbial cells to grow into separate colonies.
Nutrition types of bacteria
Bacteria have a variety of nutritional requirements and can be classified based on their carbon, energy, and electron sources. Some bacteria are autotrophs that can use inorganic carbon sources like carbon dioxide, while heterotrophs require organic carbon sources. Autotrophs include photoautotrophs that use light energy and chemoautotrophs that use chemical energy. Bacteria also differ in their energy sources, with phototrophs using light and chemotrophs using chemical compounds. Based on electron donors, bacteria can be lithotrophs using inorganic compounds or organotrophs using organic compounds. Common groups include sulfur, hydrogen, iron, methane, and nitrifying bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria
Nutrition in microorganisms
Microorganisms use different modes of nutrition for their growth and development. Here are some major nutritional modes of microbes
Nutrition of Bacteria.pdf
Nutrition of Bacteria: Bacteria primarily rely on autotrophic and heterotrophic nourishment. Heterotrophic bacteria rely on the food produced by other species, whereas phototrophic bacteria synthesize their own food using a variety of colors. The host cell provides the nutrients and other necessities for parasitic microorganisms. To learn more about bacterial nutrition and the specific form of bacterial feeding, see this article.
Chapter-5-Photosynthesis.pdf
The document discusses several key physiological processes involved in crop production, with a focus on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen through a series of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant leaves through the absorption of light by chlorophyll and other pigments, and generates ATP and NADPH that power the fixation of carbon during the dark reactions. Photosynthesis is vital as it produces organic molecules, oxygenates the atmosphere, and forms the basis of food webs on Earth.
Chapter-5-Photosynthesis.pptx
Physiological processes like photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and translocation affect crop production. Photosynthesis is the most important process whereby plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using chlorophyll and sunlight. It provides energy and organic molecules for plants and the basis for the food chain. The key factors that influence photosynthesis are internal factors like chlorophyll and leaf age and anatomy as well as external environmental factors such as light, temperature, carbon dioxide, and water availability.
Nutrition of microorganism 21 04-11
Ppt on microbial nutrition. what are different nutrient required by microorganism, with a special focus on yeast for those who are dealing with alcoholic fermentation. nutritional classification of microorganism also given
classification of microorganism on the basis of their mode of nutrition.pptx
This document discusses the classification of microorganisms based on their mode of nutrition. It describes three main criteria for classification: carbon source, energy source, and electron source. Based on carbon source, microorganisms are either autotrophs, which produce their own organic carbon from inorganic carbon dioxide, or heterotrophs, which rely on other organisms for organic carbon. Based on energy source, they are either phototrophs, which use light as an energy source, or chemotrophs, which use chemical compounds. Based on electron source, they are either lithotrophs, which use inorganic electron donors, or organotrophs, which use organic electron donors. The document also lists the five main nutritional types
Our Life and Chemistry Chp-2 General Science 9th 10th
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
Chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganism
Introduction
Metabolism in microorganism
Chemoheterotrophs
Types of Chemoheterotrophs
Phototrophs
Photosynthetic microorganism
Classification of Photosynthetic Bacteria
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Types of anoxygenic bacteria
Applications
Conclusion
References
Nutritional requirement by microorganisms
Nutrients are required for microbial growth and act as building blocks and energy sources. The main nutrient requirements for microorganisms include carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and trace elements. Microorganisms can be classified based on their carbon, energy and electron sources as photolithotrophs, photoorganoheterotrophs, chemolithoautotrophs, chemolithoheterotrophs or chemoorganoheterotrophs. Culture media are used to grow microorganisms and include defined, complex, liquid, solid, supportive, enriched, selective and differential media depending on their composition and purpose.
nutritionalrequirementbymicroorganisms-180715045302 (1).pdf
The document discusses the nutritional requirements of microorganisms. It explains that microorganisms require carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other macro and micronutrients to support growth. Specific requirements include carbon sources, energy sources, and electron sources. The document also discusses nutrient uptake mechanisms in microbes and different types of culture media used for growing microorganisms, including defined, complex, supportive, enriched, selective, and differential media. Finally, it describes several techniques for isolating pure cultures of microbes, including spread plating, streak plating, and pour plating.
Intro to Organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry
1. History
2. Properties of Organic Chemistry
3. comparison of Compounds
4. Sources of Organic Compounds
5. Types of Organic Compounds
6.Types of Organic Formula
7. Carbon
8. Structural Formulas of Carbon
9. Isomerism
10 Classification of Organic Compounds
11. HydroCarbons
Metabolism using an electron transport system is classified based on .pdf
Metabolism using an electron transport system is classified based on the nature of the initial
electron donors and terminal electron acceptors. Lithotrophy s defined as the use of A. organic
molecules as the initial electron donors. B. organic molecules as the final electron acceptors. C.
inorganic molecules as the initial electron donors. D. inorganic molecules as the final electron
acceptors. E. Two of the above are correct. Which of the following forms of energy production
does NOT involve the formation of a proton gradient to synthesize ATP? a. Fermentation b.
Oxidative respiration c. Phototrophy d. All forms at energy production require a proton motive
force. Which is false among A-C regarding glycolysis? A. It initially requires energy input in
the form of ATP hydrolysis B. It yields ATP and NADH C. It forms ATP via substrate level
phosphorylation D. none of A-C are false; all are true
Solution
Answer:
1). C. Inorganic molecules as the initial electron donrs
Lithotrophy is the use of an inorganic compound as a source of energy. Most lithotrophic
bacteria are aerobic respirers that produce energy in the same manner as all aerobic respiring
organisms: they remove electrons from a substrate and put them through an electron transport
system that will produce ATP by electron transport phosphorylation. Lithotrophs just happen to
get those electrons from an inorganic, rather than an organic compound.
Lithotrophic sulfur oxidizers include both Bacteria (e.g. Thiobacillus) and Archaea (e.g.
Sulfolobus). Sulfur oxidizers oxidize H2S (sulfide) or S (elemental sulfur) as a source of energy.
Similarly, the purple and green sulfur bacteria oxidize H2S or S as an electron donor for
photosynthesis, and use the electrons for CO2 fixation
2). D. All forms of energy production require a proton motive force
3). D. none of A-C are false; all are true.
Organic and inorganic Substances
The document discusses the differences between organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen bonds, while inorganic compounds do not. Some key differences are that organic materials come from living things, form more complex structures, and contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, whereas inorganic materials are mineral-based and may contain metals. While the distinction is not absolute, in general organic substances are biological in nature and contain carbon, whereas inorganic substances are mineral-based and do not necessarily contain carbon.
Similar to TOPIC: NUTRITIONAL TYPES OF BACTERIA.pdf (20)
Basic Energy Yielding Mechanism of Chemoautotrophic & Photoautotrophic Bacteria
Basic Energy Yielding Mechanism of Chemoautotrophic & Photoautotrophic Bacteria
classification of microorganism on the basis of their mode of nutrition.pptx
classification of microorganism on the basis of their mode of nutrition.pptx
Our Life and Chemistry Chp-2 General Science 9th 10th
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Chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganism
Chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganism
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Recently uploaded
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
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The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
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TOPIC: NUTRITIONAL TYPES OF BACTERIA.pdf
- 1. All organisms AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS PHOTOAUTOTROPHS They use light as a source of energy and electron donors are H2O, H2S, S and other sulphur containing inorganic compounds (SOURCE OF CARBON IS CARBON DIOXIDE CO2) (SOURCE OF CARBON ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS MADE BY OTHER ORGANISMS) GREEN SULPHUR BACTERIA PURPLE SULPHUR BACTERIA Carbon Source Source of energy is light e.g. Purple nonsulphur bacteria PHOTOHETERO TROPHS CHEMOHETERO TROPHS These bacteria obtain their energy by breaking down organic compounds PARASITIC SAPROPHYTIC SYMBIOTIC CHEMOAUTOTROPHS They are oxidizable inorganic substance such as H2, H2S, Fe2, Mn2, NO2, NH4 elemental sulphur as sole source of energy NITRIFYING BACTERIA IRON BACTERIA HYDROGEN BACTERIA SULPHARE BACTERIA PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHETIC N U T R I T I O N A L T Y P E S O F B A C T E R I A PALMA, REVEN JADE I. BSED-SCIENCE-3A