The document discusses cultural and ethnic identity from a biblical perspective. It makes three key points:
1. At the beginning and end of Scripture, God intends for humanity to diversify culturally and celebrates this diversity. The Bible shows how cultural identities formed after Noah's flood and will exist in heaven.
2. God honors cultural identity by respecting how people identify themselves. The Bible describes how ethnic identities extended from families and were marked by shared characteristics like language and location.
3. While "race" is a modern concept not in Scripture, the Bible does acknowledge groups with shared ancestry or lineages. In ministry, it is important to understand people's lived experiences with their cultural identities, which are socially constructed
Baha'is and Jews: Some Personal ReflectionsRon Price
Over the last decade, 2005 to 2014, since my retirement from FT, PT and most volunteer work, after an employment-and-student life of half a century, 1954 to 2004, I have often written about the Jews and Judaism with comparisons and contrasts to a people and a religion I have now been associated with for more than 60 years, the Baha'is and the Baha'i Faith. The following 27 pages and 12,000 words provide a series of items containing, as they do, some of these comparisons and contrasts, among other aspects of both the Jewish world and the Baha'i world.
I put the following compilation together after watching Simon Schama's "The Story of the Jews" on SBSONE TV in Tasmania, on 22/3/'14, 8:30 to 9:30 p.m. His interest in the identity of the Jew, now and in history, stimulated my own interest in the identity of the Baha'i, now and in history.-Ron Price, Pioneering Over Five Epochs, 24/3/'14.
Learning Hebrew Literature from The Bible
Even if divinely inspired (“The Word of God) the Bible is still a product of human beings written for human audiences.
The book is a collection of writings
produced by real people who lived in
actual historical times.
The Authors Came from a variety of social positions and professions:
Kings
Shepherds
Doctor
A Tax Collector
Fishermen
It contains genealogies, laws, letters, royal decrees, instructions for building, prayers, proverbial wisdom, prophetic messages, historical narratives, tribal lists, archival data, ritual regulations, and information about personal problems
Poetry-Prayers-Short Stories- Novels- Gospels
The structure
--The Bible as an anthology--a set of
selections produced over a period of
some one thousand years.
*The Old Testament (39 books)
*The New Testament (27 books)
The Old Testament (39 books)
timeline: creation of the universe and of
mankind to the end of BC
subject: history of Israel
original language: Hebrew
*The New Testament (27 books)
timeline: AD to the end of the world
subject: life of Jesus
original language: Greek
Called the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), also called the Torah by the Jews, contain numerous literary forms:
In Genesis, the story of Creation is a literary catalogue distinguished by classification and division and by incremental repetition.
In Genesis Continued: In the first stage or day of Creation, the narrator recounts that God created light, divided it from darkness, and classified the light as day and the darkness as night.
The narrator follows the same pattern in describing subsequent days of Creation. Accordingly, God separates the earth from the sea, then creates the respective creatures dwelling on land and in the water.
“Creation” – numbers (next lecture)
“In the Garden”- Adam and Eve
“The First Murder” – Cain and Abel
“The Great Flood” – Noah and symbols
“Babel” – Theme
“Abraham: A Promise and a Test”- Abraham, Sarah, Hagar, Ishmael, Isaac, Holy Messenger
“Jacob”- (also known as Israel), Isaac, Esau
“Joseph” – Dreams, Joseph, Coat of many colors
“Moses: The Calling” – Moses, Aaron, Burning bush, numbers
“Moses: Challenging Pharaoh” – the Plagues, Passover, Red Sea, Miracles in the Desert
“Samson”- Samson and Delilah
“David” – David, Goliath, Bathsheeba
“Jonah”- Numbers, Symbols,
“Job”- Theme, Theodicy, Comforters
“Daniel”- Daniel, Darius, Dreams, Symbols
Three Major Themes:
Man can be easily tempted toward Sin.
Man must know his place before God and show appropriate deference for authority.
Disobedience is punished!
The story of Adam and Eve in the Garden is Aetiological helping to explain how sin and temptation came into the world.
This is also a charter story that helps to explain marriage.
Finally, the story is instructional in that it teaches human beings subservience to God.
When God sp
Lesson 16: Confusion - The Great DispersionAriane Goo
Gensis 10-11 set the foundation of how human race populated, languages were given to confuse the wicked plan of mankind and nations were formed as they dispersed throughout the world.
Discover the multiple meanings of ‘culture’ and why you belong to many not just one.
Learn about cultural universals: how we are more alike than we are different.
Think about this model for understanding cultural differences.
This is a Resource Group I led/facilitated at the 2009 General Assembly of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Indianapolis, Indiana entitled, "The future is 'at the hyphen.'"
The Resource Group revolved around the Hispanic/Latino(a) experience in the United States, and how the Church is and/or is not responding to it.
This was a great time of sharing, learning, and healing.
Here is a description of the Resource Group:
In English & en Español
Coined by Justo Gonzalez, “at the hyphen” helps express the current state and future of Hispanic/Latino(a) people in the United States. Many Hispanic/Latino(a) children, youth, and adults born in the United States are struggling with their identity and language. Engage in a dialogue about this difficult, yet important topic.
(“El dicho de Justo González “el futuro está en el guión” ayuda a expresar la condición presente y futura de la gente hispana/latina en los Estados Unidos. Muchos niños hispanos, jóvenes y adultos nacidos en los Estados Unidos están luchando con su identidad y lenguaje. Mantener un diálogo sobre este asunto difícil es un tópico importante.)
Baha'is and Jews: Some Personal ReflectionsRon Price
Over the last decade, 2005 to 2014, since my retirement from FT, PT and most volunteer work, after an employment-and-student life of half a century, 1954 to 2004, I have often written about the Jews and Judaism with comparisons and contrasts to a people and a religion I have now been associated with for more than 60 years, the Baha'is and the Baha'i Faith. The following 27 pages and 12,000 words provide a series of items containing, as they do, some of these comparisons and contrasts, among other aspects of both the Jewish world and the Baha'i world.
I put the following compilation together after watching Simon Schama's "The Story of the Jews" on SBSONE TV in Tasmania, on 22/3/'14, 8:30 to 9:30 p.m. His interest in the identity of the Jew, now and in history, stimulated my own interest in the identity of the Baha'i, now and in history.-Ron Price, Pioneering Over Five Epochs, 24/3/'14.
Learning Hebrew Literature from The Bible
Even if divinely inspired (“The Word of God) the Bible is still a product of human beings written for human audiences.
The book is a collection of writings
produced by real people who lived in
actual historical times.
The Authors Came from a variety of social positions and professions:
Kings
Shepherds
Doctor
A Tax Collector
Fishermen
It contains genealogies, laws, letters, royal decrees, instructions for building, prayers, proverbial wisdom, prophetic messages, historical narratives, tribal lists, archival data, ritual regulations, and information about personal problems
Poetry-Prayers-Short Stories- Novels- Gospels
The structure
--The Bible as an anthology--a set of
selections produced over a period of
some one thousand years.
*The Old Testament (39 books)
*The New Testament (27 books)
The Old Testament (39 books)
timeline: creation of the universe and of
mankind to the end of BC
subject: history of Israel
original language: Hebrew
*The New Testament (27 books)
timeline: AD to the end of the world
subject: life of Jesus
original language: Greek
Called the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), also called the Torah by the Jews, contain numerous literary forms:
In Genesis, the story of Creation is a literary catalogue distinguished by classification and division and by incremental repetition.
In Genesis Continued: In the first stage or day of Creation, the narrator recounts that God created light, divided it from darkness, and classified the light as day and the darkness as night.
The narrator follows the same pattern in describing subsequent days of Creation. Accordingly, God separates the earth from the sea, then creates the respective creatures dwelling on land and in the water.
“Creation” – numbers (next lecture)
“In the Garden”- Adam and Eve
“The First Murder” – Cain and Abel
“The Great Flood” – Noah and symbols
“Babel” – Theme
“Abraham: A Promise and a Test”- Abraham, Sarah, Hagar, Ishmael, Isaac, Holy Messenger
“Jacob”- (also known as Israel), Isaac, Esau
“Joseph” – Dreams, Joseph, Coat of many colors
“Moses: The Calling” – Moses, Aaron, Burning bush, numbers
“Moses: Challenging Pharaoh” – the Plagues, Passover, Red Sea, Miracles in the Desert
“Samson”- Samson and Delilah
“David” – David, Goliath, Bathsheeba
“Jonah”- Numbers, Symbols,
“Job”- Theme, Theodicy, Comforters
“Daniel”- Daniel, Darius, Dreams, Symbols
Three Major Themes:
Man can be easily tempted toward Sin.
Man must know his place before God and show appropriate deference for authority.
Disobedience is punished!
The story of Adam and Eve in the Garden is Aetiological helping to explain how sin and temptation came into the world.
This is also a charter story that helps to explain marriage.
Finally, the story is instructional in that it teaches human beings subservience to God.
When God sp
Lesson 16: Confusion - The Great DispersionAriane Goo
Gensis 10-11 set the foundation of how human race populated, languages were given to confuse the wicked plan of mankind and nations were formed as they dispersed throughout the world.
Discover the multiple meanings of ‘culture’ and why you belong to many not just one.
Learn about cultural universals: how we are more alike than we are different.
Think about this model for understanding cultural differences.
This is a Resource Group I led/facilitated at the 2009 General Assembly of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Indianapolis, Indiana entitled, "The future is 'at the hyphen.'"
The Resource Group revolved around the Hispanic/Latino(a) experience in the United States, and how the Church is and/or is not responding to it.
This was a great time of sharing, learning, and healing.
Here is a description of the Resource Group:
In English & en Español
Coined by Justo Gonzalez, “at the hyphen” helps express the current state and future of Hispanic/Latino(a) people in the United States. Many Hispanic/Latino(a) children, youth, and adults born in the United States are struggling with their identity and language. Engage in a dialogue about this difficult, yet important topic.
(“El dicho de Justo González “el futuro está en el guión” ayuda a expresar la condición presente y futura de la gente hispana/latina en los Estados Unidos. Muchos niños hispanos, jóvenes y adultos nacidos en los Estados Unidos están luchando con su identidad y lenguaje. Mantener un diálogo sobre este asunto difícil es un tópico importante.)
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
4. In John 4,
Personal Identity was central in how Jesus reached the
Woman at the Well
5. The woman left her water jar and went into town and said to the
people, “Come, see a man who told me all that I ever did. Can
this be the Messiah?” They came out of the town and were
coming to him.
(John 4:28–30 ESV)
6. Question:
What can you say about the identity of the woman at the well?
How did it shape the way Jesus engaged with her?
7. Self-Identity
Encompasses the memories, experiences, relationships, and
values that create one’s sense of self. This amalgamation
creates a steady sense of who one is over time, even as new
facets are developed and incorporated into one's identity.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/identity
17. Nature of Identity
1. Identity is constructed
2. Identity is socially constructed
3. Identity is composed of Domains
4. Identity domains develop in stages
24. Command to Fill the Earth
God created man in his own image…he created him; male and
female he created them. And God blessed them. And God said to
them, “Be fruitful and multiply and
fi
ll the earth and subdue it,
(Gen 1:27–28 ESV)
25. Formation of Cultural & Ethnic Identity
These are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and
Japheth. Sons were born to them after the
fl
ood. The sons of
Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. The sons of
Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. From these the
coastland peoples spread in their lands, each with his own language,
by their clans, in their nations.
(Gen 10:1–5 ESV)
26. Formation of Cultural & Ethnic Identity
These are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and
Japheth. Sons were born to them after the
fl
ood. The sons of
Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. The sons of
Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. From these the
coastland peoples spread in their lands, each with his own
language, by their clans, in their nations.
(Gen 10:1–5 ESV)
27. Formation of Cultural & Ethnic Identities
ארצ Eretz — Their own lands
לשון Lashon — Their own language
גוי Goyim — Their own people-groups, Nations
משפחה Mishpachah — Their own family groups
28. Ethnic Identity is an extension of family identity
ארצ Eretz — Their own lands
לשון Lashon — Their own language
גוי Goyim — Their own people-groups, Nations
משפחה Mishpachah — Their own family groups
31. God honors family identity in the OT
God honors cultural ethnic identity in the OT
32. Formation of Cultural & Ethnic Identity
These are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and
Japheth. Sons were born to them after the
fl
ood. The sons of
Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. The sons of
Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. From these the
coastland peoples spread in their lands, each with his own
language, by their clans, in their nations.
(Gen 10:1–5 ESV)
33. Formation of Cultural & Ethnic Identities
ד ַ
ָרפּ Parar To divide, separate, diversify,
34. The Cultural Mandate
From Creation, and after the
fl
ood, it seems God intended the human
race care for the earth, to spread, diversify, and create human culture
36. Tower of Babel
Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, and this is only
the beginning of what they will do…let us go down and there confuse their
language, so that they may not understand one another’s speech.” So the
LORD dispersed them from there over the face of all the earth, and they left
(Gen 11:6–8 ESV)
38. After this I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one could
number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and
languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed
in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with
a loud voice, “Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne,
and to the Lamb!” And all the angels were standing around the
throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they
fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, saying,
“Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor
and power and might be to our God forever and ever! Amen.”
(Rev 7:9–12 ESV)
39. After this I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one could
number, from every NATION, from all TRIBE and PEOPLES and
LANGUAGE, standing before the throne and before the Lamb,
clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying
out with a loud voice, “Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the
throne, and to the Lamb!” And all the angels were standing around the
throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell
on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, saying, “Amen!
Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power
and might be to our God forever and ever! Amen.”
(Rev 7:9–12 ESV)
41. ἔ
θνος ethnos
1. A group of people united by kinship, culture, and common traditions, nation,
2. People group foreign to Israel
Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich, Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament,
ἔ
θνος.
42. φυλ
ή
phulee
1. Subgroup of a nation characterized by a distinctive blood line
Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich, Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament, φυλ
ή
.
43. λα
ό
ς Laos
1. People Group, a distributed population,
2. A community,
3. body of people with common cultural bonds and ties to a speci
fi
c territory,
Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich, Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament, λα
ό
ς.
44. γλ
ῶ
σσα glossa
1. Tongue
2. System of words that compose a distinctive language.
Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich, Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament, γλ
ῶ
σσα.
46. Theology of Cultural & Ethnic Identity
1. At the beginning of Scripture — God created men & women with the purpose of
fi
lling the
earth, creating culture, with the idea of cultural identity
2. At the end of Scripture — God celebrates diversity, and the cultural identity of men & women
3. God honors cultural identity — Respecting the way people identify themselves
4. Paul honored cultural identity — in the course of his ministry (see Acts 17)
47. Theology of Cultural & Ethnic Identity
1. At the beginning of Scripture — God created men & women with the purpose of
fi
lling the earth, creating
culture, with the idea of cultural identity
2. At the end of Scripture — God celebrates diversity, and the cultural identity of men & women
3. God honors cultural identity — Respecting the way people identify themselves
4. Paul honored cultural identity — in the course of his ministry (see Acts 17)
5. RACE — as a modern concept, is nowhere found in Scripture
49. Elements of Ethnic Identity
1. Shared Name
2. Shared sense of place
3. Shared history or memories
4. Shared sense of belonging or kinship
5. Shared sense of values or beliefs
Steve Bryan, Cultural Identity and the Purposes of God, 45
50. Nature of Ethnicity
1. Social Construction
2. People-Groups establish boundaries (in-group / out-group)
3. Dominant cultures establish boundaries (Otherness)
4. Ethnicity is constantly changing
5. Ethnic identity is associated with cultural identity
Steve Bryan, Cultural Identity and the Purposes of God, 45
51. Nature of Ethnicity
6. We seek to understand “Lived Experiences”
Culture changes, and ethnicity is a social construct, but in a multicultural
ministry, we seek to understand people’s “lived experiences”
Steve Bryan, Cultural Identity and the Purposes of God, 45
52. Nature of Ethnicity
7. Culture & Ethnicity are rooted in Scripture, but Biological Race is a
modern category with shady history
Steve Bryan, Cultural Identity and the Purposes of God, 45
56. γ
έ
νος (genos)
1. Ancestry, descendant, seed, (ex. Priestly descent)
2. Small group of people with common family ancestry
3. Large people-group with common family lineage, ex. Nation
Bauer, Daner, Arndt, & Gingrich, γ
έ
νος
57. Genos describes groups of people from same ancestor
Genos does not di
ff
erentiate people by physical characteristics
58. The Bible does not categorize people by physical features
60. English Occupation
of Ireland
16th Century
Depiction of Irish as a savage race
Inferior to the British
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, April 29). race summary. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/summary/race-human
61. Categorization of
Labor by Race
White Indentured servants
Irish Workers
American Indian slaves
African Slaves
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, April 29). race summary. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/summary/race-human
62. Scientific Category
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
• Swedish Botanist
• Classi
fi
ed plants and animals
• Classi
fi
ed humans by physical feature
Müller-Wille, S.. "Carolus Linnaeus." Encyclopedia Britannica, March 31, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus.
63. Scientific Category
Johann Blumenbach (1752-1840)
German Anthropologist
Categorized humans into 5 races
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, January 18). Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach