The document provides an overview of the dental pulp, including its embryology, structures, functions, nerves, and conclusion. It discusses how the pulp develops from the fifth week of embryology and continues developing through childhood. It describes the principal cells of the pulp, including odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and immunocompetent cells. The document outlines the layers of the pulp and discusses the microvasculature, interstitial fluid, fibers, ground substance, and nerves found within the pulp. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of thorough knowledge and understanding of the pulp for its preservation and successful management in disease cases.

3. Introduction
Embryology
Structures and functions
Nerves in the pulp
Conclusion
References

5. Transition
headline
1

6. “
The Pulp is a small tissue with big issue

7. Uniqueness
▹ Sensory fibres
▹ Exquisitely responsive system
▹ Neurovascular interactions

8. Purpose!!!

9. Embryology
Development – fifth week
Mineralization – 14th week
Primary teeth – 6 months
Permanent teeth – 5-6years
Third molars

11. Principal cells

12. “
▹Stages in the early tooth development

14. CAP STAGE

15. BELL STAGE

16. STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

17. DENTAL PULP COMPLEX

19. White
Is the color of milk and
fresh snow, the color
produced by the
combination of all the
colors of the visible
spectrum.
DENTINE
STRUCTURE
Black
Is the color of coal,
ebony, and of outer
space. It is the darkest
color, the result of the
absence of or complete
absorption of light.

20. White
Is the color of milk and
fresh snow, the color
produced by the
combination of all the
colors of the visible
spectrum.
DENTINE
STRUCTURE Black
Is the color of coal,
ebony, and of outer
space. It is the darkest
color, the result of the
absence of or complete
absorption of light.

21. Dentin
permeability

22. Dentin
permeability • Increasing depth
• Dentin expose
• Increased permeability
• Increases chemical or
bacterial irritation
Clinical implications

23. Dentin
permeability
▹1. DECREASE IN
MICRO HARDNESS
TOWARDS PULP
▹FACILITATES CANAL
ENLARGEMENTS

24. Dentin
permeability
Surface area of
exposed dentin
ᴕ

25. Dentin
permeability
▹10 to 20 times less in
root
▹Lack of pulpal reaction

26. Dentin
permeability The character of dentin surface can also modify dentin
permeability

27. Smear layer
Slows bacterial
penetration
Permits wide range of
molecules
DEBRIS
Small- faster
Large- slower
Often dissolved

29. Debate: whether to remove smear layer
Removal may increase:
Quality of the seal
Bond strength of resin post

30. What happens when permeating substances reach pulp chamber??????

31. Pulpal blood flow – normal
Blood – 7%
Blood volume : 5-14 times/minute

32. Pulpal blood flow
Interstitial fluid conc.
Injurious agents conc.
Initiate inflammation

34. DENTIN SENSITIVITY

35. DENTAL
PULP

36. DENTAL
PULP
DIFFERENT LAYERS
ODONTOBLAST LAYER CAPILLARIES, NERVE
FIBRES, DENDRITIC
CELLS
CELL FREE ZONE PLEXUS OF
RASCHOW,
CAPILLARIES,
FIBROBLASTIC
PROCESSES
CELL RICH ZONE HIGH DENSITY OF
FIBROBLAST,
UNDIFFERENTIATED
MESENCHYMAL CELLS
PULP PROPER BLOOD VESSELS,
NERVE FIBRES,
FIBROBLAST,
UNDIFFERENTIATED
MESENCHYMAL
CELLS,
IMMUNOCOMPETENT
CELLS, FIBERS AND
GROUND
SUBSTANCES.

37. INTERSTITIAL FLUID Rigid encasement – blood and IF constant
ECF – 63%
Low compliance
Increase in pulpal volume
Blood or IF
Hydrostatic pressure
No noxious stimuli – pressure transitory

38. INTERSTITIAL FLUID Similar to blood plasma
Acts as a middleman between cells
and blood
Substances transported - diffusion
Capillaries are widely distributed

39. CELLULAR
STRUCTURES
FIBROBLAST
ODONTOBLAST
IMMUNO
COMPETENT
CELLS

40. FIBROBLAST

41. ODONTOBLAST

42. ODONTOBLAST

43. ODONTOBLAST

44. Class II major
histocompatability complex
molecules
Dendritic cells
T- lymphocytes
B- lymphocytes and mast cells
not clearly demonstrated

45. FIBERS
GROUND
SUBSTANCE
MICRO
VASCULATURE

46. Collagen – major organic component
Secreted by odontoblast and fibroblast
Several fibres aggregate – collagen bundle
Inelastic, great tensile strength
Fibronectin – mediator for adhesion

47. GROUND SUBSTANCES
Structure less mass, gel-like in
consistency, makes the bulk of the
pulp organ
Complexes of carbohydrates,
proteins and water
Surrounds and supports

48. PULPAL MICROVASCULATURE

49. ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTAMOSIS AND “U” TURN LOOPS
Before the arterioles break up into capillary beds, (AVA) often arise to
connect the arteriole directly to a venule.
 Relatively small vessels - diameter -10 µm.
Their presence is more frequent in the radicular area of the pulp.
The functional role -not completely known

50. ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTAMOSIS AND “U” TURN LOOPS
Capillary density is highest in
the sub odontoblastic region
with loops passing between
odontoblasts

51. ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTAMOSIS AND “U” TURN LOOPS
Capillaries empty into small venules
Successively larger venules
Exit the pulp
Vessels that drain PDL and alv.bone

53. REGULATION OF PULPAL BLOOD FLOW
1. sympathetic α-adrenergic
vasoconstriction
2. β-adrenergic vasodilation,
3. sympathetic cholinergic
vasoactive system
4. an antidromic vasodilation

54. THE STEALING THEORY Place your screenshot here
clinical treatment causing vasodilatation in adjacent
tissues may decrease the circulation to the dental pulp.

55. LOW- COMPLIENCE SYSTEM THEORY Place your screenshot here
In this system, any increase in blood flow or
vasodilation has a limit depending on the degree of
increase in tissue pressure.

56. TRANS CAPILLARY FLUID FLOW Place your screenshot here
The hydrostatic pressure outside the vessels is
normally considerably lower than the blood pressure
inside the capillaries

57. LYMPH
VESSELS
Removal of proteins and macromolecules
Recovery of inflammation
Reversible pulpitis depends
Most lymphatic's – root pulp

58. Peripheral pulp zone
Larger collecting vessels
Larger lymphatic vessels
Apex

59. The fact that materials placed
on pulps can migrate to
lymph nodes indicates the
possibility of the spread of
bacteria or bacterial products
from the pulp.

60. Clinicians should remember this when performing
dental procedures since their placement of materials on
dentin or the pulp may result in widespread
distribution of that material or medicament.

61. Nerves in the pulp

62. Nerves in the pulp

63. NEURO
PEPTIDES
In addition to their vasoactive
functions, stimulated sensory and
autonomic nerves release biologically
active peptides, known as
neuropeptides, that influence neural
activity and functioning.
Synthesized – ribosomes
Processed – ER & GC
Released – nerve terminals

64. DISTRIBUTION
CGRP-IR

65. CGRP-IR close proximity to immunocompetent cells in the pulp
DISTRIBUTION

66. FUNCTION
neuropeptide
CGRP
This presentations uses the following typographies and colors:
▹ Titles: Playfair display
▹ Body copy: Tinos
You can download the fonts on this page:
https://www.google.com/fonts/#UsePlace:use/Collection:Playfair+Display:400,70
0,400italic,700italic|Tinos:400,700,400italic,700italic
Click on the “arrow button” that appears on the top right
▹ Pink #ecc1c8
▹ Dark gray #4d4a56

67. RECEPTORS

68. Preservation of healthy dentin pulp complex
Successful management in cases of disease
Thorough knowledge
Proper understanding
Preservation
Successful management

69. REFERENCES
Ingle’s
ENDODONTICS
6TH EDITION
Cohen:
Pathways of the
Pulp, 9th ed.
Orban’s oral
histology and
embryology 13th
edition
Pashley DH, Kehl T,
Pashley E, Palmer P.
Comparison of in vitro
and in vivo dog dentin
permeability. J Dent Res
1981;60:763.
Rowe NH, editor.
Hypersensitive dentin:
origin and management.
Ann Arbor, MI:
University of Michigan;
Bletsa A, Berggreen E,
Fristad I, et al. Cytokine
signalling in rat pulp
interstitial fluid and
transcapillary fluid
exchange during
lipopolysaccharide-
induced acute
inflammation. J Physiol
2006;573:225–36.

70. THANK YOU