Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
When fetal head is delivered, but shoulders are stuck and cannot be delivered it is known as shoulder dystocia.
The anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind on the symphysis pubis, whilst the posterior shoulder may be in the hollow of the sacrum or high above the sacral promontory.
A brief introduction regarding oxytocics & tocolytics which are the indispensable drugs in obstetrics. It consists of illustrative images, classification of drugs with their dosage, uses & side-effects along with contraindications
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
When fetal head is delivered, but shoulders are stuck and cannot be delivered it is known as shoulder dystocia.
The anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind on the symphysis pubis, whilst the posterior shoulder may be in the hollow of the sacrum or high above the sacral promontory.
A brief introduction regarding oxytocics & tocolytics which are the indispensable drugs in obstetrics. It consists of illustrative images, classification of drugs with their dosage, uses & side-effects along with contraindications
Detailed description of drugs in obstetrics for the midwifery students and beginners. Easy reference in one powerpoint presentation. Key details of drugs are mentioned . All drugs discussed as per INC Nursing syllabus for BSc & MSc Students.
Here is Ppt on Oxytocin ,Uterine Stimulant and Uterine relaxant( tocolytic drugs). this is all you will need to learn for the exam. Hope you like it! #Medicine #pharmacology #health #baby #women #childbirth #uterinestimulant #hormones #science #heathcare #heathtech #brain #pitutarygland #mbbs #bpharm #bams #bhms #bums #bvms
ATOSIBAN Update In Preterm Labor Dr. Sharda Jain Lifecare Centre
PRETERM BIRTH
As defined by the WHO,
Preterm is defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of
pregnancy are completed.
Sub-categories of preterm birth:
Extremely preterm (<28><32><34><37 weeks).
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. MITTAL COLLEGE OF NURSING
AJMER
PRESENTATION ON-
TOCOLYTIC AGENT
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
MISS.SNEHLATA PARASHAR MR.SHIVPAL DHAKAR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSER B.SC NURSING 4TH YEAR
(HOD)OBG BATCH 2017-2018
2. INTRODUCTION
Tocolytics (also called anti-contraction
medications or labor suppressants) are
medications used to suppress premature labor.
Preterm birth accounts for 70% of neonatal
deaths.Therefore, tocolytic therapy is provided when
delivery would result in premature birth, postponing
delivery long enough for the administration
of glucocorticoids, which accelerate fetal lung maturity
but may require one to two days to take effect.
3. DEFINITION
A medication that can inhibit labor, slow down or halt
the contractions of the uterus. Tocolytic agents are
widely used today to treat premature labor and
permit pregnancy to proceed and so permit the fetus
to gain in size and maturity before being born.
4. INDICATION
Generally,from 24 gestation week onward.
Before 37 gestational week.
Sponataneous premature contractions.
No evidence of infection.
No life threatening
5. CONTRA-INDICATION
Several general factors may contraindicate delaying
childbirth with the use of tocolytic medications.
Pregnant woman has severe pregnancy-induced
hypertension.
Fetus weighs less than 2.5 kg.
intrauterine infection is present.
Lethal congenital or chromosomal abnormalities.
Intrauterine fetal demise.
Placental insufficiency.
6. Mechanism of action
Tocolytic agents are drugs designed to inhibit
contractions of myometrial smooth muscle cells.
10. MECHANISM OF ACTION
Mechanism of action :- Activation of intracellular
enzymes (adenylate cyclase, cAMP, Protein kinase,
decreases intracellular free Ca++ ( Ca++) & inhibits
activation of MLCK ( ) Reduced interaction of
actin & myosin smooth muscle relaxation.
11. DOSAGE AND ROUTES
Initial
IV drip 100 mg in 5% dextrose at rate of 0.2 μg per min
Maintainance
IM 10mg 6hourly for 24 hours ,tab 10mg 6-8hourly.
CONTRA-INDICATION
-hypersensitivity
-postpartum
SIDE EFFECTS
-hypotension
-nausea
-tachycardia
12. Magnesium sulphate
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has been
successfully used to inhibit premature labor.
Magnesium sulphate is used mainly for
patients who have contraindications to beta-
adrenergic agents.
Magnesium sulfate used as a second-line
tocolysis .
13. Mechanism of action
Acts by competitive inhibition of Ca2+ ion
either at the motor end place at the cell
membrane reducing calcium influx. es
acetylcholine release & its sensitivity at
motor end plate.
Direct depressant action on uterine muscle.
14. DOSAGE AND ROUTES
Initial
Loading dose 4-6gm IV (10-20% solution) over 20-30
mins.
Maintainance
followed by an infusion of 1-2gm/hr to continue
tocolysis for 12 hrs after the contractions have stopped
Contraindications
Patient with myasthenia gravis , heart block & impaired
renal function.
15. Side effects & precautions :-
* Common maternal side effects are flushing,
perspiration, headache, muscle weakness, rarely
pulmonary oedema.
* Neonatal side effects are lethargy, hypotonia, rarely
respiratory depression.
16. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
Calcium channel blockers such as nifidipine
appear to be powerful uterine relaxant. The
mechanism of action appears to be derived from
blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels
in myometrial cells.
E.g. - Nifedipine, Nicadipine, Verapamil
17. MECHANISM OF ACTION
It blocks the entry of calcium inside the cell.
i.e;block the influx of calcium ions , thereby reducing
the intra cellular calcium,reduces the tone of
myometrium and opposes the contraction.
Nifedipine,which has prominent smooth muscle relaxant
action is effective, if used early.
CONTRA –INDICATION
CHF , Hypotension, aortic stenosis
18. DOSAGE AND ROUTES
can be given by sublingual and oral route i.e; a standard
dosage regimens of 20 mg every 6 hours till uterine
contraction subside.
Side effect
Hypotension, Headache, Flushing , tachycardia and
nausea.
Precautions
Combined therapy with Beta mimetic or MgSO4 should
be avoided.
19. PROSTAGLANDIN INHIBITORS
Indomethacin (Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor)
Suldinac another NSAID is also used as it has less
placental transfer.
Mechanism of action
es synthesis of PGs thereby es intracellular free Ca++,
activation of myosin light chain kinase and uterine
contractions.
20. CONTRA-INDICATIONS
Hepatic diseases, active peptic ulcer ,coagulation
disorders.
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
Loading dose 50mg PO or PR followed by 25mg every 6
hrs for 48 hrs.
SIDE EFFECTS
Maternal
headache,dizziness,nausea,vomiting,diarrhoea,
haematemesis
Neonatal-neonatal pulmonary
hypertension,oligohydraminos,
21. Oxytocin Antagonists
E.g. – Atosiban
is a peptide analogue of oxytocin,acts as an antagonist
at oxytocin receptors.
Has been licensed in UK for use in pre-term labour.
Mechanism of action
blocks myometrial oxytocin receptors. It inhibits
intracellular Ca++ release, release of PGs & thereby
inhibits myometrial contractions
22. CONTRA-INDICATIONS
Hepatic and Renal diseases.
DOSAGE AND ROUTES
Adminstered i.e;6.75mg as a bolus over 1 minute
followed by infusion at 18mg/hour for 3 hours and
6mg/hour for upto 45 hours.
Total duration of treatment not to exceed 48hours and
total dose not to be exceed 330mg.
SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea, vomiting,dyspnea,chest pain
23. Nitric Oxide (NO) Donors
E.g. – Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
Mechanism of action :- Smooth muscle relaxant.
Doses :- Patches
Side effects :- May cause cervical ripening, Headache
24. Conclusion
As I present my topic on tocolytics agent I explain
their mechanism of action , indicaion , side effects ,
complication ,dosage and drugs.
I thanks to MRS. SNEHLATA PARASHAR for guiding
me and helping me, and also thanks to my classmates
for their cooperation.
25. BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOK
1.MATERNAL-FETAL AND NEONATAL MEDICINE
(volume 30)
AUTHOR-DEV MAULIK
2.MIDWIFERY AND GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING
AUTHOR-NEELAM KUMARI,DR.PREETI GUPTA
WEB
1. https://www.slideshare.net/ankita0809/oxytocics-
tocolytics
2. https://www.slideshare.net/SnehlataParashar/diuretics-
and-tocolytics
26. MCQ
1.Tocolytic drugs are used for
(A)Uterine contraction
(B)Bronchodilation
(C)Uterine relaxants
(D)Brochoconstrictor
2.Select the drug which is used for suppress the labour
(A)Atropine
(B)Ritrodine
(C)Prostaglandin E2
(D)Progesterone
