The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
In prosthodontics, replacing the missing, without affecting the other components of the masticatory system has two main reference the maximum intercupation and the centric relation.
In this lecture discussion of centric relation as reference is exposed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Presented by
NAVEEN GOKUL R,
CRI (2023) CARNAZZIANZ,
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS,
PRIYADARSHINI DENTAL COLLEGE - TN
Stents GPT 9th ed - Any supplementary device used in conjunction with a surgical procedure to keep a skin graft in place, often modified with acrylic resin or dental modeling plastic impression compound .
Splints - GPT 9th ed
A rigid or flexible device that maintains in position of a displaced or movable part; also used to protect and assists in stabilization and immobilization of an injured part.
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION –STENTS
MATERIALS USED FOR STENTS
FUNCTIONS OF STENTS
TYPES OF STENTS
DEFINITION –SPLINTS
MATERIALS USED FOR SPLINTS
FUNCTIONS OF SPLINTS
TYPES OF SPLINTS
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN STENTS AND SPLINT THERAPIES
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
In prosthodontics, replacing the missing, without affecting the other components of the masticatory system has two main reference the maximum intercupation and the centric relation.
In this lecture discussion of centric relation as reference is exposed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Presented by
NAVEEN GOKUL R,
CRI (2023) CARNAZZIANZ,
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS,
PRIYADARSHINI DENTAL COLLEGE - TN
Stents GPT 9th ed - Any supplementary device used in conjunction with a surgical procedure to keep a skin graft in place, often modified with acrylic resin or dental modeling plastic impression compound .
Splints - GPT 9th ed
A rigid or flexible device that maintains in position of a displaced or movable part; also used to protect and assists in stabilization and immobilization of an injured part.
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION –STENTS
MATERIALS USED FOR STENTS
FUNCTIONS OF STENTS
TYPES OF STENTS
DEFINITION –SPLINTS
MATERIALS USED FOR SPLINTS
FUNCTIONS OF SPLINTS
TYPES OF SPLINTS
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN STENTS AND SPLINT THERAPIES
Dr. Azad Almuthaffer B.D.S., M.Sc. prosth.
THIRD EDITION 2015-2016
You can download these lectures from (moodle) electronic-learning platform: Or from this link: www.uobabylon.edu.iq/uobcoleges/default.aspx?fid=4 E-mail of lecturer: azadontics@gmail.com
Babylon university College of dentistry
Prosthodontic department
Second class
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Occlusion in complete denture must be developed to function efficiently and with the least amount of trauma to the supporting tissues. this ppt content Difference between artificial and natural dentition
Requirements of complete denture occlusion
Occlusal schemes for complete denture
Axioms for balance occlusion
Theories of occlusion
Concepts of occlusion
balance occlusion
Non-balance occlusion
Conclusion
covers overall every topic of occlusion in complete denture
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Management of odontogenic tumors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Dr. Azad Almuthaffer B.D.S., M.Sc. prosth.
THIRD EDITION 2015-2016
You can download these lectures from (moodle) electronic-learning platform: Or from this link: www.uobabylon.edu.iq/uobcoleges/default.aspx?fid=4 E-mail of lecturer: azadontics@gmail.com
Babylon university College of dentistry
Prosthodontic department
Second class
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Occlusion in complete denture must be developed to function efficiently and with the least amount of trauma to the supporting tissues. this ppt content Difference between artificial and natural dentition
Requirements of complete denture occlusion
Occlusal schemes for complete denture
Axioms for balance occlusion
Theories of occlusion
Concepts of occlusion
balance occlusion
Non-balance occlusion
Conclusion
covers overall every topic of occlusion in complete denture
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Management of odontogenic tumors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Management of odontogenic tumors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Sequelae of wearing complete dentures/ orthodontics training coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Denture stomatitis /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
failures of dental implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Diagnosis & treatment plan for periimplant desease/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Similar to Tissue changes in cd/ dental implant courses (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
5. Microscopic anatomy of the mucous membrane
in oral cavity
Has thinner horny layer than skin.
Sigmund and Weber et.al.: claimed that mucosa
has no horny layer.
Spreng(1945) : demonstrated horny layer in
palatine mucosa and claimed that hornification
is a reaction to the wear and tear produced by
the denture.
Orban(1953) : first to state positively that oral
mucosa has horny layer.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. EPITHELIUM
Its thickness is not
more than 0.20mm
Consists of several
differentiated cells
covered by stratum
corneum
Important as a
protective mechanism
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Stratum corneum
It has a mean thickness of
13.2micron
Appears as homogenous band
stained red
Consists of closely packed
cells which appear to have no
nuclei.
Scrapings from palatal
mucosa shows cells appearing
as fried egg with nucleus in
centre as yolk
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Stratum granulosum
Characterized by
granulation in cytoplasm
Kerato-hyaline granule:
located in basal
parts of the layer as
single granules
Number of cells increase
as they approach the
surface
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Stratum spinosum
cells are polygonal/rounded
connected to each other by
protoplasm in the form of
fibrillar structure called
tonofibrils
In the mesh b/w the fibrils,
tissue fluid facilitate the
metabolism of the cells
Metabolism is facilitated by
extension of the papillae of
connective tissue into the
epithelium
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Stratum basale
Formed by thin layers of
amorphous materials and
of reticular fibers
Demonstrated using PAS
Under EM : seems to
have 1. basal lamina
2.reticular lamina
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Functions
Provide adhesion on one side to epithelial cells and
other side to connective tissue
Act as barriers to the diffusion of molecules
Play role in cell organization
May influence the regeneration of peripheral nerves
after injury
May play a role in re- establishing of neuro- muscular
junctions
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Lamina propria
Characterized by
collagenic and elastic
fibers
Fibers run parallel to the
surface of epithelium and
extend in papillae
perpendicular to their
main course
This wavy course
provides the tissue with
high degree of elasticity
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. sub mucosa
Constitutes major bulk of
the mucous membrane
Contains :
Other components
(blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels and
nerves)
Fatty tissues
Glands
Muscles fibers
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Colonization of the fitting denture surface by
Candida species depends on several factors
Adherence of yeast cells
Interaction with oral commensal bacteria
Redox potential of the site
Surface properties of the denture resin
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Diagnosis
Confirmed by finding of mycelia/pseudohyphae in
a direct smear or the isolation of Candida in high
numbers from the lesions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Thinning of stratum corneum
or absence of keratinization.
Epithelial atrophy &
hyperplasia
Intraepithelial infiltration by
leucocytes.
Lymphocytic infiltration in
underlying connective
tissue.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. Because of diverse possible origin, several
treatment procedures are used like:
Antifungal therapy
Correction of ill-fitting dentures
Efficient plaque control
Surgical care
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Antifungal therapy
Local therapy > nystatin, amphotericin B, miconazole,
clotrimazole
Systemic therapy > ketoconazole , fluconazole
Used mainly in following patients:
After the clinical diagnosis has been confirmed by a mycological
examination
Associated with burning sensation in oral mucosa
When infection has spread to other sites of oral cavity or the
pharynx
Patients with high risk of systemic infections
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Precautions to reduce the risk of relapse
Treatment should continue for 4 weeks
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. When lozenges are prescribed > patient is instructed to
take out the denture during sucking
Meticulous oral and denture hygiene instructions
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Correction of ill-fitting dentures
Rough surface > smoothened and polished
Relining > soft tissue conditioner
classification:
1) short term
a) tissue conditioner
b) functional impression materials
2) long term
heat cure
silicone
cold cure
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. B) acrylic based resins heat cure
cold cure
3) others:
polyvinyl chloride
polyvinyl acetate
polyurethane
hydrophilic acrylates
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. COMPOSITION
In general they are supplied in powder and
liquid form.
POWDER – poly (ethyl methacrylate)
LIQUID – A mixture of aromatic ester and
ethyl alcohol.
The ester behaves as a plasticizer and the
alcohol is penetrated which speeds up the
process.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. On mixing the two together a slurry is
formed. The liquid then penetrates between
the molecules of the powder, a process
accelerated by the ethyl alcohol present
and the whole material becomes stiffer until
a gel is formed, the setting therefore is a
physical process, there being no chemical
reaction involved.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. PREFORMED SHEETS OF ACRYLIC GEL
ARE ALSO AVAILABLE WHICH CAN BE
ADAPTED TO THE SURFACES OF THE
DENTURE.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Method to condition the tissues traumatized by
ill-fitting dentures
Ask the patient not to
wear the dentures for
days – week period
Stimulate the diseased
tissue with a gauze
dipped in warm saline > 3
times a day
Tissue side of the
denture should be clean
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44. Adjust and perfect the occlusion and the vertical dimension
Adjust the periphery
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45. Relieve the tissue side of the denture > about 11/2
mm of
relief is given
Coat the denture base with tissue conditioning material
and insert.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Effective plaque control
Oral hygiene instructions
Denture and partial clasp brushes
Denture cleansing solutions
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. Surgical care
Deep crypt formations in type III :
electro surgery / cryosurgery
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. DETURRENCE / PREVENTION
> Educating the patient
about the oral health care.
> Instructing the patient to
take their dentures out
atleast 8hrs a day.
> Mechanical plague
control & appropriate
denture wearing habits are
important measures.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Angular chelitis
a painful inflammation
at the corners of the
mouth.
Synonyms: angular
stomatitis, perleche,
angular cheilosis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. Predisposing factors
Reduced vertical
dimension
Secondary to denture
stomatitis
Riboflavin and
thiamine deficiency
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. CLINICAL FEATURES
epithelium at the corner of
the mouth appears
wrinkled, macerated, one
or more deep fissures,
cracks which appear
ulcerated & tends to
bleed.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Treatment
Elimination of the primary cause.
Antifungal treatment & supplement antifungal
ointment at the lesion site
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. FLABBY RIDGE
It is due to the
replacement of bone
by fibrous tissue
Common in maxillary
anterior region (when
mandibular anteriors
are remaining)
They offer poor
support to the denture
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. Mechanism
Direction of applied
force of mastication
causes slight rotation of
the denture around the
anterior maxillary
alveolus.
Pressure of the distally
rotating anterior flange
against the labial plate
of bone causes
resorbtion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. The shearing force applied to the periosteum by
friction with the base during rotation results in
fibrous hyperplasia .
When the patient incises the pad, fibrous tissue
is compressed & upward movement of the
maxillary denture causes downward displacement
posteriorly ,with loss of retention in the post dam
area & development of fibrous maxillary
tuberosity.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. TREATMENT
SURGICAL:
i) surgical removal to
improve stability of denture
ii) Augment the alveolar
ridge with biocompatible bone
substitutes
iii) In extreme atrophic
condition, flabby ridges should
not be totally removed
because the vestibular area
will be limited.
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59. Conservative :
judicious selection of impression materials and
technique.
3 technique has been advocated as follow :
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60. A
Special tray made with a window cut in the region of
displaceable tissue
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67. Medium- bodied / monophase elastomer is
loaded
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68. Light body material is syringed in the cut window and
then stabilized by syringing the plaster over the set
elastomer
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70. Special tray with no window and border
molding done
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71. Impression made using ZOE / Monophase elastomer
When set , impression material corresponding to the
displaceable tissue is removed
Tray is perforated
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72. Impression plaster / light body elastomer syringed over
displaceable tissue
Tray is reinserted and the impression is complete
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75. Lesions may be single or
numerous
Composed of flaps of
hyper plastic
connective tissue
Severe inflammation
and ulceration in deep
fissures
Asymptomatic
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76. HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Excessive bulk of fibrous
connective tissue
covered by a layer of
stratified squamous
epithelium
Connective tissue shows
coarse bundle of collagen
fibers with few fibroblast
& blood vessels.
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77. Management
Correction of over extended flanges
Surgical excision if its fibro tic or if the hyperplasia does not
fully subside on correction of over extended flanges.
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78. Traumatic ulcers
Commonly develop within
1 to 2 days after
placement 0f new
dentures
Lesions are painful, small,
and ulcerated
Lesion is covered by a
grey necrotic membrane ,
surrounded by
inflammatory halo with
firm and elevated borders
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80. HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Loss of continuity of the
surface epithelium with the
fibrous exudates covering
exposed connective
tissue.
Infiltration of leucocytes
into the connective tissue
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81. Treatment
Management includes correction of local irritant factors
in the denture.
Not treated > subsequently may develop into denture
irritation hyperplasia
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82. Oral cancer in denture wearers
Associated with chronic
irritation of the mucosa
by the dentures
Case reports > detailed
development of oral
carcinomas in patients
who wear ill-fitting
dentures
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83. Predisposing factors
Heavy alcohol and tobacco use
Lower socioeconomic status
Less education
Prevention
regular recall visits > 6 months – 1 year
interval for comprehensive oral examinations
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84. Burning mouth syndrome
Characterized by a burning sensation in one or several oral
structures in contact with the dentures
Commonly seen at the age of 50 years
Females are affected more
The oral mucosa appears clinically healthy
Clinical signs: absent
Symptoms : gradual in onset associated with pain
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85. Characters of the pain
Gradual in onset
Often present in morning
Aggravated during the day / absent at night
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89. Management
Systematic approach is necessary to identify the
possible causes. symptomatic treatment should
be given.
- Mucosal disease -diagnosis & treat the
mucosal condition.
-Dry mouth - high fluid intake & sialagogue
Any systemic disease present should be identified
& treated.
-Menopause-hormonal replacement
-Nutritional deficiency -oral supplementation.
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90. if no organic basis is found, proper
counseling of the patient, help the patient to
understand the benign nature of the
problem & with subsequent elimination of
fears.
comprehensive prosthetic treatment should
be carried out as collaborative effort of
psychiatrist & prosthodontist
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91. Gagging
Normal , healthy defense mechanism
Functions to prevent the entry of foreign bodies in to the
trachea
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92. Gagging problem in prosthodontic treatment.
Part I : Description and causes, JPD ; 1983:49
FAIGENBLUM’S CLASSIFICATION
Mild :
Experiences nausea with mild stimulus
Will be able to control the stimulus
Severe :
> responds in an exaggerated
manner to physical or psychological stimuli
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93. Five trigger zones identified producing gag
reflex
Fauces ( tonsils )
Base of the tongue
Palate
Uvula
Posterior pharyngeal wall
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94. Clinical behavior ( by khan ) - Intraoral
Puckering of the lips or attempting to close the jaws
Elevating and furrowing the tongue
Elevation of the soft palate and hyoid bone
Fixation of the hyoid bone
Contraction of anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces (tonsils)
Elevation, contraction and retraction of larynx and closure of the
glottis
Simultaneous and uncoordinated respiratory muscle spasm
vomiting
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99. Management – Daniel J. conny and Lisa A.
1983; 49
Clinical techniques
Prosthodontic management
Pharmacologic measures
Psycho logic intervention
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100. Clinical techniques
Surgical ( Leslie ):
Removal of uvula
Shortening of soft palate
Prosthodontic
Impression technique > BORKIN
Provides greater control of setting time
Discrepancies can be easily corrected
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101. Technique
Primary impression > stock tray and red modeling
compound
Secondary impression > by pouring “Kerr impression
wax”
Flexible nature of the wax allows reseating
of the tray and border molding until
desirable results are obtained
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102. Marble technique > SINGER
First visit :
Patient asked to place 5 marbles in his/her mouth > 1 at
time at leisure
Further instructed to keep the marbles continuously for
1 week, except while sleeping and eating
Second visit :
Patients ability to tolerate the marbles was evaluated
Reassured that patient would be able to tolerate the
denture
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103. Third visit :
Primary impression made
Special tray fabricated
Fourth visit :
Lower tray was inserted with 3 marbles in the
mouth
Training bead placed on the lingual aspect of the
tray to maintain proper tongue position
Fifth visit :
Use of marbles discontinued
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104. Sixth visit :
Fabrication of bite rims
Jaw relation
Seventh visit :
Wax – try in made
Eighth visit :
Final denture insertion
This technique admits patient motivation
Has definite risk in aspiration of marbles by the
patient during the procedure
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105. Radiographic > RICHARD’S
use of high – speed film
Preset the timer
Moisten the film pack
Ask the patient to rinse in cool water
Psycho logic > LANDA
Engage the patient in conversation
Make the patient count rapidly from 50 – 100
Have the patient to read aloud
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106. Prosthodontic management
Obtaining proper post – dam
Correcting over – extended borders
Correcting the occlusion
Proper retention
Mattel surface finish
Increasing the free – way space
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107. Pharmacologic measures
Approached when clinical and prosthodontic measures
are ineffective
Their efficacy, however is not universally accepted
Classification
peripherally acting drugs centrally acting
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108. peripherally acting drugs
Topical and local anesthetics
Centrally acting drugs
Antihistamines
Sedatives and tranquilizers
Parasympathocytics
Central nervous system depressants
Psycho logic intervention
• Hypnosis
• Behavioral therapy
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109. RESIDUAL RIDGE REDUCTION
A term used for the
diminished quality &
quantity of the residual
ridge after the teeth are
removed.(GPT-7)
A continuous loss of the
bone tissue after tooth
extraction & placement of
the complete denture
the reduction is the
sequelae of alveolar
remodeling due to altered
functional stimulus of the
bone tissue.
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110. Follows a chronic progressive & irreversible course that
often results in severe impairment of prosthetic
restoration & oral function.
First year after tooth extraction ,the reduction of the
residual ridge in the midsagittal plane
maxilla:2-3mm
mandible:4-5mm
After healing remodeling takes place in decreased
intensity
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111. Etiological factors of reduction of residual
ridges
Anatomical factors :
Short and square face associated with elevated
masticatory forces
Alveoloplasty
Prosthodontic factors :
Intensive denture wearing
Unstable occlusal conditions
Metabolic and systemic factors :
Osteoporosis
Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
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112. CONSEQUENCE OF RR REDUCTION
Apparent loss of sulcus width
& depth
Displacement of muscle
attachment
closer to the crest of the ridge
Loss of vertical dimension of
occlusion
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113. reduction of lower facial
height
Anterior rotation of
mandible & increase in
relative prognathism
Sharp, spiny, uneven
residual ridge & location
of mental foramina closer
to the ridge
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114. Treatment
Preprosthetic surgical initiation such as vestibuloplasties
Severe situations > ridge augmentation procedures
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115. PREVENTVE MEASURES
Dietary / nutrition intervention, estrogen therapy when
indicated, maintenance of teeth & placements of implants.
Supplement of calcium & vit D to reduce the rate of post
extraction remodeling of RR in immediate denture wearers
(Wical & Bruser 1979)
Retaining the tooth as for the over denture abutments.RRR
was found to be 0.6mm in over denture wearers compared
with 5mm in complete denture wearers( Crum &
looney,1978).
Osseo integrated implants as abutment, reduces rate of
resoption of RR than conventional complete
denture( Sennerby et al 1988)
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116. OVERDENTURE ABUTMENTS:
CARIES & PERIODONTAL
DISEASE
Wearing of over denture
are often associated with
high risk of caries &
periodontal disease of
the abutments when oral
hygiene measures are
not adequate.
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117. Etiology
Bacterial colonization beneath the close fitting denture
due to poor oral hygiene
Streptococcus and actinomyces > gingivitis and
periodontitis
streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli > caries
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118. Treatment
Maintain good oral hygiene
Motivate the patient with
regular recall visits at 3 – 6
months intervals
Superficial caries > application
of fluoride- chlorhexidine gel
and polishing
Deep caries > placement of
copings
Periodontal pockets greater
than 4 to 5 mm > surgically
eliminated
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120. Atrophy of masticatory muscles
Computed tomography study > masseter and medial
pterygoid muscle demonstrated greater atrophy in
complete denture wearers
Maximal bite forces tend to decrease in the old age.
Chewing efficiency decreases as the number of natural
teeth is reduced.
Reduced bite force & chewing efficiency are sequelae
caused by wearing the complete denture , resulting in
impaired masticatory function
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121. Diagnosis
Capacity to reduce the test food particles
It has been verified > chewing efficiency
as the number of natural teeth is reduced
Worse for subjects wearing complete
denture
Complete denture wearers need
approximately 7 times more chewing
strokes than subjects with natural dentition
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122. Management
Retention of small number of teeth used as over denture
abutments > role in maintaining the oral function
Completely edentulous patients > placement of implants
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123. Nutritional deficiencies
Nutrition the science of how the body utilizes food to
meet requirements for development, growth, repair and
maintenance
Essential nutrients to maintain good health are
Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
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124. Nutritional deficiencies
Primary > faulty selection of food
Lack of knowledge what to eat
Fat diets
Poor food habits
Food like n dislikes
Poverty
Physical incapacities
Emotional prejudices
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125. Secondary> systemic disorders
Factors that interfere with food intake
Conditions that interfere with digestion
conditions that interfere with absorption
Factors that interfere with metabolism
Conditions that interfere with utilization
Factors that increases nutrition requirements
Factors that cause excessive excretion
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126. Risk factors for malnutrition in
patients with dentures
Eating less than two meals/day.
Difficult chewing and swallowing
Unplanned weight gain or loss of more than 10lb
in the last 6 months.
Undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Loose denture or sore spots under denture
Oral lesions(glossitis,cheliosis,or burning tongue)
Severely resorbed mandible
Alcohol or drug abuse
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127. NUTRITION & THE DENTURE
BEARING TISSUE
Nutritional deficiency
(Proteins, vitamin C & D, Ca)
Alveolar ridge resorption Thin friable mucosa
ILL-Fitting denture Poor force tolerances
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128. ALCOHOLISM, SMOKING &
DENTURE
Decrease in food intake
Multiple nutrient def Dehydration
(Vit B & C)
Thinning of oral mucosa Friable oral mucosa
Abrasion of the denture bearing mucosa
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129. NUTRITION & OVER DENTURE
Cariogenic diet Ca++ deficiency Vit A & C def
Caries of abutment Ridge resorption Poor periodontal
health
Failure of abutment
FAILURE OF OVER DENTURE
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130. Providing nutrition care for
denture wearing patients
Obtain a nutrition history and an accurate record of food intake over
a 3-5 day period or complete a food frequency form
Evaluate the diet: assess nutritional risk
Teach about the components of a diet that will support the oral
musosa,bone health, and total body health
Help patient establish goals to improve the diet
Follow-up to support patient in efforts to change food behaviors.
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131. Dietary counseling for Denture wearers
Diet for the first day after denture insertion :
liquid diet
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132. Diet for the 2nd and 3rd day after denture insertion:
Pureed diet to soft diet
Diet for the fourth day and later:
Soft diet to regular diet as tolerated
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133. CONTROL OF SEQUELAE WITH USE
OF COMPLETE DENTURES
Every effort should be made to retain some teeth in good positions
to serve as over denture abutments.
Proper patient education & good oral hygiene practices.
Patient should be motivated to practice proper denture wearing
habits.
Patients wearing complete dentures should follow a regular control
schedule at yearly intervals so that acceptable fit & stable occlusal
condition to be maintained.
Patients wearing over dentures should follow a program of recall &
maintenance for continuous monitoring of the denture and the oral
tissues
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134. REFERENCE
Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients-BOUCHER.
Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics-WINKLER.
Textbook of complete denture-HEARTWELL.
Complete denture-sharry.
Problems & solution in complete denture prosthodontics-DAVID J.LAMB.
Clinical dental prosthetics-FENN.
Principles & practise of complete denture-IWAO.
Prosthodontics for elderly-BUDTZ-JORGENSEN.
Txtbook of oral pathology-SHAFER.
Oral lesions of interest to prosthodontics JPD1961.
Oral conditions associated with dentures JPD 1958.
Trouble shooting in CD prosthesis JPD 1960.
Candida associated denture stomatitis Aus DJ 1998.
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