introduction,
definition
types
causes etc
Management
Routine ultrasound procedures. These procedures will monitor the size and rate of growth of the aneurysm every 6 months to 12 months as part of a "watchful waiting" approach for smaller aneurysms.
Controlling or modifying risk factors. Steps such as quitting smoking, controlling blood sugar if diabetic, losing weight if overweight or obese, and controlling dietary fat intake may help to control the progression of the aneurysm.
Medication. Medication can control factors such as hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood) and/or high blood pressure.
Surgery
Aneurysm open repair. An incision is made to directly visualize and repair the aneurysm. A cylinder-like tube called a graft may be used to repair the aneurysm. Grafts are made of various materials, such as Dacron The open repair is considered the surgical standard for an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). EVAR is a procedure that requires only small incisions in the groin along with the use of X-ray guidance and specially-designed instruments to repair the aneurysm. With the use of special endovascular instruments and X-ray images for guidance, a stent-graft is inserted via the femoral artery and advanced up into the aorta to the site of the aneurysm.
The condition of your lungs. Chest X-rays can detect cancer, infection or air collecting in the space around a lung (pneumothorax). They can also show chronic lung conditions, such as emphysema or cystic fibrosis, as well as complications related to these conditions. Heart-related lung problems.
An aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel. Aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst, spilling blood in the area surrounding the blood vessel. The disease can occur in the aorta, in a blood vessel in the brain, or in a peripheral blood vessel.
introduction,
definition
types
causes etc
Management
Routine ultrasound procedures. These procedures will monitor the size and rate of growth of the aneurysm every 6 months to 12 months as part of a "watchful waiting" approach for smaller aneurysms.
Controlling or modifying risk factors. Steps such as quitting smoking, controlling blood sugar if diabetic, losing weight if overweight or obese, and controlling dietary fat intake may help to control the progression of the aneurysm.
Medication. Medication can control factors such as hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood) and/or high blood pressure.
Surgery
Aneurysm open repair. An incision is made to directly visualize and repair the aneurysm. A cylinder-like tube called a graft may be used to repair the aneurysm. Grafts are made of various materials, such as Dacron The open repair is considered the surgical standard for an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). EVAR is a procedure that requires only small incisions in the groin along with the use of X-ray guidance and specially-designed instruments to repair the aneurysm. With the use of special endovascular instruments and X-ray images for guidance, a stent-graft is inserted via the femoral artery and advanced up into the aorta to the site of the aneurysm.
The condition of your lungs. Chest X-rays can detect cancer, infection or air collecting in the space around a lung (pneumothorax). They can also show chronic lung conditions, such as emphysema or cystic fibrosis, as well as complications related to these conditions. Heart-related lung problems.
An aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel. Aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst, spilling blood in the area surrounding the blood vessel. The disease can occur in the aorta, in a blood vessel in the brain, or in a peripheral blood vessel.
Aortic Aneurysm: Diagnosis, Management, Exercise Testing, And TrainingJavidsultandar
An aortic aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in the aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart through the chest and torso.
Aortic aneurysms can dissect or rupture:
The force of blood pumping can split the layers of the artery wall, allowing blood to leak in between them. This process is called a dissection.
The aneurysm can burst completely, causing bleeding inside the body. This is called a rupture.
Dissections and ruptures are the cause of most deaths from aortic aneurysms.
DEFINITION:
An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement (dilation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size.
1)Abdominal aortic aneurysm:
2)Thoracic aortic aneurysm:
1)Hardening of the arteries ( Atherosclerosis).
2)Genetic conditions:
Aortic aneurysms in younger people often have a genetic cause –people who are born with Marfan syndrome.
3)Other medical conditions: Inflammatory conditions ,such as giant cell arteritis.
4)Problems with your hearts aortic valve:
Some times people who have problems with the valve.
5)Untreated infection: Such as syphilis or salmonella, and HIV.
6)Traumatic injury: Rarely ,some people who are injured in falls or motor vehicle crashes develop thoracic aortic aneurysms.
RISK FACTORS-1)Age
2)Male gender
3)Hypertension
4)Coronary artery disease
5)Family history
6)High cholesterol
7)Lower extremity
8)Carotid artery disease.
9)Previous stroke
10)Tobacco use
11)Excess weight.
SIGN & SYMPTOMS-
THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSM.
•Constant boring pain, which may occur only when the patient is in the supine position.
Dyspnea, cough( parpoxysmal and brassy).
Hoarseness , stridor ,weakness or completer loss of the voice( aphonia).
Dysphagia.
Dilated superficial veins on chest ,neck, neck or arms.
Edematous areas on chest wall.
Cyanosis
Unequal pupils.
1.Patients complaints of “ heart beating” in abdomen when lying down or a feeling of an abdominal mass or abdominal throbbing.
2.Cyanosis and mottling of the toes if aneurysm is associated with thrombus.
DIAGNOSTIC MEASURE-Chest x.ray , CT angiography ( CTA), and transesophageal electrocardiography( TEE) , are done to reveal abnormal widening of the thoracic aorta.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm : Pulsation of pulsatile mass in the middle and upper abdomen , duplex ultrasonography or CTA is used to determine the size ,length and location of the aneurysm.
Dissecting aneurysm : Arteriography ,CTA,TEE duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA).
COMPLICATION
•Rupture of an aneurysm is the most serious complication.
•If rupture occurs into the retroperitoneal space , bleeding may be controlled by surrounding anatomic structures, preventing exsanguination and death.
MEDICALMANAGEMENT
•The goal of both medical and surgical management is to prevent aneurysm rupture.
•Early detection and prompt treatment are essential .
•Conservative therapy of small asymptomatic AAA’s ( 4-5.5) is the best practice.
This consists of risk factor modification ( ceasing tobacco use , decreasing B.P, optimizing of aneurysm size using ultrasound ,CT, or MRI.
•Growth rates may be lowered with B- adrenergic blocking agents ( eg. Propranolol) , Statins ( eg. Simvastatin) and antibiotics( eg. Doxycycline).
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT-Surgical repair is recommended in patients. with asymptomatic aneurysm 5-5 cm in diameter or larger.
•Surgical procedure are
1)Open aneurysm repair (OAR)
2)Endovascular graft procedure
Neha diwan presentation on aortic aneurysmNEHAADIWAN
An aortic dissection is a serious condition in which a tear occurs in the inner layer of the body's main artery (aorta).Aortic rupture is when all the layers of the aorta wall tear, causing blood to leak out from the aorta often due to a large aortic aneurysm that bursts. This will stop blood being pumped around the body and is life threatening. Ideally an aortic aneurysm will be repaired before a rupture can occur.
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2. 2
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm also known as TAA is: a widening or ballooning
of the Aortic Artery wall (in the Thoracic region)that is fifty percent or greater in
width. TAA has three shapes fusiform, pseudoaneurysm and saccular. Along with
size there are three locations along the Aorta: Ascending, Aortic Arch, and
Descending. there are signs and symptoms that are general and location specific.
Although Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm symptoms are area specific there are
some general symptoms. General symptoms include extreme Pain (in jaw, neck,
upper back chest and/or back), Coughing, hoarseness, or difficulty breathing.
Symptoms of a Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm is a heart failure. Aortic
Arch and Descending symptoms are wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath as
a result of pressure on the trachea, hemoptysis, hoarseness as a result of pressure
on the vocal cords, dysphagia due to pressure on the esophagus and pain in the
chest and/or back.
The leading cause of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm is atherosclerosis. other
causes may be lifestyle choices like smoking, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol and are overweight. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm can be caused by
underlying cause of a disease suchas: Marfan syndrome a genetic connective
tissue disorder, non-specific connective tissue disorders (that run in the family
history of aneurysms), Presence of a bicuspid aortic valve, Syphilis, and
Tuberculosis.
3. 3
thoracic aortic aneurysm can be diagnosed. There is no way to prevent it just
lower the risk of getting it. Test used to find thoracic aortic aneurysm are: chest
xrays of the upper part of your aorta, Echocardiography ( uses sound waves to test
the efficiency of your heart functions), transesophageal echocardiogram (sound
waves are generated from within your bodyby a device threaded down your
esophagus), Computerized tomography (CT) scan ( uses electricity made from
radiation to see your Aorta), (MRA) Magnetic resonance angiography (a machine
that uses magnets to see your Aorta), arteriogram (angiogram) - an x-ray image of
the blood vessels used to evaluate various conditions, and genetic testing to see if it
runs in the family. there are a few thing you can do to lower the risk of getting
thoracic aortic aneurysm like 1) a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fats to
reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, 2) take steps to keep prevent high blood
pressure, 3) genetic testing, 4)periodic ultrasound screenings with your physician.
Treatments for thoracic aortic aneurysm can be through medicine or surgery.
surgery for for the thoracic aortic aneurysm is open repair. For ascending or aortic
arch aneurysm, a large incision through the breastbone(median sternotomy).For a
descending aneurysm , a large incision may extend from the back under the
shoulder blade around the side of the rib cage to just under the breast
(thoracotomy). A endovascular aneurysm repair or EVAR (a procedurewhich
requires only small incisions in the groin, along with the use of x-ray guidance and
specially-designed instruments, to repair the aneurysm by inserting a stent-graft,
inside the aorta. Medications taken are Beta blockers lower your blood pressure by
slowing your heart rate, stains to help reduce blockages in your arteries and
4. 4
Angiotensin II receptor blockers to help relax your blood vessels, which lowers
your blood pressure and makes it easier for your heart to pump blood.
The cure is in the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm. through my
research no information on the etiology was not found. Massage is contraindicated
for people with thoracic aortic aneurysm because the aneurysm is too fragile and
have been known to bustduring transfers to operating tables.
5. 5
References
Aortic Aneurysms. (n.d.). Aortic Aneurysms. Retrieved November 4, 2013,
from
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/conditions_treatments/co
nditions/aneurysms.html
Aortic Aneurysms. (n.d.). Aortic Aneurysms. Retrieved November 4, 2013,
from
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/conditions_treatments/co
nditions/aneurysms.html
Aortic Aneurysms. (n.d.). Aortic Aneurysms. Retrieved November 4, 2013,
from
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/conditions_treatments/co
nditions/aneurysms.html
Aortic Aneurysms. (n.d.). Aortic Aneurysms. Retrieved November 4, 2013,
from
