Thermal pollution occurs when heat is added to bodies of water, changing the temperature. Power plants and industrial facilities often use water as coolant, then return it at higher temperatures, reducing oxygen levels and harming ecosystems. Sources of thermal pollution include nuclear power, coal plants, industrial effluents, and activities that remove shade like deforestation. Effects are decreased oxygen, increased toxicity, and disruption of aquatic organisms' metabolism and development. Control methods center around cooling water in ponds or lakes to dissipate heat before returning water to its source.

1. SEMINAR
Heat Power Engineering

2. Excel polytechnic college
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

3. Title : Thermal Pollutants
Subject : Heat Power Engineering
Section : C
Department of Mechanical
Group Members
:DineshPiran G
:Dheeraj Kumar Rajak
:Damchuilung Gangmei
:Anbuselvan V
:Arithas
:Elakkiyan P
SUBJECT INCHARGE
V.KARTHIKEYAN B.E.,M.E

4. INTRODUCTION :
Thermal pollution is the degradation of
water quality by any process that changes
ambient water temperature. A common cause
of thermal pollution is the use of water as a
coolant by power plants an industrial
manufacturers. When water used as coolant is
returned to the natural environment at a high
temperature, the change in temperature
decrease oxygen supply and affects eco
system composition. Fish and other organism
adapted to particular temperature range can
be killed by an abrupt change in water
temperature known as thermal shock.

5. SOURCES OF THERMAL POLLUTION
 Nuclear power plants
 Coal fired plants
 Industrial effluents
 Domestic sewage
 Hydro-electric power

6. THERMAL POLLUTIONIN STREAMS BY HUMAN
ACTIVITIES
Industries and power plants use water to
cool machinery and discharge the warm
water into a stream.
Stream temperature rises when trees and tall
vegetation providing shade are cut.
Soil erosion caused due to construction also
leads to thermal pollution.
Removal of stream side vegetation.
Poor farming practices also leads to thermal
pollution.

7. EFFECTS OF THERMAL POLLUTION :
 Concentration of dissolved oxygen decreases
with increase in temperature.
 The rising temperature increases the toxicity of
the poison present in water.
 Temperature is considered to be of vital
significance to physiology, metabolism and
biochemical processes that control respiratory
rates, digestion, excretion and overall
development of aquatic organisms.
 Temperature changes cause total disruption to
the entire ecosystem.
 Thermal pollution is directly responsible for
mortality of aquatic organism.

8. CONTROL MEASURES FOR THERMAL POLLUTION
1. Use of water from water systems for cooling
purposes , with subsequent return to water way
after passes through a condenser is called cooling
process.
2. Cooling ponds are the best way to control thermal
discharges.
3. The water coming out from condensers is allow to
pass into the ponds through sprayers.
4. Artificial lakes are the man made water bodies that
once through cooling .
5. The heat is eventually dissipated through
evaporation.

9. “ CONCLUSION “