You can read Thermal pollution, causes and solutions

1. Topic: Thermal pollution
Course instructor: Ma'am Javeria

2. Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in temperature
of natural aquatic environment caused by human
influences.
• Thermal pollution is caused by either dumping
hot water from factories and power plants or
removing trees and vegetations that shade
streams permitting sunlight to raise the
temperature of these waters , release of cold
water which lowers the temperature.

3. Sources of Thermal Pollution
1. Natural sources: There are natural phenomen
a like geothermal activities and active volca
nos that can lead to an Increase in under
ground Water.

4. • Human Activities
1. Power plants: Manufacturing and power plant
s are the most significant contributors to
thermal pollution . They are responsible for
discharging level of heat into nearby
water bodies.

5. 2.Industrial Activities
Individual effluents are another major culprit
and contribute heavily to thermal pollution.
These effluents origanat from different
sources like institutions, manufacturing units ,
They discharge a lot of heat and heat
absorbing materials to the water bodies whe
re they are released.

6. 3. Domestic Sewage
1: In most cases; the domestic wastewater is
released to the water bodies with minimal or no
Sewage has a higher temperature than the water
into which it is being discharged.
4.Deforestation
Deforestation is on the rise and has become a
disturbing global. Deforestation exposes the water bo
dies to the sun's heat .This increase water
pollution and triggers thermal pollution.

7. 5. Soil Erosion
Soil Erosion also cause thermal. Soil Erosion
caused due to construction.Soil erosion cause
the top layer of the soil break and wash away
into the water bodies.

8. Thermal pollution in Streams by human
Activities
 Industries and power plants use water to cool
machinery and discharge warm water into a
stream.
 Stream temperature rais when trees and tall
vegetations providing shade are cut.
 Soil erosion is caused due to construction
also leads to thermal pollution.
 Removal of stream side vegetation
 Poor farming practices also lead to thermal
pollution

9. Effects of Thermal Pollution
1. Reduction in dissolved oxygen:
Concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO)
decreases with increase in temperature.
2. Food shortage for fish :
Warming water temperature , changing
their habitats . Disrupting their food
supply , and leading to scarcity.

10. 3. Interference in biological activity:
Temperature is disturbe metabolism and
biochemical processes, that control respiratory
rates , digestion, excretion and overall
development of aquatic organisms.
4. Interference in reproduction :
In fishes, nest building, spawning, hatching and
reproduction depend on optimum temperature.
Thermal pollution disrupt these phenomenas.

11. 5. Direct Mortality:
Above a certain temperature , fish die due to failure
of respiratory system and nervous system failure.
This cause shortening the life span of fish.

12. Control of Thermal Pollution
• Cooling tower: Cooling tower transf
er heat from hot water to the atmosphe
re by .Cooling tower are of two types:-
• 1.Wet cooling tower : Hote wate
r coming out from condenser is allowe
d to spray over baffles .Cool air w
ith high velocity passed from si
des, take away the heat and cool the

13. 2. Dry cooling tower
Hot water is allowed to flow in long spiral pipes.
Cool air with the help of a fan is passed over
these hot pipes and cool down the water.
Artificial Lacks
Artificial Lacks are man made water bodies.The
heated effluents can be discharged into the lack
at one end and the water for cooling purposes
may be withdrawn from the other end. The heat
is dissipated through evaporation.

14. Thank you