The document discusses the use of "there is/are" in sentences. It explains that "there is" is used for singular nouns while "there are" is used for plural nouns. Some examples are provided to illustrate the different structures for affirmative, negative, question, and quantity questions. The key uses of "there is/are" are summarized along with examples.
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2. We use “there is” for singular nouns and “there are” for
plural ones. For uncountable nouns we only use “there
is”.
e.g. There is (=There’s) one table in the classroom.
There is (=There’s) a spider in the bath.
There are three chairs in the classroom.
There are a lot of people at the bus stop.
There is snow (uncountable) outside.
There is some (=not an exact number) milk in the cup
(uncountable).
There are some oranges (countable).
3. The negative structure is formed by putting
“not” after “is” or “are”:
e.g. There is not( = There isn't) a horse in the field.
There are not (= There aren't) eight children in the
school.
There is not a tree in the garden.
There are not two elephants in the zoo.
4. When we want to indicate that a zero quantity of
something exists we use “there aren't any”.
e.g. There aren't any people at the party.
There aren't any trees in my street.
We also use this structure with uncountable nouns:
e.g. There isn't any water in the swimming pool.
There isn't any sugar in my coffee.
5. To form a question we place “is / are” in front of
“there”.
!!! Again we use any with plural questions or those
which use uncountable nouns.
We also use there is / are in short answers.
e.g. Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.
Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are.
Is there a security guard in the shop? - Yes, there is.
Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? - No, there
aren't.
Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? - Yes, there is.
6. If we want to find out the number of something that exists
we use “How much/many” in the following form:
How many + plural noun + are there(+complement)?
How much + uncountable noun + is there(+complement)?
e.g. How many dogs are there in the park?
How many students are there in your class?
How much meat is there in the fridge?
How much Coke is there in the can?
7. There is an apple and an orange.
There is a box of candies.
There is an apple and two oranges.
But it is better to start with plural!!!
There are two oranges and an apple.
