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Therapy
Preview
•   Psychological Therapies
•   Evaluating Psychotherapies
•   Biomedical Therapies
•   Preventing Psychological Disorders
Psychological Therapies
• Psychotherapy:
  – an emotionally charged, confiding interaction
    between a trained therapist and someone who
    suffers from psychological difficulties.
  – Approximately 250 different psychotherapies.
  – Eclectic Approach – uses different
    psychotherapies depending on the client’s
    needs.
     • “Psychotherapy integration”
Psychological Therapies
• Psychoanalysis
  – Sigmund Freud
  – Interpretation of:
     •   Free associations
     •   Resistances
     •   Dreams
     •   Transferences
  – Bring subconscious motivations to conscious
    mind.
Psychological Therapies
• Humanistic Therapies
  – Client-Centered Therapy
     • Carl Rogers
     • Involves active listening within a genuine,
       accepting, empathic environment.
     • “Nondirective therapy”
     • Unconditional positive regard
Psychological Therapies
• Behavior Therapies
  – Classical Conditioning
     • Systematic Desensitization
        – Progressive relaxation
        – Exposure therapy: gentle
        – Flooding: aggressive confrontation
     • Aversive Conditioning
  – Operant Conditioning
     • Token economy
Psychological Therapies
• Cognitive Therapies
  – Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive
    ways of thinking and acting.
  – Based on the assumption that thoughts
    intervene between events and our emotional
    reactions
     • Stress inoculation training

     • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy – integrated therapy.
Psychological Therapies
• Family Therapy
  – Treats the family as a system.
  – Odds are that what is affecting one person has a
    link to the whole family.

• Group Therapy
  – Good for things like eating disorders
Evaluating Psychotherapies



                 • Who do people
                   turn to for
                   help?
Evaluating Psychotherapies
• Reasons for success among psychotherapies
  – Hope for demoralized people

  – A new perspective

  – An empathic, trusting, caring relationship
Biomedical Therapies
• Drug Therapies
  – Psychopharmacology
     • Antipsychotic Drugs
        – Thorazine for positive schizophrenia
        – Clozaril for negative schizophrenia
     • Antianxiety Drugs
        – Valium and Librium
            » Used for Bipolar Disorder & Generalized Anxiety
              Disorder, not OCD, phobias, or panic disorder
            » Unclear how it works.
Biomedical Therapies
• Drug Therapies
  – Antidepressant Drugs
     • Tricyclics
        – imipramine and amitryptyline

     • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
        – Marplan, Nardil

     • Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):
        – Prozac
Biomedical Therapies
• Electroconvulsive Therapy
  – Used in case of sever, unrelenting depression
  – Modern ECT is very different from early ECT
     • Safer
     • Patient given drugs to sedate beforehand
     • Painless

  – 70% of people who do not respond to other
    treatments get relief with ECT
Biomedical Therapies
• Psychosurgery
  – Prefrontal lobotomies not used anymore.

  – Cingulotomy
     • Partial destruction of structure in limbic system

     • Results show some success with fewer side effects
Preventing Psychological
       Disorders
Preventing Psychological
            Disorders
• Be happy
Preventing Psychological
            Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
Preventing Psychological
            Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
Preventing Psychological
            Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
Preventing Psychological
            Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
• Have faith
Preventing Psychological
            Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
• Have faith
• Get married
Preventing Psychological
            Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
• Have faith
• Get married
• Have someone you can talk to

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Therapy Unit slides

  • 2. Preview • Psychological Therapies • Evaluating Psychotherapies • Biomedical Therapies • Preventing Psychological Disorders
  • 3. Psychological Therapies • Psychotherapy: – an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties. – Approximately 250 different psychotherapies. – Eclectic Approach – uses different psychotherapies depending on the client’s needs. • “Psychotherapy integration”
  • 4. Psychological Therapies • Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud – Interpretation of: • Free associations • Resistances • Dreams • Transferences – Bring subconscious motivations to conscious mind.
  • 5. Psychological Therapies • Humanistic Therapies – Client-Centered Therapy • Carl Rogers • Involves active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment. • “Nondirective therapy” • Unconditional positive regard
  • 6. Psychological Therapies • Behavior Therapies – Classical Conditioning • Systematic Desensitization – Progressive relaxation – Exposure therapy: gentle – Flooding: aggressive confrontation • Aversive Conditioning – Operant Conditioning • Token economy
  • 7. Psychological Therapies • Cognitive Therapies – Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. – Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions • Stress inoculation training • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy – integrated therapy.
  • 8. Psychological Therapies • Family Therapy – Treats the family as a system. – Odds are that what is affecting one person has a link to the whole family. • Group Therapy – Good for things like eating disorders
  • 9. Evaluating Psychotherapies • Who do people turn to for help?
  • 10. Evaluating Psychotherapies • Reasons for success among psychotherapies – Hope for demoralized people – A new perspective – An empathic, trusting, caring relationship
  • 11. Biomedical Therapies • Drug Therapies – Psychopharmacology • Antipsychotic Drugs – Thorazine for positive schizophrenia – Clozaril for negative schizophrenia • Antianxiety Drugs – Valium and Librium » Used for Bipolar Disorder & Generalized Anxiety Disorder, not OCD, phobias, or panic disorder » Unclear how it works.
  • 12. Biomedical Therapies • Drug Therapies – Antidepressant Drugs • Tricyclics – imipramine and amitryptyline • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) – Marplan, Nardil • Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): – Prozac
  • 13. Biomedical Therapies • Electroconvulsive Therapy – Used in case of sever, unrelenting depression – Modern ECT is very different from early ECT • Safer • Patient given drugs to sedate beforehand • Painless – 70% of people who do not respond to other treatments get relief with ECT
  • 14. Biomedical Therapies • Psychosurgery – Prefrontal lobotomies not used anymore. – Cingulotomy • Partial destruction of structure in limbic system • Results show some success with fewer side effects
  • 16. Preventing Psychological Disorders • Be happy
  • 17. Preventing Psychological Disorders • Be happy • Don’t do drugs
  • 18. Preventing Psychological Disorders • Be happy • Don’t do drugs • Be nice to yourself and others
  • 19. Preventing Psychological Disorders • Be happy • Don’t do drugs • Be nice to yourself and others • Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
  • 20. Preventing Psychological Disorders • Be happy • Don’t do drugs • Be nice to yourself and others • Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird • Have faith
  • 21. Preventing Psychological Disorders • Be happy • Don’t do drugs • Be nice to yourself and others • Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird • Have faith • Get married
  • 22. Preventing Psychological Disorders • Be happy • Don’t do drugs • Be nice to yourself and others • Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird • Have faith • Get married • Have someone you can talk to

Editor's Notes