IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR ELECTRONICS COOLINGIAEME Publication
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concern the generation, use, conversion and exchange of thermal energy, heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified in to various mechanisms such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation & transfer of energy by phase change. Most of the electronic equipment are low power and produce negligible amount of heat in their operation. Some devices, such as power transistors, CPU's, & power diodes produce a significant amount of heat. so sufficient measures are need to be taken so as to prolong their working life and reliability.
The present trend in the electronic packaging industry is to reduce the size and increase the performance of the equipment. As the power of these systems increases and the volume allowed diminishes, heat flux or density is spiraled. The cooling of modern electronic components is one of the prime areas for the application of thermal control techniques. Of the many thermal-cooling techniques, forced air-cooling being one such extensively used technique due to its simple design and easy availability of air. The present study is to design an air cooled high power electronic system to dissipate heat from selected electronic components.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An experimental investigation of annular fins under forced convectioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat transfer characteristics under forced convection are investigated experimentally by varying parameters like surface area,
base-to-ambient temperature difference and Reynolds number. To investigate the performance of fins experimentally, fins made of
aluminium (high thermal conductivity) are taken. For varying the surface area fin with 11 mm diameter without circumferential
fins, fin with 31 mm diameter and annular fins of 31 mm diameter are taken as specimens. Base to ambient temperature difference
is varied with the aid of dimmerstat ranging from 25W to 45W. Reynolds number is also varied by varying the velocities of air.
Velocities are varied by the aid of fan. Then these fins are tested under different load conditions, different Reynolds number by
varying the surface area of fins increase the rate of heat transfer. With the variation of relevant parameters under forced
convection heat transfer rates are analyzed experimentally. Experiments are conducted by using the annular fins, fin with
diameter 11mm without circumferential fins and fin with diameter 31mm at different Reynolds number and loads under forced
convection and comparison is made between fins. Experimental results shows that forced convection heat transfer rate from fins
depend on surface areas, base ambient temperature difference and Reynolds number. The base temperature for annular fins is
reduced by 30% when compared to fin with diameter 11mm due to increase in surface area about 40%. The base temperature for
annular fins is reduced by 10% when compared to fin with diameter of 31mm due to decrease in surface area about 41%. It is
also observed that at higher heat load i.e., 45W, the overall fin efficiency of annular fins is increased by 44% and 8% compared to
fin with diameter of 11mm and 31mm respectively. At higher Reynolds number range 800-2000, heat transfer rate increases in
annular fins due to more number of air molecules get in contact with the heated surface
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR ELECTRONICS COOLINGIAEME Publication
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concern the generation, use, conversion and exchange of thermal energy, heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified in to various mechanisms such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation & transfer of energy by phase change. Most of the electronic equipment are low power and produce negligible amount of heat in their operation. Some devices, such as power transistors, CPU's, & power diodes produce a significant amount of heat. so sufficient measures are need to be taken so as to prolong their working life and reliability.
The present trend in the electronic packaging industry is to reduce the size and increase the performance of the equipment. As the power of these systems increases and the volume allowed diminishes, heat flux or density is spiraled. The cooling of modern electronic components is one of the prime areas for the application of thermal control techniques. Of the many thermal-cooling techniques, forced air-cooling being one such extensively used technique due to its simple design and easy availability of air. The present study is to design an air cooled high power electronic system to dissipate heat from selected electronic components.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An experimental investigation of annular fins under forced convectioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat transfer characteristics under forced convection are investigated experimentally by varying parameters like surface area,
base-to-ambient temperature difference and Reynolds number. To investigate the performance of fins experimentally, fins made of
aluminium (high thermal conductivity) are taken. For varying the surface area fin with 11 mm diameter without circumferential
fins, fin with 31 mm diameter and annular fins of 31 mm diameter are taken as specimens. Base to ambient temperature difference
is varied with the aid of dimmerstat ranging from 25W to 45W. Reynolds number is also varied by varying the velocities of air.
Velocities are varied by the aid of fan. Then these fins are tested under different load conditions, different Reynolds number by
varying the surface area of fins increase the rate of heat transfer. With the variation of relevant parameters under forced
convection heat transfer rates are analyzed experimentally. Experiments are conducted by using the annular fins, fin with
diameter 11mm without circumferential fins and fin with diameter 31mm at different Reynolds number and loads under forced
convection and comparison is made between fins. Experimental results shows that forced convection heat transfer rate from fins
depend on surface areas, base ambient temperature difference and Reynolds number. The base temperature for annular fins is
reduced by 30% when compared to fin with diameter 11mm due to increase in surface area about 40%. The base temperature for
annular fins is reduced by 10% when compared to fin with diameter of 31mm due to decrease in surface area about 41%. It is
also observed that at higher heat load i.e., 45W, the overall fin efficiency of annular fins is increased by 44% and 8% compared to
fin with diameter of 11mm and 31mm respectively. At higher Reynolds number range 800-2000, heat transfer rate increases in
annular fins due to more number of air molecules get in contact with the heated surface
The overall convection heat transfer coefficients for long horizontal rectangular fin
arrays are low because the surfaces in the inner region are poorly ventilated. In this
study, perforations through the fin base are introduced to improve ventilation with
cold air from below the fin base. Aluminum fin arrays with length L= 380mm, fin
height H = 38mm, fin thickness tf = 1mm, and fin spacing S = 10mm are analyzed
experimentally and numerically using ANSYS 14.0 so as to obtain the temperature
distribution along the fin height and fin length. In this work the fin array
configurations are tested experimentally with two different heater input as 50W and
65W. The heat transfer coefficient for fin array with perforations in fin base increased
by the enhancement factor of 1.49 and
1.42 as compared to fin array without perforation with 50W and 65W heater input
respectively. The heat transfer coefficient for the same fin configuration is also
increased with increase in heater input from 50W to 65W. Experimental and
numerical results for the temperature distribution show a difference of 5-9%. The
distribution of heat flux obtained with ANSYS 14.0 quantitatively follows the trend of
the same reported in the literature review.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Journals
Abstract The prime objective of present work is to study experimentally the heat transfer augmentation through various geometries of dimpled surfaces in longitudinal and lateral directions. In this paper horizontal rectangular plates of copper and aluminum with different dimpled geometries (like square, circular and triangular) for in-line arrangements were studied in natural convection with steady laminar external flow condition. The various parameters considered for study are Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate for a constant Prandtl number (0.7) and Grashof number (104-107).It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases for various dimpled surfaces as compared to plane surface. It has been also found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases along longitudinal direction as compared to lateral direction. And it is seen that heat transfer rate is maximum for triangular shape dimple when the apex of triangle is faced towards inlet of air flow Finally it is concluded that heat transfer enhancement takes place along the dimpled surface
Design and Experimental Analysis of Rectangular Wavy Micro Channel Heat sinkAM Publications
An experimental investigation has been explore in order to study the flow of fluid and heat transfer characteristics on a Rectangular Wavy microchannel heat sink. Various applications are envisaged for the use of microchannel heat sink in electrical and electronic power generation and distribution. The Heat sink with microchannel is designed on an Aluminium specimen with Rectangular Wavy configuration with a channel cross section of 1mm x 0.5mm.To improve the heat transfer performance of the cooling system is achieved by using nanoparticles in the fluid passing through the microchannel heat sink. Results are presented by using different concentration (with 1% to 3%) of Nano fluids in water for the heat sink. Various cooling characteristics including thermal resistance, temperature drop and pressure drop across the microchannel heat sink are analysed for different volume concentrations, different volumetric flow rates and Reynolds number. Other significant characteristics for the measurement of heat transfer characteristics across this microchannel heat sink are also analysed and presented in this experiment.
Engineering Project involving design,manufacturing, testing of Fins( Heat exchanger for 2 wheeler). An analysis of heat transfer on fins with various geometrical perforations.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Using Triangula...IJERA Editor
Solar heat has been thrust area of research to explore renewable energy utilisation for the past few decades. In
solar air heaters artificial roughness is tried on the surface of the absorber plate by adding small roughness
elements to enhance the heat transfer rate. In the present work triangular protrusion are provided to act as
roughness elements over the surface of the aluminum absorber plate. The experimental study is carried out on
the effect of change in apex angle of protrusions on the heat transfer rate by keeping the other design parameters
unchanged. Maximum heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance between the range of apex angle 300
and 600 is studied. The Nusselt number is between 50 and 110, friction factor 4.5-6.7x10-3, Stanton number is 6-
14x10-3. The heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance are observed to be maximum for 450 apex
angle and least for the 600 plate.
A Thesis on Design Optimization of Heat Sink in Power ElectronicsIJERA Editor
The heat sinks are used in electronic systems to remove heat from the chip and effectively transfer it to the ambient. The heat sink geometry is designed by the mechanical engineers with the primary aim of reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink for better cooling in the electronic systems. Due to the proximity of the heat sink with the ICs, the RF fields created by RF currents in the ICs/PCBs gets coupled to heat sinks. Hence, the coupled RF current can cause radiated emission. This radiated noise from the device can couple and disturb the functioning of the nearby electronic systems. Also this radiated emission from the device poses a problem to the system compliance with respect to EMI/EMC regulations. The international EMI/EMC standards require the radiated emission from the electronic devices to be kept below the specified limits. As a result the design of Heat Sink is very important factor for the efficient operation of the electronic equipment. In this project design optimization of a Heat sink in a Power amplifier is performed to reduce the weight and size .Power amplifier is electronic equipment mounted in an army vehicle. The power modules inside the amplifier generates a heat of 1440 Watts and a temperature of 140 0c.Two Heat sinks are used to dissipate the heat generated inside the equipment and maintain a temperature of less than 850c. The existing heat sink which is being used is weighing around 10.3kgs and height of 51mm; as a result the unit is very robust. The objective of my project is To design & optimize the heat sink to reduce the weight and size. The optimized heat sink should also dissipate heat generated by power modules and maintain a temperature of less than 850c inside. To achieve the design a steady state thermal analysis will be performed on the heat sink and plot the Temperature distribution on the fins. Based on the above analysis results we will increase/decrease the number of fins, thickness of fins, and height of fins to reduce the weight of the heat sink. We will perform CFD analysis of the power amplifier by mounting the optimized heat sink and plot temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure. Efforts are made to optimize temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure by reorienting the power modules in the enclosure. UNIGRAPHICS software is used for 3D modeling SOLID WORKS FLOW SIMULATION software is used for thermal and CFD analysis.
Performance Evaluation of Thermoelectric Materials: A Case Study of Orthorhom...inventionjournals
Designers often face the predicament of non-standardized and poor performing materials for thermoelectric module manufacturing. Other than analytical means, the only method to evaluate the performance of thermoelectric materials would be through experimental means. This work studies the experimental approach employed in performance investigation of thermoelectric materials using Orthorhombic SnSe crystals as a case study. The result obtained reveals the high thermoelectric conversion efficiency of orthorhombic crystals, and that they can operate as both low and high temperature thermoelectric material.
Increasing Inductor Lifetime by Predicting Coil Copper Temperatures PaperFluxtrol Inc.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the customer demands for improved induction coil lifetime. This has led to several publications in recent years by induction tooling manufacturers [1-4]. The main conclusion in these papers is that besides mechanical crashes the cause of most induction coil failures is localized overheating of the coil copper due to insufficient cooling.
What is lacking from these publications is any way to determine what is sufficient cooling. In this paper, a scientific method for determining local copper temperatures will be presented. This will include evaluations of heat transfer coefficients for different sections of a multi-component inductor, dependence of heat transfer coefficient on water pressure and water passage cross-section, non-uniform power density distributions in various 2-D cross-sections and the resulting temperature distribution in the copper winding. The effects of duty cycle on optimal design will also be considered.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The overall convection heat transfer coefficients for long horizontal rectangular fin
arrays are low because the surfaces in the inner region are poorly ventilated. In this
study, perforations through the fin base are introduced to improve ventilation with
cold air from below the fin base. Aluminum fin arrays with length L= 380mm, fin
height H = 38mm, fin thickness tf = 1mm, and fin spacing S = 10mm are analyzed
experimentally and numerically using ANSYS 14.0 so as to obtain the temperature
distribution along the fin height and fin length. In this work the fin array
configurations are tested experimentally with two different heater input as 50W and
65W. The heat transfer coefficient for fin array with perforations in fin base increased
by the enhancement factor of 1.49 and
1.42 as compared to fin array without perforation with 50W and 65W heater input
respectively. The heat transfer coefficient for the same fin configuration is also
increased with increase in heater input from 50W to 65W. Experimental and
numerical results for the temperature distribution show a difference of 5-9%. The
distribution of heat flux obtained with ANSYS 14.0 quantitatively follows the trend of
the same reported in the literature review.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Journals
Abstract The prime objective of present work is to study experimentally the heat transfer augmentation through various geometries of dimpled surfaces in longitudinal and lateral directions. In this paper horizontal rectangular plates of copper and aluminum with different dimpled geometries (like square, circular and triangular) for in-line arrangements were studied in natural convection with steady laminar external flow condition. The various parameters considered for study are Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate for a constant Prandtl number (0.7) and Grashof number (104-107).It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases for various dimpled surfaces as compared to plane surface. It has been also found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases along longitudinal direction as compared to lateral direction. And it is seen that heat transfer rate is maximum for triangular shape dimple when the apex of triangle is faced towards inlet of air flow Finally it is concluded that heat transfer enhancement takes place along the dimpled surface
Design and Experimental Analysis of Rectangular Wavy Micro Channel Heat sinkAM Publications
An experimental investigation has been explore in order to study the flow of fluid and heat transfer characteristics on a Rectangular Wavy microchannel heat sink. Various applications are envisaged for the use of microchannel heat sink in electrical and electronic power generation and distribution. The Heat sink with microchannel is designed on an Aluminium specimen with Rectangular Wavy configuration with a channel cross section of 1mm x 0.5mm.To improve the heat transfer performance of the cooling system is achieved by using nanoparticles in the fluid passing through the microchannel heat sink. Results are presented by using different concentration (with 1% to 3%) of Nano fluids in water for the heat sink. Various cooling characteristics including thermal resistance, temperature drop and pressure drop across the microchannel heat sink are analysed for different volume concentrations, different volumetric flow rates and Reynolds number. Other significant characteristics for the measurement of heat transfer characteristics across this microchannel heat sink are also analysed and presented in this experiment.
Engineering Project involving design,manufacturing, testing of Fins( Heat exchanger for 2 wheeler). An analysis of heat transfer on fins with various geometrical perforations.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Using Triangula...IJERA Editor
Solar heat has been thrust area of research to explore renewable energy utilisation for the past few decades. In
solar air heaters artificial roughness is tried on the surface of the absorber plate by adding small roughness
elements to enhance the heat transfer rate. In the present work triangular protrusion are provided to act as
roughness elements over the surface of the aluminum absorber plate. The experimental study is carried out on
the effect of change in apex angle of protrusions on the heat transfer rate by keeping the other design parameters
unchanged. Maximum heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance between the range of apex angle 300
and 600 is studied. The Nusselt number is between 50 and 110, friction factor 4.5-6.7x10-3, Stanton number is 6-
14x10-3. The heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance are observed to be maximum for 450 apex
angle and least for the 600 plate.
A Thesis on Design Optimization of Heat Sink in Power ElectronicsIJERA Editor
The heat sinks are used in electronic systems to remove heat from the chip and effectively transfer it to the ambient. The heat sink geometry is designed by the mechanical engineers with the primary aim of reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink for better cooling in the electronic systems. Due to the proximity of the heat sink with the ICs, the RF fields created by RF currents in the ICs/PCBs gets coupled to heat sinks. Hence, the coupled RF current can cause radiated emission. This radiated noise from the device can couple and disturb the functioning of the nearby electronic systems. Also this radiated emission from the device poses a problem to the system compliance with respect to EMI/EMC regulations. The international EMI/EMC standards require the radiated emission from the electronic devices to be kept below the specified limits. As a result the design of Heat Sink is very important factor for the efficient operation of the electronic equipment. In this project design optimization of a Heat sink in a Power amplifier is performed to reduce the weight and size .Power amplifier is electronic equipment mounted in an army vehicle. The power modules inside the amplifier generates a heat of 1440 Watts and a temperature of 140 0c.Two Heat sinks are used to dissipate the heat generated inside the equipment and maintain a temperature of less than 850c. The existing heat sink which is being used is weighing around 10.3kgs and height of 51mm; as a result the unit is very robust. The objective of my project is To design & optimize the heat sink to reduce the weight and size. The optimized heat sink should also dissipate heat generated by power modules and maintain a temperature of less than 850c inside. To achieve the design a steady state thermal analysis will be performed on the heat sink and plot the Temperature distribution on the fins. Based on the above analysis results we will increase/decrease the number of fins, thickness of fins, and height of fins to reduce the weight of the heat sink. We will perform CFD analysis of the power amplifier by mounting the optimized heat sink and plot temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure. Efforts are made to optimize temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure by reorienting the power modules in the enclosure. UNIGRAPHICS software is used for 3D modeling SOLID WORKS FLOW SIMULATION software is used for thermal and CFD analysis.
Performance Evaluation of Thermoelectric Materials: A Case Study of Orthorhom...inventionjournals
Designers often face the predicament of non-standardized and poor performing materials for thermoelectric module manufacturing. Other than analytical means, the only method to evaluate the performance of thermoelectric materials would be through experimental means. This work studies the experimental approach employed in performance investigation of thermoelectric materials using Orthorhombic SnSe crystals as a case study. The result obtained reveals the high thermoelectric conversion efficiency of orthorhombic crystals, and that they can operate as both low and high temperature thermoelectric material.
Increasing Inductor Lifetime by Predicting Coil Copper Temperatures PaperFluxtrol Inc.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the customer demands for improved induction coil lifetime. This has led to several publications in recent years by induction tooling manufacturers [1-4]. The main conclusion in these papers is that besides mechanical crashes the cause of most induction coil failures is localized overheating of the coil copper due to insufficient cooling.
What is lacking from these publications is any way to determine what is sufficient cooling. In this paper, a scientific method for determining local copper temperatures will be presented. This will include evaluations of heat transfer coefficients for different sections of a multi-component inductor, dependence of heat transfer coefficient on water pressure and water passage cross-section, non-uniform power density distributions in various 2-D cross-sections and the resulting temperature distribution in the copper winding. The effects of duty cycle on optimal design will also be considered.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study on security and quality of service implementations in p2 p overlay netw...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and implementation of a fuzzy based tsunami warning systemeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Sdci scalable distributed cache indexing for cache consistency for mobile env...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Utilization of pulverized plastic in cement concrete as fine aggregateeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Attributes enhancing industrial productivity an empirical analysiseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A study model on the impact of various indicators in the performance of stude...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design and implementation of path planning algorithm for wheeled mobile robot...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The heat transfer and friction factor were
experimentally investigated in a louvered strip inserted tube in
turbulent flow region. A copper tube of (I.D=28mm, O.D=32mm)
and 900mm length was used. A louvered strip insert with
different geometrical configuration was inserted into the smooth
tube. A uniform heat flux condition was created by wrapping
heating tape of 2500 watt around the test section. Fibre glass
cloth was used as a thermal insulator which surrounds the
heating tape. Outer surface temperature of the tube were
measured at five different equally spaced points of test section by
k-typethermocouples. Two thermocouples were used to measure
the inlet and outlet temperature of water. The Reynolds numbers
were varied in the range of 2500 to 4000 with constant heat flux
of 24 kw/m2 for smooth tube and louvered strip inserted. Nusselt
number and friction factor obtained for louvered strip (with
forward backward arrangement) > Nusselt number and friction
factor for louvered strip (with semi-forward semi-backward
arrangement)> Nusselt number and friction factor for louvered
strip (with forward arrengement).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhancing heat transfer surface are used in many
engineering applications such as heat exchanger, air conditioning,
chemical reactor and refrigeration systems, hence many
techniques have been investigated on enhancement of heat
transfer rate and decrease the size and cost of the involving
equipment especially in heat exchangers. One of the most
important techniques used are passive heat transfer technique.
These tchniques when adopted in Heat exchanger proved that the
overall thermal performance improved significantly. This paper
reviews experimental and numerical works taken by researchers
on this technique since 2004 such as twisted tape, wire coil, swirl
flow generator, etc. to enhance the thermal efficiency in heat
exchangers and useful to designers implementing passive
augmentation techniques in heat exchange. The authors found
that variously developed twisted tape inserts are popular
researched and used to strengthen the heat transfer efficiency for
heat exchangers. The other techniques used for specific work
environments are studied in this paper. Twisted tape inserts
perform better in laminar flow than turbulent flow. However, the
other several passive techniques such as ribs, conical nozzle, and
conical ring, etc. are generally more efficient in the turbulent flow
than in the laminar flow.
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
Theoretical investigations on standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Heat transfer enhancement through different circular diametrical dimple surfa...eSAT Journals
Abstract The prime objective of present work is to study experimentally the heat transfer enhancement through different circular diametrical dimple surfaces in longitudinal and lateral directions. In this paper horizontal rectangular plates of Stainless Steel and Galvanised Iron with different circular diametrical dimples (like 11mm , 14mm ) for in-line arrangements were studied in forced convection with varying laminar external flow condition. The various parameters considered for study are Reynolds Number, Nusselt number, Prandtl Number, Co-efficient of Friction, Heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate for a constant Prandtl number (0.698) It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases for various dimple surfaces as compared to plane surface. It has been also found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases along longitudinal direction as compared to lateral direction. And it is seen that heat transfer rate is maximum for larger diameter (14mm) of dimple. For circular dimples, heat transfer enhancements (relative to a flat plate) were observed for Reynolds number range from 350 to 550. Index Terms: Dimple plates, Forced Convection, Heat transfer Enhancement
The main objectives of the heat transfer analysis is to enhance the heat transfer rate from system to
surrounding. To transfer the heat from any system either by conduction or convection medium. Both modes of
heat transfer has been enhanced by providing an additional equipments in the outer periphery of the heat transfer
system.Fins are basically mechanical structures which are used to cool various structures by the process of
convection. Most part of their design is basically limited by the design of the system. But still certain parameters
and geometry could be modified to better heat transfer. In most of the cases simple fin geometry is preferred such
as rectangular fins and circular fins. Many experimental works has been done to improve the heat release of the
internal combustion engine cylinder and improves fin efficiency.This study presents the results of air flow and
heat transfer in a light weight automobile engine, considering fins with dimple to increase the heat transfer rate.
An analysis has been using ANSYS WORKBENCH version 12.0 was conducted to find the optimum number of
dimples to maximizing the heat transfer across the Automobile engine body. The results indicate that the
presence of fins with dimple shows improved results on the basis of heat transfer.
Enhancement of the output power generated from a hybrid solar thermal systemeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigates the output power and increased the efficiency of a hybrid Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) modules through utilizing the heat generated from the surface of panels by one axial tracking of the hybrid PV/Tsystem by means of zenith angle and decreasing the heat generated from the PV modules by controlling the flow rate of the system. A comparison between theoretical and experimental work results for fixed and tracking PV/T hybrid system is presented. Comsol software package used to simulate the electromagnetic waves produced by the sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics In the second part of the experimental work, one axial sun-tracking system is designed where the movement of a photo-voltaic module is controlled to follow the Sun’s radiation using a Data acquisition card (DAQ) unit. Finally an active cooling system is designed and conducted to cool the fixed and tracking modules at which an absorber system consists of copper pipe welded with aluminium plate is attached underneath the PV modules to allow water flowing below the modules. In addition to the above an electrical analysis for both systems are presented where I-V, P-V, power with 12 mourning hour’s and electrical efficiency. Beside that the thermal analysis for the fixed and tracking PV modules and the piping water are presented where the input, output temperatures, the total energy of heat losses and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total electrical efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; Comsol Multiphysics; Mat lab; Solid work; Lab view.…
In day-to-day life, we come across many processes where we see the usage of heat exchangers. Some
examples where heat exchangers are extensively utilized are air conditioning plants, thermal power plants, food
processing plants etc. The basic requirement in these industries is to utilize the heat energy used in the heat
exchangers efficiently. This can be done either by developing new designs that are energy efficient or by
modifying the present designs in such a manner that they give better performance under the same working
conditions. Hence, heat exchangers that would provide more heat transfer at the minimum size and cost are
requirement of the present industries. Hence they use the various heat transfer technique for enhance the heat
transfer rate. In this paper review of research work in last decade on heat transfer enhancement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
EFFECT OF BAFFLES GEOMETRY ON HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT INSIDE CORRUGATED DUCTIAEME Publication
The turbulent heat transfer and friction inside a corrugated square duct inserted
with various baffles geometries have been studied experimentally. Five types of baffles
(flat, rectangular, semicircular, triangular and trapezoidal) are attached on top and
bottom walls of the duct. The effects of duct wavy surface, baffle geometry, baffle
position and flow Reynolds number are examined. Air is used as the working fluid
with Reynolds number ranged from 3442.6 to 17213.19 under constant wall heat flux.
Experimental results show obtained for average Nusselt numbers and friction factor.
The results indicate that the trapezoidal baffled geometry provides a higher thermal
performance than the other type baffled one. The present work showed that the highest
thermal performance factor under the same pumping power obtained from the
experiments, is about 2.26 times more than that of plain duct. Also, it is found that the
thermal performance of the baffles attach on the bottom wall of the duct is higher than
the other baffles attach on the top
Cfd and conjugate heat transfer analysis of heat sinks with different fin geo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Heat sinks are commonly used for cooling of electronic devices. Heat sinks, an array of heat fins, remove the heat from the surfaces of the chips by enhancing the heat Transfer rate through heat conduction process. Heat can also be removed from the chip surfaces through forced convection heat transfer. In this project work, CFD and conjugate heat transfer analysis is carried out for various fin geometries with Zigzag, Fluted, Slanted mirror, Custom pin fin and staggered array configurations for low thermal resistance and minimum pressure drop. Numerical simulations are carried out for each of the above mentioned fin geometries with common base plate thickness of 2 mm, fin height of 28 mm and fin thickness of 1 mm for three different heat loads namely 50 W, 75 W and 100 W with air flow of 3.933 m/s (15 ft3/min or 15 CFM) and air inlet temperature of 25oC. The results are compared for thermal performance of a heat sink for each of above geometries and it is observe that the fin with Slanted Mirror geometry gives the best performance among all the other geometries for minimum Pressure drop. The average heat transfer coefficients for fins with slanted mirror geometry, zig zag configuration, fluted type, custom pin fin and staggered array are found to be 215 W/m2K, 164 W/m2K, 164 W/m2K, 157 W/m2K and 145 W/m2K respectively Keywords: Fin geometries of Heat sinks, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Conjugate heat transfer.
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Experimental investigation on the effect of fin pitch on the performance of plate type fins
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 382
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF FIN PITCH ON
THE PERFORMANCE OF PLATE TYPE FINS
Praveen Pandey1
, Rozeena Praveen2
, S.N.Mishra3
1
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engg Deptt, MMMEC Gorakhpur, U.P., India, ppande@gmail.com
2
M.Tech. Student, Mechanical Engg Deptt, KNIT Sultanpur, U.P, India, rozeena.parveen45@gmail.com
3
Professor, Mechanical Engg Deptt, KNIT Sultanpur, U.P, India, snmishraknit@gmail.com
Abstract
Heat transfer enhancement devices are widely used in various industrial, transportation, or domestic applications such as thermal
power plants, means of transport, heating and air conditioning systems, electronic equipments and space vehicles. In all these
applications, improvements in the efficiency of heat exchangers can lead to substantial cost, space and materials savings.
The research work summarized in this paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of fin pitch on the fin performance
using plate type fins. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory using a test rig having provisions for attaching plate type fins
to a flat base plate. The experiments were conducted for different fin pitch settings. Three plate type fins were used in this study. Three
fin pitch settings 1cm, 2cm, 3cm were employed under free and forced heat transfer conditions. The heat transfer area was kept the
same. The fin performance parameters heat transfer coefficient, base temperature and temperature profile along the length of the fin
were studied and compared for different cases. Experimental results show that the effect of fin pitch on fin performance is significant.
The effect is more pronounced at higher air flow velocities over the fin surface. The maximum increase in convection heat transfer
coefficient value obtained is about 20 percent. The increase in heat transfer coefficient value is also manifested by a corresponding
decrease in the fin base temperature.
Key word: Extended surface heat transfer, plate type fin, fin pitch
----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Extended surface heat transfer plays a very important role in
heat exchangers involving a gas as one of the fluids. A heat
exchanger is a device which is used to transfer thermal energy
between two or more fluid, between a solid surface and a
fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different
temperatures and in thermal contact. Not only are heat
exchangers often used in the process, power, petroleum, air-
conditioning, refrigeration, cryogenic, heat recovery,
alternative fuel, and manufacturing industries, they also serve
as key components of many industrial products available in
the market. The heat exchangers can be classified in several
ways such as, according to the transfer process, number of
fluids and heat transfer mechanism.
Heat exchangers, on the basis of constructional details, can be
classified into tubular, plate-type, extended surface and
regenerative type heat exchangers. The tubular and plate–type
exchangers are the primarily used surface heat exchangers
with effectiveness below 60% in most of the cases.
One of the most common methods to increase the heat transfer
is by providing extended surface (fins) with an appropriate fin
density (fin frequency, fins/m) as per the requirement. This
addition of fins can increase the surface area by 5 to 12 times
the primary surface area. These types of exchangers are
termed as extended surface heat exchangers. Plate-fin and
tube-fin heat exchangers are the two most common types of
extended surface heat exchangers.
Plate type extended surface heat exchangers have corrugated
fins mostly of triangular or rectangular cross-sections
sandwiched between the parallel plates. These are widely used
in automobile, aerospace, cryogenic and chemical industries,
electric power plants, propulsive power plants, systems with
thermodynamic cycles i.e. heat pump, refrigeration etc. and in
electronic, gas-liquefaction, air-conditioning, waste heat
recovery systems etc. They are characterized by high
effectiveness, compactness (high surface area density), low
weight and moderate cost. The next category is Tube-Fin Heat
Exchangers; these heat exchangers may further be classified as
(a) conventional and (b) specialized tube-fin exchangers.
Tube-fin exchangers are employed when one fluid stream is at
a high pressure and/or has a significantly higher heat transfer
coefficient than that of the other fluid stream. In a
conventional tube-fin heat exchanger, the transfer of heat takes
place by conduction through the tube surface.
Bergles et al [1] identified about 14 enhancement techniques
used for the heat exchangers. These enhancement techniques
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 383
can be classified into active and passive techniques. Passive
techniques do not require any type of external power for the
heat transfer augmentation, whereas, the active techniques
need some power externally, such as electric or acoustic fields
and surface vibration.
A variety of enhanced surface studies have been previously
performed that have evaluated heat transfer and flow
distribution of enhanced heat transfer surfaces. Webb [2]
presents a performance evaluation for enhanced surfaces that
relates heat transfer and surface area. Li and Chen [3] used
infrared thermography to investigate the performance of plate-
fin surfaces under confined impinging jet conditions. Sahin
and Demir [4] discuss heat transfer rates from fins and how
they can be improved by employing slots or porosity.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE
Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the experimental
setup. It consist of a vertical rectangular duct supported by a
bench mounted stand .A test section which consist of a base
plate in the duct, on which plate type fin are installed. The
base plate is secured by a quick release catch on each side. An
electric heating element is fitted at the back side of the base
plate. With thermostatic protection of overheating, the
temperature at the base is monitored by a thermocouple sensor
with connecting lead. A fan is situated at the top of the duct
provides the air stream in the duct with variable speed. Air
velocity in the duct, whether natural or forced, is indicated on
a portable anemometer. The anemometer probe is inserted
through the wall of the duct. A thermocouple probe permits
measurement of air temperature, together with surface
temperature of pins and fins. These temperatures are
determined by inserting the probe through access holes in the
duct wall. An independent bench mounted-console contains
temperature measurement, power control, and fan speed
control circuit with appropriate instrumentation. Temperature
measurement, to a resolution of 0.1°C, is affected using
thermocouple sensor with direct digital read- out in °C. An
electric console incorporates a solid state power regulator with
a digital read-out to control and indicate power supply to
exchanger on test. The exchanger is connected to the console
via the supply lead. Power is supplied to the equipment via a
supply lead connected to the rear of the electric console. The
power control circuit provides a continuously variable,
electrical output of 0-100W with a direct read-out in Watts.
Fig.1 Schematic Diagram for the Experimental Setup
Fig.2 Photograph of the test section
The base plate in the test section is a smooth Aluminum plate
of size 100 mm length and 110mm width. The base plate is
made slotted type for fixing fins into slots. The plate is divided
in nine equidistant slots. The distance between two adjacent
slots is kept 10mm. Plate type fins of size 100 mm length,
68mm width and 1mm thick are mounted on the base plate.
The whole experiment was carried out on this base plate by
changing the fin pitch and fin arrangement. This experimental
set-up is basically built up for the performance of fin by
changing the pitch distance.
3. Fin Analysis Methodology
The rate of heat transfer from the fin
𝑄𝑜 = 𝑝ℎ𝐾𝐴
1
2
ℎ
𝑚𝐾
+tanh 𝑚𝑙
1+
ℎ
𝑚𝐾
tanh 𝑚𝑙
𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞
The energy balance for experimental set-up is
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑞 𝑢 + 𝑛 × 𝑄 𝑜 , where 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 =Power input to the base
plate.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 384
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = ℎ 𝐴 𝑢 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞ + 𝑛 𝑝ℎ𝐾𝐴
ℎ
𝑚𝐾
+tanh 𝑚𝑙
1+
ℎ
𝑚𝐾
tanh 𝑚𝑙
𝑇𝑠 −
𝑇∞
where 𝑞 𝑢 is the heat lost by uncovered area of base plate, 𝑄𝑜
is heat lost by one fin, 𝑛 is the number of fins used, 𝐴 𝑢 is the
uncovered area of base plate. The above equation is used for
calculating the heat transfer coefficient in the experimental
investigation. The pitch distance between two fins is fixed at
1cm, 2cm and 3cm. Three plain plate type fins were used. The
power input was set at 35W.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
The experimental results on plate type fins are presented in
this section. The experiments were carried out by varying the
fin pitch and blower fan speed. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the
variations in temperature with distance from base plate at
different fin pitches. Figure 3 shows the results when the fin
pitch was kept 1cm. The experimental results at four settings
of blower fan speed are plotted in the Figure 3. It can be seen
from the figure that when the fan is switched off (fan velocity
zero), which corresponds to the case of free convection, the
temperature at the fin base and at different locations is highest.
After switching on the blower fan, i.e. under forced
convection conditions the temperature of the fin reduces. The
experiments were performed for three different settings of fan
speed under forced convection. From the Figure 3, it is
observed that as the fan velocity increases the fin temperatures
at different locations reduced progressively as can been seen
from Figures 4 and 5 show results at fin pitch 2cm and 3 cm at
the blower fan velocity settings similar to 1 cm fin pitch case.
It is obvious from the Figures 4 and 5 that a similar trend of
temperature variations is observed. However, the absolute
values of temperatures recorded are different. It is observed
that when the blower fan velocity is zero, the temperature
recorded for the different fin pitch settings are nearly the
same. No perceptible change in the fin base temperature or
temperature at different locations along the length of the fin is
observed. When the blower fan speed increases the
temperature of the fin is observed to be less when the fin pitch
distance is increased. The reduction in the temperature with
the increase in fin pitch is more pronounced at higher values
of blower fan speeds.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
Temperature Vs Distance
Temperature(
0
C)
Distance(cm)
0 m/s
0.5 m/s
1.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
Fig3 Variation of temperature with distance from the base
plate at pitch 1cm
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
Temperature Vs Distance
Temperature(
0
C)
Distance (cm)
0 m/s
0.5 m/s
1.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
Fig4 Variation of temperature with distance from the base
plate at pitch 2cm
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the variations in heat transfer
coefficient with fan velocity at different fin pitches. Figure 6
shows the results when the fin pitch was kept 1cm. The
experimental findings at four different settings of blower fan
speed are depicted in Figure 6. It can be seen from the figure
that when the fan is switched off (fan velocity zero), is the
case of free convection and the value of convection heat
transfer coefficient is at the lowest. After switching on the
blower fan, i.e, under forced convection conditions, the heat
transfer coefficient at the fin surface increases.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 385
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Temperature Vs Distance
Temperature(
0
C)
Distance (cm)
0 m/s
0.5 m/s
1.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
Fig5 Variation of temperature with distance from the base
plate at pitch 3 cm
The experiments were performed for three different settings of
fan speed under forced convection. From the Figure 6 it can be
seen that as the fan velocity increases the heat transfer
coefficient also increases. Figures 7 and 8 show that results at
fin pitch 2cm and 3cm at the blower fan velocity settings
similar to 1 cm fin pitch case. Figures 7 and 8 shows that the
variations of heat transfer coefficient follow a trend similar to
the case of 1 cm fin pitch case. However, the values of heat
transfer coefficient observed are different when the fin pitch
setting is changed. It can be seen from Figures 7 and 8 that as
the blower fan speed increases the heat transfer coefficient
recorded for the different fin pitch settings tend to increase.
The change in the heat transfer coefficient with change in fin
pitch under free convection is negligibly small, but as the
blower fan speed is increased the effect of fin pitch on heat
transfer coefficient begins to show. It is observed that heat
transfer coefficient tend to be higher when the fin pitch is
increased. The increase in the heat transfer coefficient with the
increase in fin pitch is more prominent when higher blower
fan speed is employed.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 show the variations in base temperature
with velocity at different fin pitches. Figure 9 shows the
results when the fin pitch was kept 1cm.
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
12
14
16
18
20
22
Heat transfer coefficint Vs Fan Velocity
h(W/m
2
,K)
Fan Velocity (m/s)
Pitch 1cm
Fig6 Variation of heat transfer coefficient with fan velocity at
pitch 1cm.
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Heat transfer coefficient Vs Fan Velocity
h(W/m
2
.K)
Fan Velocity (m/s)
Pitch 2cm
Fig7 Variation of heat transfer coefficient with fan velocity at
pitch 2cm.
The experimental results at four settings of blower fan speed
are plotted in the Figure 9. It can be seen from the figure that
when the fan is switched off (fan velocity zero), which
corresponds to the case of free convection, the temperature at
the fin base is the highest. After switching on the blower fan,
i.e, under forced convection condition the base temperature of
the fin reduces. The experimental results under forced
convection conditions, performed for three different settings
of fan speed are also shown in the figures. From Figure 9, it is
observed that as the fan velocity increases the base
temperatures of the fin reduced progressively.
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 386
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Heat transfer coefficient Vs Fan Velocity
h(W/m
2
.K)
Fan Velocity (m/s)
Pitch 3cm
Fig8 Variation of heat transfer coefficient with fan velocity at
pitch 3cm.
Figures 10 and 11 show results at fin pitch 2cm and 3cm at the
blower fan velocity settings similar to 1 cm fin pitch case. It is
obvious from the Figures 10 and 11 that a similar trend of
temperature variations is observed, however, the absolute
values of temperatures recorded are different. It is observed
that when the blower fan velocity increases the temperature
recorded for the different fin pitch settings are slightly reduce.
No perceptible change in the fin base temperature in case of
free convection heat transfer condition is observed. When fin
pitch is increased the temperature of the fin is observed to
reduce. The reduction in the temperature with the increase in
fin pitch is more pronounced when the higher blower fan
speed is selected.
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Base Temperature Vs Fan Velocity
BaseTemperature(Ts
,
0
C)
Fan Velocity (m/s)
Pitch 1
Fig 9 Variation of base temperature with fan velocity at pitch
1cm
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Base Temperature Vs Fan Velocity
BaseTemperature(Ts
,
0
C)
Fan Velocity (m/s)
Pitch 2
Fig10 Variation of base temperature with fan velocity at pitch
1cm
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Base Temperature Vs Fan VelocityBaseTemperature(K)
Fan Velocity (m/s)
Pitch 3
Fig11 Variation of base temperature with fan velocity at pitch
1cm
A comparative study of the effect of fin pitch on fin
performance:
Figure 12 presents a comparative picture of the effect of fin
pitch on the base temperature of the fins. The figure reveals
that under free convection condition i.e. when the blower fan
velocity is zero, the base temperature curve is flat and
temperature is almost constant at all the fin pitch values. This
effect is corroborateed by the Figure 13 and 14. The two
figures show, the variations in convection heat transfer
coefficient with fin pitch at different blower fan velocities and
convection heat transfer coefficient with fan velocities at
different pitchs. These curves show that under free convection
condition there is no effect of fin pitch change on the
convection heat transfer coefficient. Figure 12 further shows
that when the velocity of the blower fan is increased the slope
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 387
of the temperature curve changes. It can be seen from the plot
that when the velocity is 0.5 m/s, there is not much effect on
the temperature when the pitch is changed from 1 cm to 2 cm.
However, at pitch setting 3 cm we see a noticeable drop in the
fin base temperature. Figures 13 and 14 show the similar
effect of change in fin pitch on the convection heat transfer
coefficient. At 0.5 m/s velocity, the fin pitch 1 cm and 2 cm
have nearly the same convection heat transfer coefficient, but
at 3 cm pitch we see a noteworthy increase in the convection
heat transfer coefficient. It can be very clearly seen from the
Figure 12 that when the blower fan velocity is increased
further to 1 m/s and 1.5 m/s, with the increase in fin pitch
there is a conspicuous drop in the fin base temperature.
Figures 13 and 14 show the similar effect of change in fin
pitch on convection heat transfer coefficient.
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
60
70
80
90
100
110
Fin Pitch Vs Base Temperature0 m/s
0.5 m/s
1.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
BaseTemperature(Ts
,
0
C)
Fin Pitch (cm)
Fig12 Effect of fin pitch and base temperature
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
0 m/s
0.5 m/s
1.0 m/s
1.5 m/s
Fin pitch Vs Heat transfer Coefficient
h(W/m
2
.K)
Fin Pitch (cm)
Fig. 13 Effect of fin pitch and heat transfer coefficient.
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Heat Transfer Coefficient Vs Fan Velocity
h(W/m
2
.K)
Fan Velocity (m/s)
Fin pitch 1 cm
Fin pitch 2 cm
Fin pitch 3 cm
Fig. 14 Effect of fan velocity and heat transfer coefficient
Figures 13 and 14 show when the blower fan velocity is set at
higher values of 1 m/s and 1.5 m/s, a noticeable increase in the
convection heat transfer coefficient is observed. Thus, it
emerges from the above experimental observations that the fin
pitch has a significant effect on the fin performance. The
effect is not significant under free convection condition, but as
the condition changes from free vonvection to forced
convection heat transfer, the effect of fin pitch on the fin
performance begins to show. At lower velocities, the effect is
moderate but at higher velocity settings the effect is
considerable. At higher values of the fin pitch, an improved
fin performance results.
CONCLUSIONS
The experiments were carried out for different fin pitch
settings under different conditions of free and forced
convection heat transfer conditions. The experiments were
performed for four flow conditions, one free and three forced
heat transfer conditions. The flow was laminar in all the
experiments.
In free convection heat transfer condition, the effect
of change in fin pitch on fin performance is not
significant. There was no noticeable change in the fin
base temperature and convection heat transfer
coefficient with the change in fin pitch.
In forced convection condition, the effect of fin pitch
on fin performance is clearly visible. The effect is
more pronounced at higher air flow velocities over
the fin surface. At 0.5 m/s velocity, the convection
heat transfer coefficient value increased by about 5
percent when the fin pitch setting is changed from
1cm to 3cm. When the velocity is increased to 1m/s
under similar condition, the increase is about 11
percent. Further, when the velocity is increased to
1.5m/s, the increase in convection heat transfer
coefficient value is about 20 percent, which is a
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 388
significant increase. The increase in heat transfer
coefficient value is also manifested by a
corresponding decrease in the fin base temperature.
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Microelectronic Components, Proceedings of the
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[3] Yabe, A., 1991, Active Heat Transfer Enhancement by
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pp.15-23
[4] Pais, M. R., Chow, L.C. and Mahefkey, E.T., 1992,
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[5] Incropera, F., DeWitt, D. (2002): Introduction to Heat
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