This document provides lessons on themes related to African heroes and heroines. It includes exercises on pronunciation, identifying stressed and unstressed words, reading comprehension, grammar, figures of speech and creative writing. The reading comprehension section examines the short story "The Lioness of the Savannah" about a brave young girl named Adanna who protects her village from famine and invaders. Students are tasked with identifying characters, role playing them and dramatizing the story. The document also discusses similes, metaphors and parts of narrative composition to improve writing skills.

1. THEME 9:
HEROES AND HEROINES: AFRICA

2. 9.1 Listening and Speaking
9.1.1 Pronunciation: Sounds
listen to a reading of and identify the sounds /ɑː/ /зː/ /tʃ/
and/dʒ/
/ɑː/ sound:
 Car
 Bar
 Far
 Tar
 Star
/eɪ/ sound:
 Day
 Say
 Pay
 May
 Lay
/tʃ/ sound:
 Chair
 Cheese
 Church
 Watch
 Teach
/dʒ/ sound:
 Judge
 Edge
 Badge
 Fudge
 Hodge
Practice saying the sounds /ɑː//зː/ /tʃ/ and/dʒ/,

3. LESSON 2:
 Identify the stressed and unstressed words in a sample text,
 Here's a sample text with stressed and unstressed words:
 "The sun was shining brightly in the clear blue sky. Birds chirped merrily as
they flitted from tree to tree. A gentle breeze rustled the leaves, creating a
soothing melody. The flowers danced in the wind, their vibrant colors a feast
for the eyes. It was a perfect day for a leisurely stroll in the park."
 Stressed words are those that are emphasized in pronunciation, often with a
higher pitch or longer duration. In this text, examples of stressed words
include:
- Sun
- Shining
- Brightly
- Clear
- Birds
- Chirped
- Merrily
- Flitted
- Tree
- Gentle
- Breeze
- Leaves
- Soothing
- Melody
- Flowers
- Danced
- Wind
- Vibrant
- Colors
- Feast
- Eyes
- Perfect
- Day
- Leisurely
- Stroll
- Park

4.  - The
 - Was
 - In
 - A
 - As
 - They
 - From
 - To
 - It
 - For
 - A
 - In
 - The
• Unstressed words are typically shorter, function words or
less important words in the sentence. In this text,
examples of unstressed words include:
 Listen to sentences as they are read out,
 Pick out words that are either stressed and unstressed, collaborate
to recite a poem and identify the stressed words.

5. 9.2 Reading
9.2.1 Extensive Reading
 Grade appropriate fiction Materials – Characters
 Character traits refer to the qualities or attributes that define an
individual's personality or behavior. These traits shape how a person
thinks, feels, and acts in various situations.
Title: The Lioness of the Savannah
In the heart of the African savannah, where the golden grass
sways in the gentle breeze and the sun kisses the earth with its
warm embrace, there lived a young girl named Adanna. She was
as fierce as the lionesses that roamed the land and as graceful as
the gazelles that bounded across the plains.
From a tender age, Adanna's spirit burned bright with a passion
for her people and her homeland. She listened intently to the
stories of her ancestors, tales of bravery and resilience passed
down through generations. Inspired by these legends, she
dreamed of making her mark on the world.

6. As Adanna grew, so did her courage and determination. When
drought threatened to parch the land and famine loomed
over her village, she refused to stand idly by. With
unwavering resolve, she rallied her fellow villagers to dig
deep wells and plant resilient crops, ensuring their survival in
the harshest of times.
But Adanna's bravery did not end there. When marauding
raiders threatened to plunder her village and enslave her
people, she stood at the forefront of the defense, her voice
ringing out like a clarion call in the darkness. With a lioness'
roar and a warrior's spirit, she led her people to victory,
driving back their foes and securing their freedom.
Word of Adanna's deeds spread far and wide, echoing across
the vast expanse of the savannah. She became a beacon of
hope for her people and a symbol of courage for all who
heard her tale. From distant lands, travelers would journey
to her village, seeking her wisdom and guidance in their own
struggles.

7. Yet, amidst the adulation and praise, Adanna remained
humble, never forgetting the values instilled in her by her
elders. She continued to serve her community with compassion
and humility, always striving to uplift those in need and
protect the land she loved.
And so, in the annals of African history, Adanna's name was
etched alongside those of the greatest heroes and heroines, a
testament to the indomitable spirit of the lioness who roamed
the savannah and the strength of the human heart. For she
was not just a hero of her time, but a beacon of hope for
generations to come.
Questions
1. Read a given fiction material on African heroes/heroines and
list the characters in the text.
2. Role play the different characters identified.
3. Dramatise the text and video record the performance.

8. Lesson 2: From the text above
1. Choose a character and discuss what the
character does or says.
2. Use flash cards to describe the traits of the given
character.
3. Work with peers to relate the characters in the
fiction text to real life.
4. Identify the character that they like most and
explain why.

9. 9.3 Grammar in use
9.3.1 Word Classes
Conjunctions – because, that, when, if, unless, and since
1. Work with peers to read the text below,
Title: The Starry Night
In a small village nestled among the hills, there lived a young girl
named Luna. She dreamed of touching the stars that adorned the
night sky. Every evening, she would gaze up at the heavens,
marveling at their beauty and wondering what secrets they held.
Luna's desire burned bright, for she believed that if she could
reach the stars, she would find the answers she sought. She knew
that unless she dared to chase her dreams, they would remain
forever out of reach.

10. One night, when the moon hung low and the stars shone like
diamonds, Luna made a decision. She would build a ladder
to the sky, using every scrap of wood and metal she could
find. She knew it would be a daunting task, but she was
determined to succeed.
As Luna worked tirelessly, she found solace in the knowledge
that she was pursuing her passion. She knew that because
she dared to dream, anything was possible. And so, with
each step she took towards the heavens, Luna's spirit soared
higher, guided by the belief that since the beginning of time,
dreams had the power to change the world.
2. Identify conjunctions such as because, that, when, if,
unless, and since from the text individually.

11. Lesson 2
 Make sentences using the listed conjunctions.
 Collaborate to create dialogues using the listed
conjunctions.

12. ACTIVITY
 Search online and offline for examples of the listed
conjunctions.
 Create crossword puzzles and code words featuring
conjunctions.
 Create posters on heroes/heroines using sentences with
conjunctions and display them on the walls.

13. 9.4 Reading
9.4.1 Intensive Reading
Similes
Similes are figures of speech that make comparisons
between two unlike things, typically using the words
"like" or "as" to create the comparison.
Example
 "As brave as a lion"
 "Like a bolt from the blue"
 "As busy as a bee"
 "As white as snow"
 "Like two peas in a pod"

14. Metaphors
 Metaphors are figures of speech that make implicit comparisons between two
unlike things, without using "like" or "as" as in similes.
For example
 "Time is a thief." This metaphor suggests that time can steal opportunities or
moments from our lives.
 "The world is a stage." This metaphor compares life to a theatrical
performance.
 "Her voice is music to my ears." This metaphor suggests that someone's voice
brings joy or pleasure, likening the sound to the experience of listening to
beautiful music.
 "Love is a battlefield." This metaphor equates the experience of love to a
physical battle.
 "He has a heart of stone."This metaphor suggests that someone lacks empathy
or compassion, likening their emotional state to the hardness and coldness of
a stone.

15. 1. Read the given short story and identify the similes and metaphors
present.
The Whispering River
In a valley where the hills kissed the sky and the river whispered secrets to
the trees, there lived a young girl named Maya. Her spirit danced like the
leaves in the wind, her laughter echoing like a melody through the air.
Maya's heart was as vast as the endless expanse of the sky, and her dreams
soared higher than the highest peaks. She longed to explore the world
beyond the valley, to chase the horizon where the sun dipped into the
embrace of the earth.
One day, as Maya wandered along the riverbank, she spotted a shimmering
stone glistening in the sunlight. Its surface was smooth as silk, its colors
swirling like a painter's palette. With each step she took, Maya felt as though
she was walking on clouds, her senses alive with wonder.
The stone whispered stories of distant lands and forgotten dreams, its voice
a gentle breeze that stirred her soul. Maya realized that it was not just a
stone but a metaphor for the endless possibilities that lay beyond the valley.

16. With newfound determination, Maya set out on a journey to chase her
dreams, her spirit as free as the river that flowed beside her. Along the
way, she encountered trials and tribulations, but like a bird soaring
through the sky, she never faltered.
As Maya reached the edge of the horizon, she paused to look back at the
valley she called home. It was no longer a place of confinement but a
memory etched in her heart, a symbol of the journey that had shaped
her into the person she had become.
With a smile on her lips and a glint in her eye, Maya stepped into the
unknown, ready to embrace whatever adventures awaited her. For she
knew that life was a river, ever-flowing and ever-changing, and she was
destined to ride its currents wherever they may lead.
Question
1. Discuss the meanings of the similes and metaphors identified.
2. Discuss the relevance of the similes and metaphors in the short story.

17. Lesson 2
1. List the similes and metaphors you know.
2. Construct sentences using the similes and
metaphors in the context of African heroes
and heroines.

18. 9.5 Writing
9.5.1 Creative Writing
Narrative Compositions (240 – 280 words)
The parts of narrative composition.
 Introduction/Exposition:
 This is where the setting, characters, and initial situation are introduced.
 The introduction often sets the tone and mood of the story, providing essential
background information to help readers understand the narrative.
 Plot Development:
 The plot development involves the unfolding of events and actions that move the story
forward.
 This section includes rising action, where conflicts and challenges arise, leading to the
climax.
 The climax is the highest point of tension or drama in the story, where the main conflict
reaches its peak.

19.  Resolution/Falling Action:
 The resolution follows the climax and depicts the outcome of the main conflict.
 It involves the unraveling of the story's events and the resolution of any remaining
conflicts or questions.
 Falling action leads towards the conclusion and provides closure to the narrative.
 Conclusion:
 The conclusion ties up loose ends and brings the story to a satisfying close.
 It may offer insights, reflections, or lessons learned from the events of the story.
 The conclusion leaves readers with a sense of completion and often reinforces the
central themes or messages of the narrative.
Work with peers to narrate events, feelings or experiences that impacted them.

20. Lesson 2
1. Work with peers to plan a narrative composition.
2. Write a narrative composition individually.
3. Collaborate with peers to check each other’s work
for:
Correctness of language
Relevance to the topic
Punctuation
Spelling