In this slide, you are going to learn about figures of speech. The lesson objectives of this lesson are as follows. After this lesson, you should be able to: *Define what is meant by figures of speech. *Know the different types of figures of speech. *Define the different types of figures of speech. *Identify figures of speech in actual text and visual text. *Use the different types of figures of speech in your own writing.

1. ENGLISH FAL: GRADE 10. FIGURES OF
SPEECH
PRESENTED BY PROFESSOR TB MHLONGO

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES
After this lesson, you should be able to:
• Define what is meant by figures of speech.
• Know the different types of figures of speech.
• Define the different types of figures of speech.
• Identify figures of speech in actual text and visual text.
• Use the different types of figures of speech in your own
writing.

4. DEFINING FIGURES OF SPEECH
• By figures of speech we are referring to a phrase or word that that is used in a
non-literal or figurative sense in order to evoke and create a certain specific
meaning and/or effect.
• For example, if one wants to say, “The boy died last night”, one can say “The
boy kicked the bucket last night.”
• Figures of speech do not necessarily change the idea conveyed, rather they
enhance the manner in which the idea is conveyed.
• There are many types of figures of speech. Do you know any? Name one, define
it, and choose someone in the class to help you come with an example, anyone.
LET’S GO!

5. TYPES OF FIGURES OF SPEECH
• These are some of the types of
figurative speeches we are going
to talk about today.
• Which one is your favourite and
why?
• Do you know any figurative
speech that is missing? Which
one is it?
Source: https://figuresofspeechenglish.blogspot.com/2015/05/figures-of-speech.html

6. 1. WHAT KIND OF
FIGURATIVE SPEECH DO
YOU SEE HERE?
SHOULD I TELL YOU THE
ONES I SEE FIRST?

7. DEFINITIONS
• Simile – refers to comparisons made between two things that often share a
similar feature to make emphasis on a point.
• It makes these comparisons through the use of words such as “like” and “as”.
• For example: He ran as fast as a cheetah during this year’s athletics. The boy is
compared to the cheetah, an animal known for its unique and super fast speed,
and the similar feature between the boy and the cheetah is their pace.
• The point that this emphasises is the speed at which the boy ran. This gives the
reader a more precise understanding of how the boy was running.
• Do you understand? Do you need more examples?

8. • Metaphor– A metaphor is a direct comparison of two things that possess the
same feature or characteristic. Unlike a simile, a metaphor does not compare
things with the motive of saying the other is like the other, rather it says directly
that the other is the other.
• Since it is a direct comparison, it does not use words such as “like” and “as”.
• For example, “He was a cheetah during this year’s athletics.” This does not
suggest that he is like the cheetah, rather, it suggests that he is one.

9. • Personification – it refers to the giving of human characteristics to non-
human things and animals.
• For example: The cloud cried a billion tears last night.
• The cloud – a non-living thing is given a human characteristic which is crying.
• Alliteration – is the repetition of consonants in a sentence.
• For example: Thabo took the ticket to the teacher today.
• Billy acts silly at times, but he was blessed with a brilliant brain.

10. • Onomatopoeia – is a word that imitates the source of the sound it makes.
• For example: The buzzing bee flew right into my soda cup.
• The sound is ‘buzzing’ and it imitates the ‘bee’ which is the source of the ‘buzzing’
sound.
• The girl ran into the swimming pool with a splash.
• The sound is ‘splash’ and it imitates the sound of the ‘water’ in the swimming
pool when the girl got in.

11. • Hyperbole – refers to the extreme exaggeration of a situation to create an effect.
• Examples:
a) I am so hungry that I could eat a horse.
b) I walked a million miles.
c) I love you to the moon and back. (Sounds familiar? )
• Should we say that “I will die for you” is also an example of a hyperbole?

12. • Idioms – are expressions or phrases whose meaning does not necessarily relate
to the words they are made of and should not be interpreted literary.
• For example:
• He kicked a bucket – This phrase has nothing to do with kicking a bucket, it is
about death. It means someone died.
• Spill the beans – This has nothing to do with beans, it means that someone has
to say something.
• Back to square one – This means that something needs to be done again from
the initial step, stage or process. It does not have anything to do with squares per
ser.

13. ANY QUESTIONS?

14. CLASS ACTIVITY
Read the paragraph below and answer the question that follow.
It was raining cats and dogs when Jim came back from school that day. He was so tired that he could
not even breath since he had to run as quickly as a cheetah in order to get home. He tapped his
phone trying to call his mother so that she can open the door for him. He stamped on the ground by
the veranda several times trying to shake off the mud in his shoes before he can enter the house.
When his mother opened the door, he ran into the house like lightning and after getting in his room,
he was followed by a loud bang of his door. After a short while, he went to the kitchen and ate
almost everything he could find. He is a pig after all. He was so hungry that he could eat a horse.
Outside you could hear trees singing as the wind runs through. He ate almost all the food and had
tons of Twix chocolate after taking a thousand turns of his bittersweet tasting healthy tea.
1. Identify and name the type of figurative speech that you see in the passage. [12×2]

15. HOME ACTIVITY
Using the same passage, answer the question below.
• Use the figurative speech you identified to create your own sentences. [12×2]

16. THE END

17. REFERENCE LIST
Khue Ngo. (2018). Cartoon [Screenshot]. Vlipsy. Retrieved from: https://vlipsy.com/vlip/mr-
bean-mr-bean-teach-class-yPLPLCpJ
Mhlongo, T.B. (2022). Clip Art [Video]. Google Drive. Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ThfJa5lUhvq0YD3fr-9vKT_r0kPfjo-Q/view?usp=sharing
Mhlongo, T.B. (2022). Cartoon [Picture]. Google Drive. Retrieved from:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LZw3ZFzV2bmaWF-lZaR14j6AryTYK9Ty/view?usp=sharing
Sanchez, V. (2015). Infographic [Picture]. Blogger. Retrieved from
https://figuresofspeechenglish.blogspot.com/2015/05/figures-of-speech.html