THEME 3 POLLUTION.pptx

1. THEME 3: POLLUTION

2. 3.1 Listening and Speaking
3.1.1 Listening
 Comprehension
Cause and effect text on pollution
The Domino Effect of Pollution
Introduction:
Pollution, a pervasive issue of the modern world, sets off a chain reaction of
detrimental consequences, impacting ecosystems, human health, and the
planet's overall well-being. This cause and effect exploration delves into the
interconnected web of repercussions stemming from various forms of pollution.
Cause:
1. Industrial Emissions:
- Factories and industrial facilities release vast amounts of pollutants, including
carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), into the
atmosphere.
- These emissions contribute significantly to air pollution, forming smog and
harming respiratory health.

3. 2. Vehicle Exhaust:
- Combustion engines in vehicles emit harmful gases such as carbon monoxide
(CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), as well as particulate matter (PM).
- High levels of vehicular emissions lead to air pollution in urban areas,
exacerbating respiratory ailments and reducing air quality.
3. Agricultural Practices:
- Intensive farming methods involve the use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides, which contaminate soil and water sources.
- Runoff from agricultural areas carries pollutants like nitrates and phosphates
into rivers and oceans, causing eutrophication and harming aquatic life.
Effect:
1. Climate Change:
- The release of greenhouse gases, primarily CO2, traps heat in the
atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change.
- Rising temperatures disrupt weather patterns, cause sea level rise, and
exacerbate extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires.

4. 2. Health Impacts:
- Air pollution from industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust contributes to
respiratory diseases like asthma and bronchitis.
- Exposure to polluted air increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, lung
cancer, and premature death, particularly in vulnerable populations such as
children and the elderly.
3. Biodiversity Loss:
- Pollution, including chemical contaminants and habitat destruction, threatens
biodiversity by harming ecosystems and endangering species.
- Pollutants accumulate in soil, water, and food chains, causing
bioaccumulation and biomagnification, ultimately affecting the entire
ecosystem's health and stability.
4. Water Contamination:
- Agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and improper disposal of chemicals
pollute freshwater sources, endangering aquatic life and compromising water
quality.
- Contaminated water sources pose risks to human health through the
consumption of polluted water and the bioaccumulation of toxins in fish and
other seafood.

5. Questions on the comprehension passage
1. Pick out the main idea from that cause and effect
text,
2. Respond to oral questions based on the text
correctly,
3. Identify and write down the ideas presented in the
text,
4. Orally answer questions based on the text,
5. Make a list of unfamiliar words and practise
pronouncing them.

6. 3.2 Reading
3.2.1 Intensive Reading
1. Individually, silently read a passage on pollution so as to internalize the
information.
Pollution, a global dilemma, permeates air, water, and soil, endangering
ecosystems and human health alike. Industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust
saturate the atmosphere with harmful gases and particulate matter, leading to
respiratory ailments and climate destabilization. Agricultural runoff taints
freshwater reserves, disrupting aquatic habitats and contaminating drinking
water sources. This environmental scourge not only threatens biodiversity but
also exacerbates the frequency and severity of natural disasters. To confront
pollution's pervasive grip, concerted efforts are imperative, including strict
regulatory measures, sustainable practices, and technological innovations. Only
through unified action can we mitigate its devastating impact and pave the way
for a cleaner, healthier world.
2. Read the passage aloud in turns as they answer the oral questions that are
asked.

7. Lesson 2
1. Infer the meaning of given words using synonyms,
contexts among others
 Contamination.
 Pollutant.
 Contaminant.
 Adulteration.
 Defilement.
 Uncleanness.
 Toxin.
 Uncleanliness.

8. 3.3 Grammar in Use
3.3.1 Word classes
 Primary Auxiliaries
 a specific category of auxiliary verbs that are used to form various
verb tenses, question forms, negative forms, and the passive voice.
They work in conjunction with the main verb to express additional
grammatical information.
 Examples
 ‘be’ – is, was, were, been, being, are
 'have’ – has, have, had
 'do’ – do, did, does
 Write sentences using primary auxiliary verbs given

9. Lesson 3
 Collaborate to write a short paragraph on environmental conservation using primary
auxiliary verbs,
 Read out the paragraphs to the rest of the class,
 Fill in blank spaces in sentences given using the correct form of the primary auxiliary
verbs,
1. She _______ going to the store after work. (is)
2. We _______ watching a movie tonight. (are)
3. He _______ studying for his exam tomorrow. (is)
4. They _______ going to visit their grandparents this weekend. (are)
5. I _______ not feeling well today. (am)
6. You _______ invited to the party next Saturday. (are)
7. It _______ raining heavily outside. (is)
8. The children _______ playing in the park. (are)
9. The cat _______ sleeping on the windowsill. (is)
10. My friends _______ coming over for dinner tonight. (are)

10. 3.4 Reading
3.4.1 Intensive reading:
 Poetry
 components of the structure of a poem include;
1. Poet
2. Number of stanzas,
3. Number of lines in a stanza,

11.  identify the structure of the given poem
In the heart of bustling cities, smog does creep,
Emissions rise, from factories deep,
A dance of particles, dark and grim,
Blanketing skies, light grows dim.
Waters once pure, now tainted with woe,
Contaminants flow, where rivers once flow,
Eutrophication's deadly embrace,
Chokes life below, in its murky grace.
From soil to sea, pollution's spread,
A silent poison, in every thread,
Yet amidst this plight, a call to heed,
For Earth's own sake, we must take heed.
With knowledge and care, we forge our way,
To curb emissions, and let skies sway,
In unity's strength, let us stand tall,
To protect our world, for one and all.

12. Lesson 2
 Recite and dramatize the given poem,
 Explain the words, phrases and sentences in a
poem that help them to decipher the surface and
deeper meaning,
 Relate the message of the poem to real life,
 Identify topics of poems such as pollution, list the
topics down and display them in charts,
 compose, type and share a poem related to
pollution, with peers.

13. 3.5 Writing
3.5.1 Paragraphing
 Sequencing of Ideas
 This is a way of organizing ideas in paragraphs in order of their
occurrence in time.
Read the paragraph below and identify conjunctions used to sequence ideas
 In addressing the multifaceted issue of pollution, it's crucial to
understand the interconnected nature of its various components.
Firstly, industrial emissions contribute significantly to air
pollution, releasing harmful gases and particulate matter into the
atmosphere. Consequently, these pollutants exacerbate
respiratory ailments and degrade air quality, particularly in
densely populated urban areas. Moreover, agricultural practices
further compound the problem, with chemical fertilizers and
pesticides contaminating soil and water sources

14.  This contamination, in turn, disrupts ecosystems and poses
risks to human health through the consumption of polluted
water and food. Furthermore, vehicular exhaust adds to the
pollution burden, emitting toxic gases and pollutants that
further degrade air quality and contribute to climate
change. Therefore, addressing pollution requires a
comprehensive approach that tackles its root causes,
including regulatory measures, technological innovations,
and sustainable practices across industries and sectors. Only
through concerted efforts can we mitigate the deleterious
effects of pollution and safeguard the health of both
ecosystems and communities.
 Use conjunctions to sequence and connect ideas correctly in a paragraph
for practice.

15. 3.5.1 Paragraphing: Lesson 2
 Combine sentences to form paragraphs using
appropriate conjunctions.
 Use different conjunctions in a composition to
show sequence of ideas.

16. Rearrange jumbled sentences to form a cohesive paragraph using conjunctions,
 1. Although
 2. However
 3. In addition
 4. Finally
 5. Furthermore
Now, let's rearrange these sentences to form a cohesive paragraph:
"However, in addition to the rainy weather, the team faced another challenge. Although they
had trained hard for months, they were not prepared for the sudden change in terrain.
Furthermore, their supplies were running low, adding to their predicament. Finally, despite
the odds stacked against them, they persevered and reached the summit."
This paragraph tells the story of a team facing challenges during their journey, overcoming
obstacles, and ultimately achieving their goal.