Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, becoming King Henry VII and ending the Wars of the Roses between the House of York and House of Lancaster. The document then provides summaries of each of the Tudor monarchs from Henry VII through Elizabeth I, detailing important events that occurred during their reigns such as the English Reformation under Henry VIII and conflicts with other European powers. Life in Tudor England is also summarized, covering topics like architecture, education, entertainment, punishment, and transportation.
The seventeenth century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it may be called puritan Age or the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the puritan spirit.
The seventeenth century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it may be called puritan Age or the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the puritan spirit.
Alfred Lord Tennyson as a poet , writing themes, Legacy.SanjayJogadiya
Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson was a British poet. He was the Poet winner of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets.
The seventeenth century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it may be called puritan Age or the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the puritan spirit. The puritan movement in literature may be considered as the second and greater Renaissance marked by the rebirth of the moral nature of man.
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
Alfred Lord Tennyson as a poet , writing themes, Legacy.SanjayJogadiya
Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson was a British poet. He was the Poet winner of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets.
The seventeenth century upto 1660 was dominated by Puritanism and it may be called puritan Age or the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the puritan spirit. The puritan movement in literature may be considered as the second and greater Renaissance marked by the rebirth of the moral nature of man.
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1340s – 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucer’s age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucer’s Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. Henry Tudor became King Henry VII of England and Wales
after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in
August 1485. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the
Roses.
The Wars of the Roses had been a battle between
two of England's most powerful families.
The House of York and the House of
Lancaster.
The emblem of the House of York
was a white rose.
The emblem of the House of Lancaster
was a red rose.
To bring the two families closer together
he married Elizabeth of York.
He was the first Tudor King and reigned for 24
years until 1509.
2
3. Henry Vlll was born at Greenwich on 28 June 1491, the second son of Henry
V11 and Elizabeth of York.
Henry wanted a son to rule after him. He married six times.
Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and
became head of the Church of England.
Henry had many hobbies from hunting to music and song
writing.
Henry built fine palaces, and fought wars against France and
Scotland.
Henry's main aim was to make sure that the Tudors would keep on ruling
England after he died.
He believed that only a boy could inherit his kingdom.
The six wi ves M3usic
4. Catherine Howard
4
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Ann of Cleaves
Katherine Parr
A Spanish Princess who
had been married to
Henry’s brother, Arthur.
They had a daughter, Mary.
Divorced
She married Henry in 1533.
They had a daughter,
Elizabeth.
Executed
Married her a few days
after Anne was executed
in 1536. They had a boy
who they named Edward.
Jane died of blood poisoning
Anne of Cleaves and Henry were
married in 1540 to form a tie between
England and Germany. After only six
months Henry found it no longer to be
to his advantage.
Divorced
Catherine Howard and
Henry were married the
same year in 1540.
Executed
Catherine Parr was
Henry's sixth and last
wife. She outlived
Henry
Survived
"Divorced, beheaded, died.
Divorced, beheaded, survived..."
"Divorced, beheaded, died.
Divorced, beheaded, survived..."
5. The only son of Henry V111.
He became King at the age of nine.
He was known as ‘The Boy King.’
His mother was Jane Seymore.
Edward was never well and the country was run
by his protectors, The Duke of Somerset and
then the Duke of Northumberland.
He enjoyed reading about battles and writing Greek.
After his death, the Duke of Northumberland named
Lady Jane Grey as the next Queen.
5
6. Lady Jane Grey was a great- granddaughter of Henry V11.
She was regarded as one of the most learned
women of the day.
Lady Jane Grey was a Protestant.
The Duke of Northumberland didn’t want Mary, a Catholic,
on the throne.
Mary had a lot of support. She deposed Jane and
had her arrested.
Jane refused to become a Catholic and was
executed. Mary became Queen.
6
7. Mary wanted to change England to a Catholic Country.
She was the elder daughter of Henry V111 and
Katherine of Aragon.
Mary burned nearly 300 people at the stake because
they refused to become Catholic.
Mary made herself even more unpopular by marrying
Philip of Spain.
They had no children.
Her younger sister became Queen after she died in
1558.
7
8. Elizabeth was the last Tudor Monarch. She was born at
Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the younger daughter of
Henry V111 and Ann Boleyn.
She made England Protestant again and fought
against Spain.
The Tudor period ended with the death of Queen
Elizabeth I on 24th March 1603 after 45 years on the
throne. She had no husband or children to succeed her.
Elizabeth’s rule is remembered as the Golden Age
During Elizabeth's reign the age of exploration began with
explorers such as Francis Drake claiming new lands for
England and introducing new materials and foods.
8
9. 9
Life in the Towns
Buildings
Travel
Schools
Life for the Poor
Punishment
Games
Mary Rose
10. Houses were timber framed of two or three storeys.
To provide more space upstairs the upper storeys
often projected over the lower storeys.
This made the streets very dark and crowded.
Most merchants and craftsmen lived and worked in
the same building, the shop part of the building being
open to the street.
Towns also had many inns, a market hall, a grammar
school and a guildhall.
Some important buildings would be built of stone.
10
A butchers shop in Bridge Street
A Pub in Lad’s Lane
11. There was no proper drainage in Tudor Towns.
Open sewers often ran down the middle of streets
straight into rivers and wells.
All waste was thrown onto the streets.
Diseases spread very quickly.
11
12. Bridge Street, Newcastle-u-Lyme Most ordinary homes in Tudor times
were half timbered.
They had wooden frames and
the spaces between were filled
with small sticks and wet clay
called wattle and daub.
Daub is a mixture of clay, sand and
dung that is smeared into and over
the wattle to make the wall.
12
The daub was often painted with lime to
make it look white.
The wooden timbers were coated with tar
to stop them rotting.
Many Tudor houses had thatched
roofs
Glass was expensive so windows
were small.
13. The major land routes were based on the Roman roads.
They were difficult to keep in good repair.
Each parish or town was responsible for the upkeep
of the roads.
Some didn’t do a good job.
Many were rutted and uncomfortable to travel on.
13
Without lighting they could be dangerous at night.
Many people didn’t travel at all.
14. Not many children went to school in Tudor times.
Those that did go were mainly the sons of wealthy families.
Girls were either kept at home by their parents to help with
housework or sent out to work to bring money in for the family.
Many Tudor towns and villages had a parish school where the
local vicar taught boys to read and write.
The boys practiced writing in ink by copying the alphabet
and the Lord's Prayer.
There were few books, so pupils read from hornbooks
instead.
It was usual for children to attend six days a
week.
Teachers were very strict, often beating their
pupils with birches if they misbehaved.
14
15. The poor were divided into three groups.
The first were called Helpless Poor.
These would include the old, the sick, the
disabled and children.
The second group was called the Able Bodied Poor.
These were people who could work but also
wanted to work.
The third group were known as Rogues and Vagabonds.
These were people who could work but
preferred to beg or steal.
15
16. People who committed crimes could be put in the
stocks. They always stood where lots of people
would pass and they would throw things at the
criminals.
Most towns had a ducking chair . The chair
was kept near a pond or river and was
hung on a see-saw.
Other people could be burned at the stake.
Beggars were a big problem because people were
afraid of them. If they became a nuisance they were
dragged through the streets being whipped.
16
17. The Tudor kings and queens encouraged archery .
People played other games like ours. Bowls was
a favourite and some towns had bowling alleys
They used to play games like hockey the sticks
were curved and the ball was wooden.
The favourite game was football . Any number
could play and there was no referee. Villages
challenged each other and nearly every match ended
with cracked heads and other injuries.
Hunting, fishing, fencing and tennis
were also played.
The tudors also liked to go to bull and
bear baiting rings.
17
18. Heading for action in 1545, Henry VIII's
favourite warship sank in the Solent with up to
700 men on board.
In 1528 and again in 1536 the Mary Rose was
rebuilt, having her weight increased from 500 to
700 tons and mounting 91 guns. The refits are
thought to have added an extra deck, making
her top-heavy and liable to roll in heavy seas.
In 1545, King Francis I of France launched
an invasion of England
As the Mary Rose advanced to battle she
capsized and sank with the loss of all
but 35 of her crew. It is theorized that her
undisciplined crew had neglected to
close the lower gunports after firing at
the galleys, so that when she heeled in
the breeze she filled with water and
turned over.
18
19. 1485 The War of the Roses ends at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry Tudor is crowned Henry VII.
1485-1509 Reign of King Henry VII.
1492 Christopher Columbus discovered the West Indies
1497 John Cabot, the English explorer, discovered Newfoundland. He left Bristol on his ship, the Matthew,
looking for a sea route to Asia. He ended up in North America, the first European to reach there since the
Vikings.
1498 Christopher Columbus discovered Trinidad in the Caribbean Sea.
1499 A plague epidemic killed thousands of people in London.
1509 - 1547 Henry VII died and his son Henry VIII succeeded to the throne
1513 Henry VIII invaded France and King James IV of Scotland is killed at the battle of Flodden.
1524 Population of Britain 2.3 million. 6% of the population lived in towns. 3% in London
1528 Henry VIII sacks Cardinal Wolsey for failing to persuade the pope to grant him divorce.
1534 Henry VIII forms the 'Church of England'. Henry is confirmed as 'Supreme Head of the Church of
England 'following a parliamentary Act of Supremacy
1535 Act of Union makes Wales part of England
1535 The first Bible printed in English is placed in Churches.
1536-1539 Dissolution of the Monasteries (Destruction or closure of 560 monasteries and religious houses)
19
20. 1541 Population of Britain 2.7 million.
1542 Mary, Queen of Scots lays claim to the English throne
1544 Henry VIII invades northern France
1545 The French attempt to invade England and the Mary Rose sinks in Portsmouth harbour.
1547-1553 The reign of King Edward Vl. Many new schools and colleges founded.
1553-1558 Reign of Queen Mary Tudor
1558 Elizabeth I begins her 45 year reign
1561 Mary, Queen of Scots returns to Scotland
1567 Mary Queen of Scots gives throne of Scotland to James
1569 Population of Britain 3.2 million.
1570 Sir Francis Drake sets sail for his first voyage to the West Indies
1577 Drake becomes the second person to go round the world
1585-1604 England and Spain at war
1587 Queen Elizabeth I executes Mary, Queen of Scots
1588 The Armada fleet of Philip II of Spain attempts to invade England, but is defeated
1591 First performance of a play by William Shakespeare
1600 First British involvement in the Indian continent - East India Company formed.
Population of Britain just over 4 million. 10% of the population lived in towns.
1603 Queen Elizabeth I died. King James of Scotland becomes the first Stuart king of England.
End of Tudor Times
20
Editor's Notes
Henry V11 1485-1509
Henry Tudor became King Henry V11 of England and Wales after defeating Richard 111 at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485.
The Wars of the Roses had been a battle between two of England's most powerful families.
The House of York and the House of Lancaster.
The emblem of the House of York was a white rose.
The emblem of the House of York was a white rose.
To bring the two families closer together he married Elizabeth of York.
He was the first Tudor King and reigned for 24 years until 1509.
Includes two images of Henry V11.
Henry V111 1509-1547
Henry Vlll was born at Greenwich on 28 June 1491, the second son of Henry V11 and Elizabeth of York.
Henry wanted a son to rule after him. He married six times.
Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and became head of the Church of England.
Henry had many hobbies from hunting to music and song writing.
Henry built fine palaces, and fought wars against France and Scotland.
Henry's main aim was to make sure that the Tudors would keep on ruling England after he died.
He believed that only a boy could inherit his kingdom.
Includes two images of Henry V111.
The six wives of Henry V111
Catherine of Aragon
A Spanish Princess who had been married to Henry’s brother, Arthur. They had a daughter, Mary.
Divorced.
Anne Boleyn
She married Henry in 1533. They had a daughter, Elizabeth.
Executed
Jane Seymore
Married her a few days after Anne was executed in 1536. They had a boy who they named Edward.
Died of blood poisoning.
Ann of CleavesAnne of Cleaves and Henry were married in 1540 to form a tie between England and Germany. After only six months Henry found it no longer to be to his advantage.
Divorced.
Catherine Howard
Catherine Howard and Henry were married the same year in 1540.
Executed
Katherine Parr
Catherine Parr was Henry's sixth and last wife. She outlived Henry.
Survived
Edward V1 1547-1553
The only son of Henry V111.
He became King at the age of nine.
He was known as ‘The Boy King.’
His mother was Jane Seymore.
Edward was never well and the country was run by his protectors, The Duke of Somerset and then the Duke of Northumberland.
He enjoyed reading about battles and writing Greek.
After his death, the Duke of Northumberland named Lady Jane Grey as the next Queen.
Includes one image.
Lady Jane Grey 1553
Lady Jane Grey was a great- granddaughter of Henry V11.
She was regarded as one of the most learned women of the day.
Lady Jane Grey was a Protestant.
The Duke of Northumberland didn’t want Mary, a Catholic, on the throne.
Mary had a lot of support. She deposed Jane and had her arrested.
Jane refused to become a Catholic and was executed. Mary became Queen.
Includes one image.
Mary 1 1553-1558
Mary wanted to change England to a Catholic Country.
She was the elder daughter of Henry V111 and Katherine of Aragon.
Mary burned nearly 300 people at the stake because they refused to become Catholic.
Mary made herself even more unpopular by marrying Philip of Spain.
They had no children.
Her younger sister became Queen after she died in 1558.
Includes one image.
Elizabeth 1 1558-1603
Elizabeth was the last Tudor Monarch. She was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the younger daughter of Henry V111 and Ann Boleyn.
She made England Protestant again and fought against Spain.
The Tudor period ended with the death of Queen Elizabeth I on 24th March 1603 after 45 years on the throne. She had no husband or children to succeed her.
Elizabeth’s rule is remembered as the Golden Age.
During Elizabeth's reign the age of exploration began with explorers such as Francis Drake claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods.
Includes one image.
Life in Tudor Times
Life in the Towns
Life in the Country
Buildings
Trade and Travel
Mary Rose
Explorers
Roads
Life in the Towns
1. Houses were timber framed of two or three storeys.
2. To provide more space upstairs the upper storeys often projected over the lower storeys.
3. This made the streets very dark and crowded.
4. Most merchants and craftsmen lived and worked in the same building, the shop part of the building being open to the street.
5. Towns also had many inns, a market hall, a grammar school and a guildhall.
6. Some important buildings would be built of stone.
Includes two images from Newcastle-u-Lyme. The Butchers in Bridge Street and the pub in Lad’s Lane.
Streets
1. There was no proper drainage in Tudor Towns.
2. Open sewers often ran down the middle of streets straight into rivers and wells.
3. All waste was thrown onto the streets.
4. Diseases spread very quickly.
One poor image from www.luton.gov.uk
Buildings
1. Most ordinary homes in Tudor times were half timbered.
2. They had wooden frames and the spaces between were filled with small sticks and wet clay called wattle and daub.
3. Daub is a mixture of clay, sand and dung that is smeared into and over the wattle to make the wall.
4. The daub was often painted with lime to make it look white.
5. The wooden timbers were coated with tar to stop them rotting.
6. Many Tudor houses had thatched roofs
7. Glass was expensive so windows were small.
Travel
The major land routes were based on the Roman roads.
They were difficult to keep in good repair.
Each parish or town was responsible for the upkeep of the roads.
Some didn’t do a good job.
Many were rutted and uncomfortable to travel on.
Without lighting they could be dangerous at night.
Many people didn’t travel at all.
Schools
1. Not many children went to school in Tudor times.
2. Those that did go were mainly the sons of wealthy families.
3. Girls were either kept at home by their parents to help with housework or sent out to work to bring money in for the family.
4. Many Tudor towns and villages had a parish school where the local vicar taught boys to read and write.
5. The boys practiced writing in ink by copying the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer.
6. There were few books, so pupils read from hornbooks instead.
7. It was usual for children to attend six days a week.
8. Teachers were very strict, often beating their pupils with birches if they misbehaved.
Life for the Poor
1. The poor were divided into three groups.
2. The first were called Helpless Poor.
3. These would include the old, the sick, the disabled and children.
4. The second group was called the Able Bodied Poor.
5. These were people who could work but also wanted to work.
6. The third group were known as Rogues and Vagabonds.
7. These were people who could work but preferred to beg or steal.
Punishment
1. People who committed crimes could be put in the stocks. They always stood where lots of people would pass and they would throw things at the criminals.
2. Most towns had a ducking chair . The chair was kept near a pond or river and was hung on a see-saw.
3. Other people could be burned at the stake.
4. Beggars were a big problem because people were afraid of them. If they became a nuisance they were dragged through the streets being whipped.
Games
1. The Tudor kings and queens encouraged archery .
2. People played other games like ours. Bowls was a favourite and some towns had bowling alleys.
3. They used to play games like hockey the sticks were curved and the ball was wooden.
4. The favourite game was football . Any number could play and there was no referee. Villages challenged each other and nearly every match ended with cracked heads and other injuries.
5. Hunting, fishing, fencing and tennis were also played.
6. The tudors also liked to go to bull and bear baiting rings.
Mary Rose
1. Heading for action in 1545, Henry VIII's favourite warship sank in the Solent with up to 700 men on board.
2. In 1528 and again in 1536 the Mary Rose was rebuilt, having her weight increased from 500 to 700 tons and mounting 91 guns. The refits are thought to have added an extra deck, making her top-heavy and liable to roll in heavy seas.
3. In 1545, King Francis I of France launched an invasion of England
4. As the Mary Rose advanced to battle she capsized and sank with the loss of all but 35 of her crew. It is theorized that her undisciplined crew had neglected to close the lower gunports after firing at the galleys, so that when she heeled in the breeze she filled with water and turned over.
Timeline
1. 1485 The War of the Roses ends at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry Tudor is crowned Henry VII.
1485-1509 Reign of King Henry VII.
1492 Christopher Columbus discovered the West Indies
1497 John Cabot, the English explorer, discovered Newfoundland. He left Bristol on his ship, the Matthew, looking for a sea route to Asia. He ended up in North America, the first European to reach there since the Vikings.
1498 Christopher Columbus discovered Trinidad in the Caribbean Sea.
1499 A plague epidemic killed thousands of people in London.
1509 - 1547 Henry VII died and his son Henry VIII succeeded to the throne
1513 Henry VIII invaded France and King James IV of Scotland is killed at the battle of Flodden.
1524 Population of Britain 2.3 million. 6% of the population lived in towns. 3% in London
1528 Henry VIII sacks Cardinal Wolsey for failing to persuade the pope to grant him divorce.
1534 Henry VIII forms the 'Church of England'. Henry is confirmed as 'Supreme Head of the Church of England 'following a parliamentary Act of Supremacy
1535 Act of Union makes Wales part of England
1535 The first Bible printed in English is placed in Churches.
1536-1539 Dissolution of the Monasteries (Destruction or closure of 560 monasteries and religious houses)
Timeline
1541 Population of Britain 2.7 million.
1542 Mary, Queen of Scots lays claim to the English throne
1544 Henry VIII invades northern France
1545 The French attempt to invade England and the Mary Rose sinks in Portsmouth harbour.
1547-1553 The reign of King Edward Vl. Many new schools and colleges founded.
1553-1558 Reign of Queen Mary Tudor
1558 Elizabeth I begins her 45 year reign
1561 Mary, Queen of Scots returns to Scotland
1567 Mary Queen of Scots gives throne of Scotland to James
1569 Population of Britain 3.2 million.
1570 Sir Francis Drake sets sail for his first voyage to the West Indies
1577 Drake becomes the second person to go round the world
1585-1604 England and Spain at war
1587 Queen Elizabeth I executes Mary, Queen of Scots
1588 The Armada fleet of Philip II of Spain attempts to invade England, but is defeated
1591 First performance of a play by William Shakespeare
1600 First British involvement in the Indian continent - East India Company formed.
Population of Britain just over 4 million. 10% of the population lived in towns.
1603 Queen Elizabeth I died. King James of Scotland becomes the first Stuart king of England.
End of Tudor Times