The Tudor dynasty (1485-1603) emerged from the turmoil of the Hundred Years' War and the War of Roses, with King Henry VII establishing stability by prohibiting private armies. Henry VIII's reign saw the creation of the Anglican Church to enable his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, leading to religious upheaval and the rise of Protestantism. Subsequent rulers like Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I navigated complex religious dynamics, with Elizabeth ultimately defeating the Spanish Armada and solidifying the Anglican Church's place in England.

1. Tudor Dynasty
1485-1603

2.  The Hundred Years’
War left England in
turmoil and caused a
civil war
 War of Roses (1455-
1487) – the war was
over different families
wanting to take the
throne
 One was the House of
Lancaster, and the
other York. Both had
legitimate claims to the
throne

3. Tudor Dynasty
 King Henry VII ended the
private wars of the nobility
by prohibiting nobles from
running private armies of
followers that were
dedicated to their lords
 The English didn’t have a
strong, standing army so
they relied on lords to raise
armies for a cause and then
disband them after

4. Tudor Dynasty
 Court of Star
Chamber – didn’t use
juries and allowed
torture to be used
 Didn’t have to call
Parliament frequently
by using diplomacy to
avoid wars
 Set a stable
government for the
rest of the Tudors

5. They had two sons and
one daughter that
survived infancy
Arthur married Catherine
of Aragon of Spain
(Daughter of Queen
Isabela and King
Ferdinand)

6. King Henry VIII of
England
1491-1547

8. King Henry VIII is Named Defender of Faith
• Published In Defense of the Seven Sacraments against Martin Luther
• The Pope awarded him Defender of Faith

9. Catherine of Aragon
could not give King
Henry VIII a son (only a
daughter named Mary
survived)
Henry needed a son as
an heir
He wanted a divorce for
Catherine but the Pope
refused because that
would create an enemy
with Spain

10. Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII fell in love
with Anne Boleyn
Anne refused to have
an affair with Henry
which meant that he
would have to divorce
Catherine

11. • Named him and all future heirs were the head of the Church of
England
• Pope could not intervene in England
• Now Henry VIII could divorce Catherine

12. Anglican Church
Henry VIII enlisted
Thomas Cranmer as
his assistant to create
this new church
Two of Henry’s most
trusted advisors, Moore
and Wolsey were
charged with treason

14. They have one
daughter
together, named
Elizabeth in
1533
Anne gives birth
to a still-born
son the next
year
Uh-oh for Anne
Boleyn!

16. Jane Seymour
Henry VIII married Jane
only 11 days after
Anne’s execution
They had a son
together named
Edward
Jane died giving birth to
Edward

17. • The creation of the Protestant Anglican Church caused uproar
in the Catholic part of Northern England
• Many people immigrated to the Americas

18. When King Henry
VIII died, the throne
passed to his only
son King Edward VI

19. King Edward
VI (1537-1553)
 Edward VI took the
throne at the age of
10, and was too
young to marry
 He was the first
English monarch to
be raised in the
Anglican Church

20. Reforming the Anglican Church
 Edward enlisted in the
help of Thomas
Cranmer
 Created the English
Book of Common
Prayer (Anglican
prayers)
 Made the Anglican
Church more
Protestant in its
traditions and beliefs

21. Edward fell ill at 16
 He didn’t want his half sister Mary to rule
because she was Catholic
 He makes it so his Anglican cousin, Lade
Jane Grey will take power

22. Lady Jane Grey was queen for 9 days
until she was executed by her
cousin, Mary

23. Queen Mary I (r. 1553-1558)
 Mary was a super
Catholic
 She promised religious
toleration to the
Anglicans
 But in reality she tortured
and burned many of
them at the stake
 She is given the
nickname “Bloody Mary”

24. She also
married her first
cousin, and
King of Spain,
Phillip II
The two of them
were very Catholic
and suppressed
any Protestant
movements

25. Mary dies
with no
children
Power will
pass onto her
Anglican half-
sister
Elizabeth

26. Queen Elizabeth I
 The English welcomed
her after the harsh reign
of Mary I
 She gave Anglicans
more rights and
practiced religious
toleration
 She had many
domestic and foreign
threats

27. The Elizabethan Settlement
 A compromise between the Catholics and
the Anglicans
 The Anglican Church became the official
church of England and all sermons would
be in England
 The sermons would seem more Catholic
 Monarchy is head of the Church and not
the Pope

28. The Pope told the
English people
that Elizabeth I
was illegitimate
and not to follow
her
Regnans in
Excelsis

29. “The Virgin Queen”
 Queen Elizabeth I refused to marry
because she feared that her husband
would take her power
 Many English people didn’t trust Elizabeth
because they didn’t believe that a woman
could rule without a husband

30. Queen Mary of Scots
 Mary of Scots was forced
to abdicate her throne
after she was accused of
assassinating her
husband
 She went to Elizabeth for
help
 She was next in line for
the English throne and
was accused of many
failed assassinations of
Elizabeth

31. Elizabeth had Mary Queen of Scots executed after 18
years of failed assassination plots

32. The Spanish Armada
King Phillip attacked Elizabeth to try to restore Catholicism in England
Elizabeth defeated the Armada at the Battle of Gravelines in 1588