Elizabeth faced the problem of religion as the country was divided between both Protestant and Catholic. Elizabeth had to deal with the prejudiced ideas of the role and limitations of women which undermined her authority. Economic difficulties included the decline of the cloth industry, inflation and unemployment, which in turn led to greater poverty and vagrancy. The country was poor and England was also at war with Catholic France which led to increased taxation.
Elizabeth faced the problem of religion as the country was divided between both Protestant and Catholic. Elizabeth had to deal with the prejudiced ideas of the role and limitations of women which undermined her authority. Economic difficulties included the decline of the cloth industry, inflation and unemployment, which in turn led to greater poverty and vagrancy. The country was poor and England was also at war with Catholic France which led to increased taxation.
Ancient Egyptian society with information on hieroglyphics, pyramids, pharaohs and the history of Ancient Egyptian civilization through the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. The Hundred Years’
War left England in
turmoil and caused a
civil war
War of Roses (1455-
1487) – the war was
over different families
wanting to take the
throne
One was the House of
Lancaster, and the
other York. Both had
legitimate claims to the
throne
3. Tudor Dynasty
King Henry VII ended the
private wars of the nobility
by prohibiting nobles from
running private armies of
followers that were
dedicated to their lords
The English didn’t have a
strong, standing army so
they relied on lords to raise
armies for a cause and then
disband them after
4. Tudor Dynasty
Court of Star
Chamber – didn’t use
juries and allowed
torture to be used
Didn’t have to call
Parliament frequently
by using diplomacy to
avoid wars
Set a stable
government for the
rest of the Tudors
5. They had two sons and
one daughter that
survived infancy
Arthur married Catherine
of Aragon of Spain
(Daughter of Queen
Isabela and King
Ferdinand)
8. King Henry VIII is Named Defender of Faith
• Published In Defense of the Seven Sacraments against Martin Luther
• The Pope awarded him Defender of Faith
9. Catherine of Aragon
could not give King
Henry VIII a son (only a
daughter named Mary
survived)
Henry needed a son as
an heir
He wanted a divorce for
Catherine but the Pope
refused because that
would create an enemy
with Spain
10. Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII fell in love
with Anne Boleyn
Anne refused to have
an affair with Henry
which meant that he
would have to divorce
Catherine
11. • Named him and all future heirs were the head of the Church of
England
• Pope could not intervene in England
• Now Henry VIII could divorce Catherine
12. Anglican Church
Henry VIII enlisted
Thomas Cranmer as
his assistant to create
this new church
Two of Henry’s most
trusted advisors, Moore
and Wolsey were
charged with treason
13.
14. They have one
daughter
together, named
Elizabeth in
1533
Anne gives birth
to a still-born
son the next
year
Uh-oh for Anne
Boleyn!
15.
16. Jane Seymour
Henry VIII married Jane
only 11 days after
Anne’s execution
They had a son
together named
Edward
Jane died giving birth to
Edward
17. • The creation of the Protestant Anglican Church caused uproar
in the Catholic part of Northern England
• Many people immigrated to the Americas
19. King Edward
VI (1537-1553)
Edward VI took the
throne at the age of
10, and was too
young to marry
He was the first
English monarch to
be raised in the
Anglican Church
20. Reforming the Anglican Church
Edward enlisted in the
help of Thomas
Cranmer
Created the English
Book of Common
Prayer (Anglican
prayers)
Made the Anglican
Church more
Protestant in its
traditions and beliefs
21. Edward fell ill at 16
He didn’t want his half sister Mary to rule
because she was Catholic
He makes it so his Anglican cousin, Lade
Jane Grey will take power
22. Lady Jane Grey was queen for 9 days
until she was executed by her
cousin, Mary
23. Queen Mary I (r. 1553-1558)
Mary was a super
Catholic
She promised religious
toleration to the
Anglicans
But in reality she tortured
and burned many of
them at the stake
She is given the
nickname “Bloody Mary”
24. She also
married her first
cousin, and
King of Spain,
Phillip II
The two of them
were very Catholic
and suppressed
any Protestant
movements
26. Queen Elizabeth I
The English welcomed
her after the harsh reign
of Mary I
She gave Anglicans
more rights and
practiced religious
toleration
She had many
domestic and foreign
threats
27. The Elizabethan Settlement
A compromise between the Catholics and
the Anglicans
The Anglican Church became the official
church of England and all sermons would
be in England
The sermons would seem more Catholic
Monarchy is head of the Church and not
the Pope
28. The Pope told the
English people
that Elizabeth I
was illegitimate
and not to follow
her
Regnans in
Excelsis
29. “The Virgin Queen”
Queen Elizabeth I refused to marry
because she feared that her husband
would take her power
Many English people didn’t trust Elizabeth
because they didn’t believe that a woman
could rule without a husband
30. Queen Mary of Scots
Mary of Scots was forced
to abdicate her throne
after she was accused of
assassinating her
husband
She went to Elizabeth for
help
She was next in line for
the English throne and
was accused of many
failed assassinations of
Elizabeth
31. Elizabeth had Mary Queen of Scots executed after 18
years of failed assassination plots
32. The Spanish Armada
King Phillip attacked Elizabeth to try to restore Catholicism in England
Elizabeth defeated the Armada at the Battle of Gravelines in 1588
