1. THE CELL

2. Cell Notes
 Robert _________made a microscope
Hooke
1665
in______. He looked at cork and called
cells
the little boxes he saw “_______”.

3. Cell Notes
 Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674)
living
observed tiny ______ organisms
(calling them “animacules”) in drops of
water
pond ________ through his simple
microscope.

4. Cell Notes
 Matthias Schleiden (1838) concluded
plants cells
that all ________are made of _______.
 Theordor 1839
Schwann (_____) Concluded
that all animals
______are made of cells.

5. Cell notes
 RudolfVirchow (1855) concluded that
new cells could only arise from the
division
_____________ of existing cells.

6. The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed
of______.
cells
basic unit
2. The cell is the ___________ of
structure and function in all living
things.
3. All cells come from
________________________
Preexisting cells

7. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
_____ Nucleus
No Nucleus
________
____ membrane-
No Membrane-covered
covered organelles organelles
_______ DNA
Circular Chromatin
_____________ DNA
Bacteria All other cells

8. Eukaryotic Cell
Structure

9. Cytoplasm
Portion of cell
outside of the
nucleus
Made of jellylike
mixture and
organelles

10. The Nucleus
 Controls most
activities in the cell
 Contains all genetic
information in the
form of DNA

11. Nuclear Envelope
Membrane made of
small pores in which
RNA and other
molecules exit

12. Chromatin vs. Chromosomes
Chromatin – relaxed DNA
(spaghetti)
 Chromosomes –condensed
DNA that appears during
mitosis/meiosis (X)

14. Nucleolus
Denseball of
chromatin in nucleus
Assembly of ribosomes
takes place here

15. Nucleus

17. Ribosomes
Protein maker
May be free in
cytoplasm or
attached to ER

18. Ribosomes

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Foundjust outside the nucleus
 Comes in two forms.

20. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Contains ribosomes
Constructs membrane and
exported proteins (digestive
and immune cells)
Constructs phospholipids

21. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Does not contain ribosomes
 Synthesizes lipids like
cholesterol, testosterone,
estrogen (sex cells)
 Contains enzymes to help
detoxify drugs and alcohol (liver
and kidney cells)

22. Ribosomes & Endoplasmic
Reticulum

23. Golgi Apparatus
 Postal Office
 Modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins for export
 Cells that make lots of saliva or
mucus have lots of Golgi bodies

24. Golgi Apparatus

25. Lysosomes
 The clean up crew of the cell
 Full of enzymes to break down
organelles, bacteria, food, etc.

26. Vacuole
Storagearea for
water, waste, or
pigments
Support for plants

27. Vacuoles

28. Mitochondria
 Food + O2  Energy + CO2 + H2O
 Converts food into energy the cell
can use
 Composed of two membranous
envelopes
 Many mitochondria in muscle cells

29. Mitochondria

30. Chloroplast
 Site
of Photosynthesis
–GREEN
–Sunlight + CO2 + H2O 
C6H12O6 + O2

31. Chloroplast

32. Chromoplast
Contain red, orange, and
yellow pigments
Ex: Carrots, flower petal
cells, and fall leaves!!

33. Chromoplast
Yellow flower Red Pepper
petal

34. Cytoskeleton
Used to maintain
structure of animal and
plant cells
Involved in
movement

35. Cytoskeleton
Microtubules –tube
shaped structure that
forms ‘tracks’
Microfilaments- rod
shaped structures

37. Cytoskeleton

38. Centrioles
Two short
cylinders of
microtubules that
help the cell in
reproduction
(mitosis)
Forms Spindle

39. Cell Membrane
 Regulates what enters and
leaves the cell
 Provides protection and support
 Composed of a phospholipid
bilayer with embedded protein
channels and carbohydrate
chains

40. Cell Membrane

41. Plasma Membrane Structure:

42. Cell Wall
 Provides
protection and
support
 Inplants, algae,
fungi, and
prokaryotes
 In
plants, made of
Cellulose

43. Cell Wall

44. Cilia & Flagella
Made of microtubules
Cilia- many hair-like projections
Flagella – very long projection (s)

45. FLAGELLA