The document summarizes a study on developing a strategy for upland tropical agriculture in Ngebel Village, Ponorogo District, East Java, Indonesia towards sustainable environmental management. The study analyzed the feasibility of annual crop farming in the village and found that crops like durian and mangosteen were profitable options. A SWOT analysis identified developing agro-tourism by capitalizing on the village's natural beauty and utilizing existing government land and banks as a strengths-opportunities strategy. The strategy aims to maximize existing strengths and opportunities to support farmers and conserve the environment.
This document discusses the use of remote sensing technology to evaluate the impact of participatory forest management programs on forest cover in West Bengal, India. It provides background on the history of forest management in West Bengal, including the initiation of social forestry and joint forest management programs in the 1980s to involve local communities. The study aims to develop a methodology using remote sensing for rapid, real-time monitoring of forest and tree cover across West Bengal to assess the effectiveness of these participatory programs. Conventional monitoring methods are time-consuming and can be outdated, so remote sensing allows for more timely evaluation to guide management decisions.
Remodeling a Manually Operated Bio Briquetting Machine for Bio Briquetting of...Premier Publishers
Briquetting of organic waste like wheat straw, peanut shell, coconut fibers, rice husk, maize cob and various other agricultural residues is a common practice in India and abroad. Generally briquetting process is done by application of heat and pressure through electrically driven machines. This paper accounts for developing a bio briquetting machine in horizontal orientation and a comparative study between two models of manually driven bio briquetting machine for a harmful forest bio residue of Western Himalayas named as dry and fallen pine needles. One of the authors of this paper has successfully designed and manufactured these two types of manually driven forest bio residue briquetting machine in vertical and horizontal orientation. These machines are designed to reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote clean and green energy. The uniqueness of the paper is also reflected by adopting grass not level execution strategy for addressing climate change issue and creating livelihood opportunities for the communities through converting a harmful forest bio residue into a useful resource for clean energy under social entrepreneurship skills. It is further added that such an intervention will avoid devastating forest fires which are primarily initiated by huge quantity of dry and fallen pine needles lying on the forest floors. A manually operated bio briquetting machine finds its larger acceptability for a eco fragile, fire prone, chir pine forest areas of Western Himalayas by eliminating fire hazards as well as providing direct economic benefits to the villages through the sale of bio briquettes.
The source of energy captured by plants is the sun, which will be the constant source of energy for the next few billion years. The carbon released from the burning of biofuels is continually cycled rather than being released from the ancient fixed carbon sources, as is the case for fossil petroleum and natural gas. The problem is that the cost of the production of fuels from lignocellulose and plant oils is high and this nascent industry cannot compete with the oil prices. Current progress: For the past two decades, ethanol has been synthesized primarily from cornstarch and cane sugar. Fourteen billion gallons of ethanol were synthesized in the USA from cornstarch in 2014. Approximately 40% of the current USA corn crop is availed to produce ethanol and is not likely to expand anymore, because the remainder of the crop is being availed for animal feed and human food. Ethanol is produced from cane sugar in Brazil at a level of 7.2 billion gallons in the year 2014. The renewable energy source is the major terrain to be considered (Sreeremya, 2019).
Agroforestry has a high potential for simultaneously satisfying three important objectives viz., protecting and also stabilizing the ecosystems; producing a high level of output of economic goods; and improving the income and basic materials to the rural population. It has helped in the rehabilitation of the degraded lands on the one hand and has increased farm productivity on the other. At present, agroforestry meets almost half of the demand for fuelwood, 2/3 of the small timber, approx. 70-80 per cent wood for plywood, 60 per cent raw material for paper pulp and approx. 9-11 per cent of the green fodder requirement of livestock, besides meeting the subsistence needs of the households for food, fruit, fiber, medicine etc.
Presented by Dr. Ir. Bambang Supriyanto, M.Sc. (Director General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership - Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia) on "Signing of MoU on scientific and technical cooperation between FOERDIA, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia and CIFOR" (26 February 2019)
Analysis of extension services in forest conservation in ogun state, nigeria.Alexander Decker
This document analyzes extension services for forest conservation in Ogun State, Nigeria. It finds that most forest officers are between 31-45 years old and have high literacy. Common extension services identified include education programs and publications to raise awareness. Forest officers generally found the extension services to be effective, but identified constraints like lack of funding and materials. The study concludes that effective extension is important for forest conservation, and addressing challenges can improve services.
Social forestry aims to help environmental, social, and rural development through managing and protecting forests, and planting trees in deforested and barren lands. The document discusses a tour of social forestry sites in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, including char plantations where trees have been planted with local community involvement. It describes the species planted, sharing of financial benefits, and some challenges faced including land disputes and lack of funding/manpower. The conclusion states that social forestry plays an important role in forest production, poverty alleviation, and development in the region through community participation.
This document summarizes a project that developed strategies to improve livelihoods for smallholders in Indonesia through integrated production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products. The project established demonstration trials in four regions of Indonesia and provided training to over 2,400 farmers. It developed grand strategies for three regions and improved market linkages. Moving forward, the project aims to increase smallholder incomes through promoting improved production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products within a landscape management approach.
This document discusses the use of remote sensing technology to evaluate the impact of participatory forest management programs on forest cover in West Bengal, India. It provides background on the history of forest management in West Bengal, including the initiation of social forestry and joint forest management programs in the 1980s to involve local communities. The study aims to develop a methodology using remote sensing for rapid, real-time monitoring of forest and tree cover across West Bengal to assess the effectiveness of these participatory programs. Conventional monitoring methods are time-consuming and can be outdated, so remote sensing allows for more timely evaluation to guide management decisions.
Remodeling a Manually Operated Bio Briquetting Machine for Bio Briquetting of...Premier Publishers
Briquetting of organic waste like wheat straw, peanut shell, coconut fibers, rice husk, maize cob and various other agricultural residues is a common practice in India and abroad. Generally briquetting process is done by application of heat and pressure through electrically driven machines. This paper accounts for developing a bio briquetting machine in horizontal orientation and a comparative study between two models of manually driven bio briquetting machine for a harmful forest bio residue of Western Himalayas named as dry and fallen pine needles. One of the authors of this paper has successfully designed and manufactured these two types of manually driven forest bio residue briquetting machine in vertical and horizontal orientation. These machines are designed to reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote clean and green energy. The uniqueness of the paper is also reflected by adopting grass not level execution strategy for addressing climate change issue and creating livelihood opportunities for the communities through converting a harmful forest bio residue into a useful resource for clean energy under social entrepreneurship skills. It is further added that such an intervention will avoid devastating forest fires which are primarily initiated by huge quantity of dry and fallen pine needles lying on the forest floors. A manually operated bio briquetting machine finds its larger acceptability for a eco fragile, fire prone, chir pine forest areas of Western Himalayas by eliminating fire hazards as well as providing direct economic benefits to the villages through the sale of bio briquettes.
The source of energy captured by plants is the sun, which will be the constant source of energy for the next few billion years. The carbon released from the burning of biofuels is continually cycled rather than being released from the ancient fixed carbon sources, as is the case for fossil petroleum and natural gas. The problem is that the cost of the production of fuels from lignocellulose and plant oils is high and this nascent industry cannot compete with the oil prices. Current progress: For the past two decades, ethanol has been synthesized primarily from cornstarch and cane sugar. Fourteen billion gallons of ethanol were synthesized in the USA from cornstarch in 2014. Approximately 40% of the current USA corn crop is availed to produce ethanol and is not likely to expand anymore, because the remainder of the crop is being availed for animal feed and human food. Ethanol is produced from cane sugar in Brazil at a level of 7.2 billion gallons in the year 2014. The renewable energy source is the major terrain to be considered (Sreeremya, 2019).
Agroforestry has a high potential for simultaneously satisfying three important objectives viz., protecting and also stabilizing the ecosystems; producing a high level of output of economic goods; and improving the income and basic materials to the rural population. It has helped in the rehabilitation of the degraded lands on the one hand and has increased farm productivity on the other. At present, agroforestry meets almost half of the demand for fuelwood, 2/3 of the small timber, approx. 70-80 per cent wood for plywood, 60 per cent raw material for paper pulp and approx. 9-11 per cent of the green fodder requirement of livestock, besides meeting the subsistence needs of the households for food, fruit, fiber, medicine etc.
Presented by Dr. Ir. Bambang Supriyanto, M.Sc. (Director General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership - Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia) on "Signing of MoU on scientific and technical cooperation between FOERDIA, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia and CIFOR" (26 February 2019)
Analysis of extension services in forest conservation in ogun state, nigeria.Alexander Decker
This document analyzes extension services for forest conservation in Ogun State, Nigeria. It finds that most forest officers are between 31-45 years old and have high literacy. Common extension services identified include education programs and publications to raise awareness. Forest officers generally found the extension services to be effective, but identified constraints like lack of funding and materials. The study concludes that effective extension is important for forest conservation, and addressing challenges can improve services.
Social forestry aims to help environmental, social, and rural development through managing and protecting forests, and planting trees in deforested and barren lands. The document discusses a tour of social forestry sites in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, including char plantations where trees have been planted with local community involvement. It describes the species planted, sharing of financial benefits, and some challenges faced including land disputes and lack of funding/manpower. The conclusion states that social forestry plays an important role in forest production, poverty alleviation, and development in the region through community participation.
This document summarizes a project that developed strategies to improve livelihoods for smallholders in Indonesia through integrated production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products. The project established demonstration trials in four regions of Indonesia and provided training to over 2,400 farmers. It developed grand strategies for three regions and improved market linkages. Moving forward, the project aims to increase smallholder incomes through promoting improved production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products within a landscape management approach.
An analysis on the investment of forestland modelling using the agroforestry...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes investment in forestland modeling using agroforestry landscape systems in Kutai Kartanegara District, Indonesia.
2. It studies five forestland models: monoculture super teakwood, super teakwood and durian, monoculture durian, durian and coffee, and rambutan and mahogany.
3. The analysis finds that the super teakwood and durian model generates the highest income and production compared to other models and that all models are financially feasible based on their internal rates of return exceeding minimum acceptability rates.
A Brief Overview on Social Forestry Issues of MyanmarCIFOR-ICRAF
1) The document discusses social forestry issues in Myanmar, including the large area of forest cover and populations that depend on forests for subsistence through practices like shifting cultivation.
2) It notes challenges like poverty and lack of alternative livelihoods that contribute to shifting cultivation, and efforts by the government to promote alternatives like agroforestry and community forestry.
3) The document analyzes land tenure policies and changes being made to provide more secure land rights and management opportunities to forest communities through practices like long-term land leases.
Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project in KPAlee Shah
The document outlines the Green Growth Initiative by the KP government in Pakistan to promote environmentally sustainable development. It focuses on six areas: forestry, protected areas, clean energy, climate resilience, water/sanitation, and waste management. A key part of the initiative is the Billion Trees Tsunami Afforestation Project, which aims to plant trees across KP province. The project will be implemented in two phases, with phase one focusing on establishing nurseries, plantations, and forest closures to promote natural regeneration. It involves partnerships between the forestry department and local communities.
Impact Assessment of Agroforestry Practices on Community Socio-Economic Livel...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Agroforestry is the source of energy for cooking, materials for construction, domestic utensils and other products and services including fruits, medicine, livestock, feeding and fencing. This study aimed to assess the impact of agroforestry practices on community"s socioeconomic livelihoods in Karongi district, western Rwanda. The authors interviewed 45 Agroforestry Practioners (AFP) and 45 Non-Agroforestry Practioners (NAFP) from 8 cells randomly selected between July and September 2019.The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20. The result, as asserted by 100 % of AFP, the Grevillea robustae was the frequently planted specie on contours and terraces due to its contribution on improving soil fertility and protecting the soil against erosion. The inheritance of land is the main mode of getting lands as mentioned by 69% and 62% of AFP and NAFP, respectively. In addition, it was noted that the number of reared goat, cattle and poultry is higher for the AFP than that of NAFP. Furthermore, the AFP" mean yearly income and its uses (food security, agriculture and household building) is significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that of NAFP. Thus, in Karongi District, the agroforestry significantly enhances its practioner"s livelihoods. This study can serve as guide to other similar areas in adopting the agroforestry.
The document discusses the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and its interest in forest landscape restoration. ITTO aims to promote sustainable management of tropical forests and trade in tropical timber. It has 60 member countries and has funded over 750 projects totaling over $375 million. Relevant to forest landscape restoration, ITTO has guidelines on restoring degraded forests and conserving biodiversity in production forests. ITTO supports projects involving restoration, reduced impact logging, and community forestry.
Understanding diversity of smallholder agro-forestry and forestry systems in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation examines the importance of social science approaches to understanding social and political dynamics of interventions on forest development in sloping lands.
This presentation was given by Kiran Asher at the World Conference on Agroforestry, Feb 10-14, 2014, New Delhi, India, and Transforming Mountain Forestry ICIMOD symposium, Dehra Dun, Jan 2015.
This training manual provides information about agroforestry practices that intentionally integrate trees and shrubs with crops and livestock. The five main agroforestry practices discussed are riparian forest buffers, windbreaks, alley cropping, silvopasture, and forest farming. These practices provide multiple environmental, economic, and social benefits and are designed to fit specific landowner objectives. The manual is intended to help landowners learn about and implement agroforestry.
The document discusses how agroforestry can improve nutrition, health, and well-being for smallholder farmers. It notes that agroforestry provides direct food, diversifies diets, and increases incomes. However, agroforestry is underutilized due to issues like insecure land tenure, a lack of coordination between sectors, and inadequate services for smallholders. The document outlines ways to promote agroforestry, including by strengthening land rights, coordinating policies, and increasing access to resources. It provides examples of FAO projects that have implemented agroforestry practices to improve food security.
Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title "Concept of
Agro- forestry"
This presentation covers various points related to Concept of agroforestry, social forestry, farm forestry, extension forestry, mixed forestry, shelterbelts, strip plantation, recreation forestry, objectives of agroforestry, types of agroforestry, agrisilvicultural forestry system, agrisilvopastoral agroforestry system, silvopastoral agroforestry system, application and components of agroforestry system, multifunctional agroforestry , benefits of agroforestry system, challenges and obstacles in agroforestry adoption, Initiatives of agroforestry development, agroforestry suitability map, Jharkhand agroforestry etc.
My YouTube channel name "JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV" published contents and link as below :
1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics
Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s
2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations
Link : https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc
3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production
Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c
4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy
Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228
5. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress (Hindi) ( झारखण्ड के विभिन्न जलवायु क्षेत्र , वर्षा प्रणाली एवं अजैविक दबाव )
Link : https://youtu.be/sGG7AT6-EoY
6. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress
Link : https://youtu.be/00rL1Pj5Kkk
7. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming
Link : https://youtu.be/8UGR1RTJeVQ
8. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming (झारखण्ड की वर्षा पोषित कृषि , मुख्य फसलें , वर्षा जल संचयन और मत्स्य पालन) - In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/mi4AwBvkAeg
9. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming
Link : https://youtu.be/1gxu6hmZ0us
10. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming ( झारखण्ड की मृदा उर्वरता की अवस्था , मिट्टी की स्वास्थ्य वृद्धि और जैविक खेती की अवधारणा )-In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/9-R5c7_HDN8
11. Classification of crops
Link : https://youtu.be/VHC8izeI4cA
12. Seeds and sowing
Link : https://youtu.be/9DsWBOyBO0Q
13. Classification of crops (फसलों के वर्गीकरण )-Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/ySDb-Qs-rz8
14. Concept of Agro-forestry.mp4
Link : https://youtu.be/E5-xwdsLOiM
15. Wastelands and Means to Reclaim them
https://youtu.be/qbwT5DXoFUU
Perception of Household on Greening methods to Ameliorate Climate change in S...IJEABJ
The project investigated the perception of household on greening methods to ameliorate climate change in south- west of Oyo state. The study was carried out in Oluyole local Government of Oyo state, Nigeria. Where two areas were randomly selected (Oluyole estate and Oluyole Extension). A total number of 91 structured questionnaires were retrieved out of 130 administered. Data collected were analyzed. Descriptive was used to analyzed socio economic characteristics, sources of information on greening, perception of respondent on greening, different greening method by the respondent and constraints, cross tabulation was used to explain association between socio characteristics and greening method and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to analyzed constraints and greening method by the respondents, relationship between the perception and greening method by the respondents. The result of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were male (65.9%),and between the ages of 31-40 (34.2%), majority also had tertiary education(58.2%) this showed that people within the study area were informed on the value of education, it was also revealed that majority of the respondent agreed that the human activities have led to climate change 3.51 mean value, Developing countries should take most of the blame for climate change (3.07) mean value and that laws governing the forestry management in Nigeria should be revisited with 2.03mean value. Respondents agreed that planting of trees, planting of tree crops, planting of flowers, planting of shrubs like Morida lucida, Moringa oleifera, Glyricidia sepium, management and development are the best method to ameliorate climate change, it was observed that deforestation, urbanization, industrialization, Lack of good policy by Federal Government are the major constraints. The use solar energy is the least that people use because majority are using generator which add carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. This study recommended that human activities should be controlled in order to modify our environment, planting of trees, planting of tree crops like mango, cashew, orange, coconut will serve as fruit for family as well as improvement on climate change, planting of flowers for beautification and planting of shrubs are the best method to ameliorate climate change. Laws should be enacted to avoid climate change based on deforestation and good policies should be put to practice by Federal Government base on industrialization in urban areas.
Seed development programs & seed and agricultural organizations VIJAYKUMARSHRIVASTAV2
Seed, seed development programs, seed organization, national agricultural organizations, international agricultural organizations, five year plan, agriculture extension program, agriculture research organization, agriculture research center, national agriculture bureau, agriculture project directorate
Social forestry aims to achieve environmental benefits and rural development through afforestation on barren lands. It involves managing and developing forests to meet the basic needs of rural populations like fuel, fodder, and manure. The objectives of social forestry in India are to increase forest area, restore ecological balance, meet rural needs, ensure better land use, generate employment, and check pollution. The components of social forestry include farm forestry, extension forestry, rural forestry, community forestry, and agroforestry.
The Influence of Different Management Modes on the Potential of Moso Bamboo C...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Bamboo forest carbon sequestration has strong development potential in coping with global climate change. The management of Moso bamboo forest can exert its own strong carbon sequestration ability and promote farmers' income, which is the fundamental point of bamboo industry development and can integrate ecological, economic, and social benefits. In this study, two Moso bamboo forests with different management modes in Lin'an and Yuhang of Zhejiang Province were used as research points. Using the system dynamic thinking method, a dynamic system model was constructed to simulate the growth process of Moso bamboo and its carbon sink supply. Then comparative analysis was made of its carbon sink supply potential. It is easy for bamboo forest managers to change management measures according to their requirements and create a dynamic balance between ecology and economics when determining the optimum management mode for the bamboo forest under the supply potential of carbon sink. According to the study results, the carbon sink supply under the intensive model is the most ideal, while the carbon sink supply under the extensive peach blossom model is the least ideal.
1. The document discusses degraded land and desert ecosystems in India, including the causes of degraded lands such as overutilization of resources and unscientific land management practices.
2. It outlines various government policies and programs aimed at wasteland development, desertification control, and sustainable land use, including the National Environment Policy, Integrated Wasteland Development Project (IWDP), and National Land Use and Conservation Board.
3. Suggested strategies for improving degraded lands and making use of uncultivable wastelands include afforestation, reforestation, soil conservation activities, changing agricultural practices, and non-agricultural uses of barren lands.
The document outlines ongoing afforestation programs and research activities in Pakistan. It discusses projects to improve infrastructure at the Pakistan Forest Institute and research on species like neem, paulownia, chalgoza, walnut and almond. A study is also underway to optimize water use for six tree species including eucalyptus. Additionally, research aims to increase wood production, develop techniques for arid areas, control pests and diseases, and produce quality tree seeds.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents research on analyzing tree ring widths from blue pine trees in Nepal over the past century to understand the tree's growth responses to climate variables. Samples were collected from 35 trees and 31 ring series from 20 trees were used to develop a long-term tree ring chronology. The results showed that blue pine growth was positively correlated with precipitation in all seasons except post-monsoon, and negatively correlated with temperature in all seasons, with pre-monsoon being the most drought stressful period for growth.
Comparing governance reforms to restore the forest commons in Nepal, China an...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Peter Cronkleton of the Center for International Forestry Research at the 16th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons July 14, 2017 in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
This document discusses smallholder farmers' agricultural land use and challenges in forest-fringed communities in Ghana. It finds that the dominant land uses are food crop and animal production, but farmers face problems like poor soils, small farm sizes, climate variability, weeds, and pests. The study assessed how agroforestry, which integrates trees and crops, could help address these land use problems. It administered surveys to farmers and reviewed secondary data, finding that agroforestry has potential to improve soil fertility, boost food production, and provide alternative income sources when crop yields are low. However, the document recommends that more extension efforts by government agencies could further optimize agroforestry's benefits for farmers in forest-
This document provides technical specifications for 4 solar cell part numbers from CanadianSolar, including the maximum power (Pmax), voltage and current at maximum power (Vpm and Ipm), open circuit voltage (Voc), and short circuit current (Isc). It also mentions that Pspice and LTspice models are available and the cells were modeled by Bee Technologies.
The potency of some brands of anti diabetic medicine- metformin hydrochloride...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed seven brands of metformin hydrochloride 500mg tablets from pharmacies in Accra, Ghana to test their potency. The study tested the tablets for assay, dissolution rate, and uniformity of weight based on standards from the British Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that all seven brands passed these tests, indicating they contained the labeled amount of active ingredient and met other quality standards. The study concluded that these metformin tablets on the Ghanaian market were potent, though further testing of other brands is recommended.
An analysis on the investment of forestland modelling using the agroforestry...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes investment in forestland modeling using agroforestry landscape systems in Kutai Kartanegara District, Indonesia.
2. It studies five forestland models: monoculture super teakwood, super teakwood and durian, monoculture durian, durian and coffee, and rambutan and mahogany.
3. The analysis finds that the super teakwood and durian model generates the highest income and production compared to other models and that all models are financially feasible based on their internal rates of return exceeding minimum acceptability rates.
A Brief Overview on Social Forestry Issues of MyanmarCIFOR-ICRAF
1) The document discusses social forestry issues in Myanmar, including the large area of forest cover and populations that depend on forests for subsistence through practices like shifting cultivation.
2) It notes challenges like poverty and lack of alternative livelihoods that contribute to shifting cultivation, and efforts by the government to promote alternatives like agroforestry and community forestry.
3) The document analyzes land tenure policies and changes being made to provide more secure land rights and management opportunities to forest communities through practices like long-term land leases.
Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project in KPAlee Shah
The document outlines the Green Growth Initiative by the KP government in Pakistan to promote environmentally sustainable development. It focuses on six areas: forestry, protected areas, clean energy, climate resilience, water/sanitation, and waste management. A key part of the initiative is the Billion Trees Tsunami Afforestation Project, which aims to plant trees across KP province. The project will be implemented in two phases, with phase one focusing on establishing nurseries, plantations, and forest closures to promote natural regeneration. It involves partnerships between the forestry department and local communities.
Impact Assessment of Agroforestry Practices on Community Socio-Economic Livel...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Agroforestry is the source of energy for cooking, materials for construction, domestic utensils and other products and services including fruits, medicine, livestock, feeding and fencing. This study aimed to assess the impact of agroforestry practices on community"s socioeconomic livelihoods in Karongi district, western Rwanda. The authors interviewed 45 Agroforestry Practioners (AFP) and 45 Non-Agroforestry Practioners (NAFP) from 8 cells randomly selected between July and September 2019.The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20. The result, as asserted by 100 % of AFP, the Grevillea robustae was the frequently planted specie on contours and terraces due to its contribution on improving soil fertility and protecting the soil against erosion. The inheritance of land is the main mode of getting lands as mentioned by 69% and 62% of AFP and NAFP, respectively. In addition, it was noted that the number of reared goat, cattle and poultry is higher for the AFP than that of NAFP. Furthermore, the AFP" mean yearly income and its uses (food security, agriculture and household building) is significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that of NAFP. Thus, in Karongi District, the agroforestry significantly enhances its practioner"s livelihoods. This study can serve as guide to other similar areas in adopting the agroforestry.
The document discusses the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and its interest in forest landscape restoration. ITTO aims to promote sustainable management of tropical forests and trade in tropical timber. It has 60 member countries and has funded over 750 projects totaling over $375 million. Relevant to forest landscape restoration, ITTO has guidelines on restoring degraded forests and conserving biodiversity in production forests. ITTO supports projects involving restoration, reduced impact logging, and community forestry.
Understanding diversity of smallholder agro-forestry and forestry systems in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation examines the importance of social science approaches to understanding social and political dynamics of interventions on forest development in sloping lands.
This presentation was given by Kiran Asher at the World Conference on Agroforestry, Feb 10-14, 2014, New Delhi, India, and Transforming Mountain Forestry ICIMOD symposium, Dehra Dun, Jan 2015.
This training manual provides information about agroforestry practices that intentionally integrate trees and shrubs with crops and livestock. The five main agroforestry practices discussed are riparian forest buffers, windbreaks, alley cropping, silvopasture, and forest farming. These practices provide multiple environmental, economic, and social benefits and are designed to fit specific landowner objectives. The manual is intended to help landowners learn about and implement agroforestry.
The document discusses how agroforestry can improve nutrition, health, and well-being for smallholder farmers. It notes that agroforestry provides direct food, diversifies diets, and increases incomes. However, agroforestry is underutilized due to issues like insecure land tenure, a lack of coordination between sectors, and inadequate services for smallholders. The document outlines ways to promote agroforestry, including by strengthening land rights, coordinating policies, and increasing access to resources. It provides examples of FAO projects that have implemented agroforestry practices to improve food security.
Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title "Concept of
Agro- forestry"
This presentation covers various points related to Concept of agroforestry, social forestry, farm forestry, extension forestry, mixed forestry, shelterbelts, strip plantation, recreation forestry, objectives of agroforestry, types of agroforestry, agrisilvicultural forestry system, agrisilvopastoral agroforestry system, silvopastoral agroforestry system, application and components of agroforestry system, multifunctional agroforestry , benefits of agroforestry system, challenges and obstacles in agroforestry adoption, Initiatives of agroforestry development, agroforestry suitability map, Jharkhand agroforestry etc.
My YouTube channel name "JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV" published contents and link as below :
1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics
Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s
2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations
Link : https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc
3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production
Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c
4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy
Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228
5. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress (Hindi) ( झारखण्ड के विभिन्न जलवायु क्षेत्र , वर्षा प्रणाली एवं अजैविक दबाव )
Link : https://youtu.be/sGG7AT6-EoY
6. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress
Link : https://youtu.be/00rL1Pj5Kkk
7. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming
Link : https://youtu.be/8UGR1RTJeVQ
8. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming (झारखण्ड की वर्षा पोषित कृषि , मुख्य फसलें , वर्षा जल संचयन और मत्स्य पालन) - In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/mi4AwBvkAeg
9. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming
Link : https://youtu.be/1gxu6hmZ0us
10. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming ( झारखण्ड की मृदा उर्वरता की अवस्था , मिट्टी की स्वास्थ्य वृद्धि और जैविक खेती की अवधारणा )-In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/9-R5c7_HDN8
11. Classification of crops
Link : https://youtu.be/VHC8izeI4cA
12. Seeds and sowing
Link : https://youtu.be/9DsWBOyBO0Q
13. Classification of crops (फसलों के वर्गीकरण )-Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/ySDb-Qs-rz8
14. Concept of Agro-forestry.mp4
Link : https://youtu.be/E5-xwdsLOiM
15. Wastelands and Means to Reclaim them
https://youtu.be/qbwT5DXoFUU
Perception of Household on Greening methods to Ameliorate Climate change in S...IJEABJ
The project investigated the perception of household on greening methods to ameliorate climate change in south- west of Oyo state. The study was carried out in Oluyole local Government of Oyo state, Nigeria. Where two areas were randomly selected (Oluyole estate and Oluyole Extension). A total number of 91 structured questionnaires were retrieved out of 130 administered. Data collected were analyzed. Descriptive was used to analyzed socio economic characteristics, sources of information on greening, perception of respondent on greening, different greening method by the respondent and constraints, cross tabulation was used to explain association between socio characteristics and greening method and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to analyzed constraints and greening method by the respondents, relationship between the perception and greening method by the respondents. The result of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were male (65.9%),and between the ages of 31-40 (34.2%), majority also had tertiary education(58.2%) this showed that people within the study area were informed on the value of education, it was also revealed that majority of the respondent agreed that the human activities have led to climate change 3.51 mean value, Developing countries should take most of the blame for climate change (3.07) mean value and that laws governing the forestry management in Nigeria should be revisited with 2.03mean value. Respondents agreed that planting of trees, planting of tree crops, planting of flowers, planting of shrubs like Morida lucida, Moringa oleifera, Glyricidia sepium, management and development are the best method to ameliorate climate change, it was observed that deforestation, urbanization, industrialization, Lack of good policy by Federal Government are the major constraints. The use solar energy is the least that people use because majority are using generator which add carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. This study recommended that human activities should be controlled in order to modify our environment, planting of trees, planting of tree crops like mango, cashew, orange, coconut will serve as fruit for family as well as improvement on climate change, planting of flowers for beautification and planting of shrubs are the best method to ameliorate climate change. Laws should be enacted to avoid climate change based on deforestation and good policies should be put to practice by Federal Government base on industrialization in urban areas.
Seed development programs & seed and agricultural organizations VIJAYKUMARSHRIVASTAV2
Seed, seed development programs, seed organization, national agricultural organizations, international agricultural organizations, five year plan, agriculture extension program, agriculture research organization, agriculture research center, national agriculture bureau, agriculture project directorate
Social forestry aims to achieve environmental benefits and rural development through afforestation on barren lands. It involves managing and developing forests to meet the basic needs of rural populations like fuel, fodder, and manure. The objectives of social forestry in India are to increase forest area, restore ecological balance, meet rural needs, ensure better land use, generate employment, and check pollution. The components of social forestry include farm forestry, extension forestry, rural forestry, community forestry, and agroforestry.
The Influence of Different Management Modes on the Potential of Moso Bamboo C...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Bamboo forest carbon sequestration has strong development potential in coping with global climate change. The management of Moso bamboo forest can exert its own strong carbon sequestration ability and promote farmers' income, which is the fundamental point of bamboo industry development and can integrate ecological, economic, and social benefits. In this study, two Moso bamboo forests with different management modes in Lin'an and Yuhang of Zhejiang Province were used as research points. Using the system dynamic thinking method, a dynamic system model was constructed to simulate the growth process of Moso bamboo and its carbon sink supply. Then comparative analysis was made of its carbon sink supply potential. It is easy for bamboo forest managers to change management measures according to their requirements and create a dynamic balance between ecology and economics when determining the optimum management mode for the bamboo forest under the supply potential of carbon sink. According to the study results, the carbon sink supply under the intensive model is the most ideal, while the carbon sink supply under the extensive peach blossom model is the least ideal.
1. The document discusses degraded land and desert ecosystems in India, including the causes of degraded lands such as overutilization of resources and unscientific land management practices.
2. It outlines various government policies and programs aimed at wasteland development, desertification control, and sustainable land use, including the National Environment Policy, Integrated Wasteland Development Project (IWDP), and National Land Use and Conservation Board.
3. Suggested strategies for improving degraded lands and making use of uncultivable wastelands include afforestation, reforestation, soil conservation activities, changing agricultural practices, and non-agricultural uses of barren lands.
The document outlines ongoing afforestation programs and research activities in Pakistan. It discusses projects to improve infrastructure at the Pakistan Forest Institute and research on species like neem, paulownia, chalgoza, walnut and almond. A study is also underway to optimize water use for six tree species including eucalyptus. Additionally, research aims to increase wood production, develop techniques for arid areas, control pests and diseases, and produce quality tree seeds.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents research on analyzing tree ring widths from blue pine trees in Nepal over the past century to understand the tree's growth responses to climate variables. Samples were collected from 35 trees and 31 ring series from 20 trees were used to develop a long-term tree ring chronology. The results showed that blue pine growth was positively correlated with precipitation in all seasons except post-monsoon, and negatively correlated with temperature in all seasons, with pre-monsoon being the most drought stressful period for growth.
Comparing governance reforms to restore the forest commons in Nepal, China an...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Peter Cronkleton of the Center for International Forestry Research at the 16th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons July 14, 2017 in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
This document discusses smallholder farmers' agricultural land use and challenges in forest-fringed communities in Ghana. It finds that the dominant land uses are food crop and animal production, but farmers face problems like poor soils, small farm sizes, climate variability, weeds, and pests. The study assessed how agroforestry, which integrates trees and crops, could help address these land use problems. It administered surveys to farmers and reviewed secondary data, finding that agroforestry has potential to improve soil fertility, boost food production, and provide alternative income sources when crop yields are low. However, the document recommends that more extension efforts by government agencies could further optimize agroforestry's benefits for farmers in forest-
This document provides technical specifications for 4 solar cell part numbers from CanadianSolar, including the maximum power (Pmax), voltage and current at maximum power (Vpm and Ipm), open circuit voltage (Voc), and short circuit current (Isc). It also mentions that Pspice and LTspice models are available and the cells were modeled by Bee Technologies.
The potency of some brands of anti diabetic medicine- metformin hydrochloride...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed seven brands of metformin hydrochloride 500mg tablets from pharmacies in Accra, Ghana to test their potency. The study tested the tablets for assay, dissolution rate, and uniformity of weight based on standards from the British Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that all seven brands passed these tests, indicating they contained the labeled amount of active ingredient and met other quality standards. The study concluded that these metformin tablets on the Ghanaian market were potent, though further testing of other brands is recommended.
Use and satisfaction with online public access catalogue in selected universi...Alexander Decker
This study examined students' use and satisfaction of online public access catalogs (OPAC) at two university libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study found that OPAC utilization was poor, with most students not using it at all. However, students reported being moderately satisfied with OPAC when they used it. Major challenges to OPAC use included lack of student training on how to use OPAC, insufficient computer resources, and unreliable power supply. The study recommends that libraries provide better OPAC training for students and increase computer resources to improve OPAC usage.
Urban flooding and vulnerability of nigerian citiesAlexander Decker
Urban flooding has become a recurring issue in many Nigerian cities, including Awka and Onitsha in Anambra State. The study examines the causes and impacts of flooding in these two cities, with the goal of recommending measures to address the problem. Primary and secondary data show that flooding causes major losses and disruption, but the cities have received limited government support to address environmental issues. Key factors contributing to flooding include inadequate drainage infrastructure, poor drainage design and construction, uncontrolled development that blocks drainage, and improper solid waste management. To reduce vulnerability, the study recommends developing and implementing comprehensive urban flooding control programs that involve the public.
The relationship between the eps the market stock returnAlexander Decker
This document discusses research on the relationship between earnings per share (EPS) and stock market returns. It notes that previous studies have found EPS explains less than 11% of changes in returns. The study aims to test this relationship for industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. It discusses two models for representing unexpected earnings - using change in EPS or level of EPS. The study hypothesizes that both measures will significantly affect returns but that level of EPS may better explain returns. It also hypothesizes that using multiple earnings variables could improve explanation of returns. The literature review discusses a previous Jordanian study on the relationship between stock prices, current EPS, and future profits.
The supply side gaps and opportunities of small & medium enterprises (sm es) ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the challenges faced by financial institutions in lending to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study found that SMEs in Bangladesh are underserved by financial institutions, which lack customer-tailored products and specialized credit risk assessment systems. Providing loans to SMEs also requires a long time for credit clearance. To address these supply-side gaps, the study recommends identifying the risks faced by commercial banks in lending to SMEs and finding solutions to increase credit flows to the important SME sector.
This document discusses the top IT management concerns in Kenya. It identifies several key concerns, including IT strategic alignment, cost reduction, business productivity, business agility, and generating revenue from IT investments. It also notes Africa-specific challenges such as developing IT infrastructure, improving IT governance, and developing IT human resources and skills. The document provides context on the IT management concerns through references and background on the author.
Use of gender exclusive language in secondary school english textbooks in kenyaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the use of gender-exclusive language in secondary school English textbooks in Kenya. Specifically, it looks at the textbook "New Integrated English Student’s Book 3" and identifies examples where the pronouns "he" and nouns containing "man" are used generically to refer to people but unintentionally exclude women. The research paper provides the identified examples, suggests more gender-inclusive alternatives in brackets, and gives a short comment on how the original phrasing assigns stereotypical gender roles. The goal of the research is to promote more inclusive language in educational materials in order to shape learner attitudes and represent both genders equally in societal development.
Effect of soil conservation investment on efficiency of cassava production in...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effect of soil conservation investment on the efficiency of cassava production in Oyo State, Nigeria. 80 cassava farmers were surveyed. The most common soil conservation methods used were bush fallowing, manuring, mulching, crop rotation, and herbicides, though fertilizer was less used. Regression analysis found that larger farm size was negatively associated with soil conservation investment, while greater farming experience had a positive influence. The study concluded that providing credit facilities could help cassava farmers adopt more modern soil conservation technologies to boost production and meet food demands.
Land use intensity and efficiency of food crops production in osun state of n...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between land use intensity and food crop production efficiency in Osun State, Nigeria. It provides background on agricultural development in Nigeria and issues like declining productivity, food insecurity, and poverty. The study used survey data from 90 farmers in Ede North Local Government Area. Key findings included that most farmers were middle-aged, had primary education, large family sizes, and inherited their land. Analysis showed that farm size had a significant impact on production, while crop diversification, labor use, age, and land use intensity influenced production inefficiency. Major land management methods included mulching, crop rotation, and fertilizer use.
Policy on Protection and Management of Peatland Ecosystem in IndonesiaGlobalEnvironmentCentre
The document outlines Indonesia's policy on protecting and managing peatland ecosystems. It notes that Indonesia has the largest area of peatlands in the tropics, covering around 15 million hectares. Peatlands provide important functions like carbon storage, water storage, biodiversity, and livelihoods. However, past unsustainable development has degraded many peatland areas. The policy aims to promote sustainable management of peatlands based on hydrological units and the functions and carrying capacity of different peatland types. It identifies various challenges and outlines strategies to strengthen laws, institutions, alternative land uses, and community participation in peatland protection and rehabilitation efforts.
An analysis on the growth and financial feasibility of shorea ovalis and shor...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study analyzing the growth and financial feasibility of Shorea ovalis and Shorea balangeran plantation forests in East Kalimantan, Indonesia that were restored using Indonesian silvicultural systems. The study collected data over 10 years from plots with different planting distances and used models to simulate and predict growth over 50 years. Key findings included:
1) S. ovalis was harvested at age 35 and every 15 years after, yielding 97.3 cubic meters initially, though maximum growth occurred at age 45.
2) S. balangeran was harvested at age 40 and every 20 years after, yielding 112.95 cubic meters initially, though maximum growth was at age 50.
3
An economic analysis of organic apple cultivation in the Foothills of Saramat...AI Publications
A study was carried out to assess the production and marketing condition of apple (Malus domestica L.) in the Thanamir village of Nagaland. With diverse agro-climatic condition, varied soil and low temperature with wide regional variation, this region is highly suitable for cultivation of apple. This article focuses on the importance of apple fruit, its utilization and the economic profitability from apple crop based farming system. Research survey of farmers producing apple was conducted in 2022. Total of one hundred thirty (132) apple producers were selected using random sampling methods. The result shows BCR was estimated to be 1.95, which was found greater than unity. This showed that the apple farming is quite profitable in Thanamir. The finding shows that Cobb-Douglas production function exhibits increasing return to scale. The study concluded that apple cultivation can be made viable enterprise with increased focus on investment climate by subsidising farm input, providing affordable loans to the farmers for a sustainable production and strengthening rural infrastructure. The study pointed out that the apple cultivation could be a highly beneficial and market-oriented activity in Thanamir.
This document summarizes a study on the technical efficiency of rice production among local farmers in Merauke Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It finds that the rice production of local farmers is not technically efficient, with 99% of inefficiency due to human/managerial factors. Technical inefficiency decreases with larger family size, and local farmers who own land are more efficient than those who do not. The Marind tribe is also found to be more efficient than other local tribes. The level of technical efficiency among farmers ranges from 34-99%.
The document discusses sustainable forest management practices in the Kampar Ring region of Indonesia. It outlines plans for a plantation ring consisting of production forests, conservation areas, and livelihood zones. It also discusses community programs, certification initiatives, efforts to prevent illegal logging and fires, and research projects aimed at understanding peatland hydrology and carbon dynamics to minimize emissions. Sustainable management of peatlands is presented as key to protecting biodiversity, providing ecosystem services, and supporting local communities and economies in the long run.
Upland forest restoration and livelihoods in AsiaCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by CIFOR scientist Louis Putzel at the APFNet Workshop on Degraded Forest Rehabilitation and Sustainable Forest Management in Kunming on 10 July 2014.
The presentation gives an overview of the findings of a comparative study on sloping land restoration in three different countries in Asia
Policy and Implementation of Mangrove Strategic Management PlanCIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes Indonesia's policy and plans for mangrove strategic management. It discusses blue carbon storage in mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses. Indonesia has the second largest mangrove area in the world at 3.49 million hectares, but 1.82 million hectares are degraded. The government aims to rehabilitate 60,000 hectares per year until 2045 to recover 1.82 million hectares. Key policies and frameworks guiding mangrove management include a 2012 national strategy and a 2017 policy on indicators. The document outlines achievements and targets rehabilitation mapping, working groups, and strategies like silvofishery to promote sustainable management.
Despite the sago palm’s significant contribution to village economies since early times, it has never been cultivated in a systematic manner by local farmers in Luwu Utara Regency, Indonesia. This study examines farmers’ willingness to plant sago palm and the determinant factors influencing farmers’ adoption behavior. A descriptive analysis and binary logit model were used for this paper. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents agree that replanting is generally important and they believe it to be of concern for every local farmer. The results further indicate that knowledge of an integrated cultivation system of sago, access to information and training, internal motivation, work experience, and the size of the sago area are the determinant factors influencing farmers to plant sago palm. The findings in this study could explain farmers’ adoption of a better cultivation system plays an important role in the future of sustainable sago palm production.
Determinants of Small-Scale Irrigation Use: The Case of Jeldu District, West ...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of small-scale irrigation use in Jeldu District, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The study used a survey of 118 rural households and logistic regression analysis. It found that age of household, education level, family size, land size, oxen ownership, livestock ownership, and farm income were significant determinants of small-scale irrigation use. The study concluded small-scale irrigation can help ensure household food security in the area but requires proper management systems. It suggested intensifying agricultural production and encouraging productivity on limited land.
Assessment of passion fruit orchard management and farmersAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed passion fruit orchard management and farmer technical efficiency in central-eastern and north-rift highlands of Kenya. The study found:
1) Technical efficiency varied across counties, with Meru having the highest mean at 65% followed by Uasin Gishu at 57% and Embu the lowest at 47%.
2) Orchard management practices like training vines, pruning, weeding and watering also varied significantly across counties and influenced technical efficiency.
3) Improving management practices could help farmers increase technical efficiency and reduce input costs by 35-53%, improving profits. The study recommends increased farmer training to boost awareness of good management.
Environmental accounting as a means of promoting sustainableAlexander Decker
This document discusses environmental accounting as a means to promote sustainable forestry operations in Osun State, Nigeria. It begins by providing background on sustainable development, environmental accounting, and forestry operations. It notes that while forestry provides economic benefits, uncontrolled extraction could lead to depletion. The study examines trends in timber extraction versus tree planting in Osun State. Results show tree planting is declining as tree felling increases, impacting earnings and intergenerational equity. The document concludes current practices are not sustainable and remediation costs have not been adequate to support livelihoods and sustainability. It analyzes secondary data from 2001-2010 to test the hypothesis that environmental accountability will positively influence sustaining forestry resources and outputs.
Merauke as a food barn has been carried out since the days of the Dutch
administration, namely by making Merauke an Asia Pacific food warehouse. To
realize this target, the Dutch government conducted a program to move the
population known as colonization, namely by bringing residents from Java to be
moved to Merauke. After the independence period the Indonesian colonization
program was still held by the name of transmigration. These transmigrant farmers
then live side by side with local residents and transmit the ability to cultivate rice to
local residents in Merauke Regency who previously lived from gathering, shifting
fields, sago farming, fishing, hunting and farming with the method of lagging, finally
getting interested in learning to grow crops rice. The purpose of this study is to
analyze (1) the factors that influence rice farming production on transmigrant
Integrated process for sustainable agro process waste treatment and climate c...ILRI
Presented by Karoli Njau (Principal Investigator, Project 05 University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania) at the Launching of Bio-Innovate Programme, ILRI, Nairobi, 16 March 2011.
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Chinwe IFEJIKA SPERANZA. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - (June 5) NET Africa (www.netafrica.be)NET Africa
The document is the first issue of a weekly wetland sustainability report published by NET Africa. It includes articles on connecting education and citizen science to wetland monitoring, challenges facing the Sio-Setiko wetland in Kenya and Uganda, and the introduction of two youth ambassadors, Jacinta Ruguru of Kenya and Henry Gandhi of East Africa, who will contribute reports on achieving sustainable development goals related to wetlands.
This document summarizes a study on using water resources in West Bengal, India for sustainable freshwater fish farming (pisciculture) to generate income. It discusses how pisciculture can utilize unused water bodies while maintaining ecological balance. The study focuses on the districts of Burdwan and Birbhum, examining their water resources, existing fish production, and potential for increased production and income through pisciculture. The objective is to develop a plan for sustainable water management and poverty reduction through fish farming.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
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The strategy of upland tropical agriculture development
1. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy
www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
The Strategy of Upland Tropical Agriculture Development
Towards Sustainable Environmental Management: Case Study at
Ngebel, Ponorogo District, East Java, Indonesia
Suhartini
International Research Centre for The Management of Degraded and Mining Lands (IRC MEDMIND), Faculty
of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Indonesia.
*Email address of corresponding author: hartiniub@yahoo.com ; suhartini.fp@ub.ac.id
Abstract
Ngebel Sub District is located at the upland of Wilis Mountain which is a conservation area at Ponorogo
Regency East Java, Indonesia, Ngebel Sub District has large springs accumulated at the Ngebel Lake. The water
is used for Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) and agricultural irrigation water source for surrounding areas that
have a lower location. Beautiful panoramic of Ngebel Lake make it as a tourism destination. Most of people at
Ngebel Village as farmers with dry land tenure with many varieties of annual crops and animal husbandry.
The objectives of the study were to: (1) analyze the feasibility of annual crops farming; (2) develop the strategy
of upland tropical agriculture development at Ngebel Village towards sustainable environmental management.
Survey method with purposive sampling method was used in this study. Primary and secondary data from many
agencies were used. Primary data collecting was done by interviewing 30 farmers.
The results of the feasibility analysis showed that durian, mangosteen and various other tropical plants in the
mixed farming system were feasible. SWOT analysis result indicates that the suitable strategy to apply is a
strengths - opportunity (SO) strategy. This strategy is intended to maximize the strengths and use the
opportunities that exist. The alternative of SO strategies are including: develop the agriculture and tourism
potential at Ngebel Sub District by agro tourism; develop local commodities and give opportunity for farmers to
cultivate the “Perhutani” land and support the financial aspect from the Indonesia Government Bank; develop the
economic instruments for environmental management as an implementation of The Law number 32/2009 bay tax
and subsidy mechanism; and designing The Payments for Environmental Services (PES) with charging cost for
downstream population and for Hydroelectric Power Plant who receives the benefits for environmental services
and give incentives for farmers who preserve the environment.
Keywords: Ngebel, Ponorogo, upland tropical agriculture, sustainable environmental management, payments
for environmental services
1. Introduction
Ngebel Sub District is located on the slopes of the Wilis Mountain in Ponorogo District, East Java Province,
Indonesia. Most of this region is the agricultural land plantations, forestry and agroforestry also. This
upland agriculture and forestry area produces many environmental services such as oxygen production,
carbon sink, erosion prevention, water storage, micro climate control, maintaining biodiversity, food
production, fresh air, natural beauty and amenity. There are large springs which are accumulated at the Ngebel
Lake which is used for Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) and agricultural irrigation water source for
surrounding areas that have a lower location. Beautiful panoramic of Ngebel Lake make it as a tourism
destination. Many environmental services, water and Hydroelectric Power Plant give benefit for society.
Most of people in Ngebel Sub District are farmers with dry land tenure (dry fields or gardens fields) with
varieties of annual crops such as durian, mangosteen, coconut, jackfruit, cloves, avocado, pepper, banana and so
on. These farmers have well adapted to their environment. The problems that were faced by farmers are limited
land tenure, limited capital, low education, low income and the scarcity of water irrigation for their dryland
farming. Though there are large springs which accumulated at Ngebel Lake but there is not water irrigation for
agricultural land which located above the lake. There are springs at the mountain but there is no irrigation
infrastructure for agricultural land. The water irrigation for the agricultural land just comes from the rain in rainy
season. This situation makes the limitation for farmers to increase their agricultural productivity and their
495
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2. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy
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ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
income. Most of farmers at Ngebel have animal husbandry those are goat and chicken. The farmers have been
using the wastes from animal husbandry for fertilizer through composting process. The animal husbandry was
integrated with farming system they have.
As reported by Tanner et al (1993) that ruminant livestocks are an integral part of smallholder farming system in
Indonesia. Manure-compost is ranked by farmers as one of the most important outputs from livestock production.
In the upland regions of Java 90% of the fertilizer used on smallholdings is manure-compost. It is hypothesised
that livestock are used to produce high-quality of compost and that their integration into Javanese Agriculture is
essential to the sustainability of some of the most intensive cropping cycles in the world (Tanner et al, 1993)
To conserve the ecosystem in Ngebel, the farmers are very important subject, so that their welfare must be
considered towards sustainable environmental management. Their activity in environmental conservation
through practicing conservation agriculture have been resulting the environment services which are enjoyed by
society, but until now there are not regulation about it. The Indonesian Government has The Law 32/2009 on
environmental management. There are 19 kind of economic instruments for environmental management,
including schemes that provide for payments for environmental services. This could revolutionize environment
management throughout the archipelago (Finlayson, 2013). As knowing that Indonesia is the biggest archipelago
in the world. Indonesia Government still preparing the government regulation for implementing The Law
32/2009. So that, now the implementation of economic instruments for environmental management is still
limited in the country included at Ngebel, Ponorogo District. The research about sustainable environmental
management is very important in Indonesia.
The objectives of the study are to: (1) analyze the feasibility of annual crops farming (2) design the strategy of
upland tropical agriculture development at Ngebel Village towards sustainable environmental management.
2. Method
Purposive sampling method was used in this research, The research location was in Ngebel Ponorogo Regency
East Java Province Indonesia, Survey method was used in this research, In this study both primary and secondary
data were used, The primary data collecting have done by interview to 30 farmers at that location, The main
source of secondary data was from many agencies are Central Bureau of Statistic; Agricultural Agency of
Ponorogo Regency; Sub District Office (Kecamatan); Villages Office (Desa),
Several research methods were applied in order to answer all of the two research objectives above namely
qualitative and quantitative methods, Qualitative method was accomplished by using techniques of in-depth
interview and focus-group discussion while quantitative method was conducted by developing formal
questionnaire.
3. Results and Discussion
Mostly the farmers at Ngebel cultivate the annual crops in dry land (dry fields and also on forestry land) with a
mixed farming garden. The annual crops such as durian, mangosteen, cacao, banana, avocado, jackfruit, pepper,
coconut cloves, langsep and so on. Durian and mangosteen are the major crops which are cultivated by farmers.
The feasibility analysis for durian, mangosteen and other commodities can be seen in Table 1. The interest rate
which is used to calculate the present value of the benefit and cost analysis is 19.26%. That is the interest rate of
government bank (BRI - Bank Rakyat Indonesia) loans to micro and small enterprises, including agriculture at
the time the study was conducted.
The Net Present Value (NPV) for durian, magoesteen and all other crops in mixed farming garden is positive
(greater than 0), it is mean that the durian, mangoesteen and all other cops at the Ngebel Village are feasible to
develop because it is profitable. The Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C) is the ratio between revenues and costs of
the farming. The analysis showed that the Net B/C value of the durian, mangoesteen and all other crops is more
than 1. The durian has the biggest Net B/C value, it is means that the durian is the most profitable commodity at
Ngebel Village.
496
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3. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy
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Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
Table 1. The Feasibility Analysis of Commodities at Ngebel Village 2013
No.
Investment Criteria
Durian
Mangoesteen
All other crops
IDR 5,564,305.45
IDR 24,805.13
Rp 274.838,40
1
NPV (Net Present Value)
2
Net B/C (Net Benefit Cost Ratio)
4.15
1.03
1,08
3
IRR
56%
20.02%
22%
Source : The Primary Data Analysis 2013
Internal Rate of return (IRR) is the rate of return of a net investment in farming which showed that revenues and
costs are calculated on a present value equal to zero, IRR can also be used to compare the percentage of profits if
the investment costs is deposited in the bank. An attempt is successful if it has a value of IRR greater than
implied interest rate which is 19.26%. The IRR value of durian with the interest rate of 19.26% is 56%. IRR
value is greater than the interest rate implied, so the investment in a durian farm will provide greater benefits to
56% more than the bank interest rate.
The Strategy of Upland Tropical Agriculture Development Towards Sustainable Environmental
Management
To design the strategy of upland tropical agriculture development towards sustainable environmental
management using SWOT analysis. The Internal Strategic Factors (ISF) External Strategic Factors (EFE) shows
at Table 1 and Table 2. The alternative strategy can be seen at table 3.
Table 1.
Internal Strategic Factors (ISF) for The Upland Agricultural Development towards Sustainable
Environmental Management at Ngebel Ponorogo Regency
Score
No,
Internal Factors
Weight
Rating
(weight x rating)
Strengths :
Ngebel Sub District is located in the upland slopes
of Wilis Mountain which has great springs which
1
accumulated at Ngebel Lake with the beautiful
0.2
4
0.8
natural panoramic make it as a tourism destination
Ngebel Sub District has many tropical biodiversity
with mixed garden system with local durian and
2
mangosteen as major commodity and there are
0.15
4
0.6
animal husbandry own by farmers.
Ngebel Sub District has a great potential for
3
development of agriculture and tourism.
0.1
3
0.3
Indigenous farmers have adapted well to the
environment and they are aware and willing to
4
conserve the environment and most of them have
0.15
4
0.6
join in farmer groups.
Subtotal
0.6
2.3
Score
No.
Internal Factors
Weight
Rating
(weight x rating)
Weaknesses :
Limitation of land ownership (dry land), capital
1
and farmers' access to financial institutions
0.1
2
0.2
Low farmers’ education and income, and they
generally cultivate annual crops that were
2
0.1
2
0.2
harvested only once a year
Irrigation for agriculture are not available yet
3
0.1
2
0.2
There is no local government regulations that
provide incentive to farmers who conserve the
4
0.1
2
0.2
environment.
Subtotal
0.4
0.8
S–W
1.5
Source : The Primary Data Analysis, 2013
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Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
Table 7.2. The External Strategic Factors (EFE) for Upland Agricultural Development Towards Sustainable
Environmental Management in Ngebel Ponorogo Regency
No,
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
External Factors
Weight
Opportunity
Indonesia has The Law number 32/2009 of
environmental protection and management
“Perhutani” land (government land) are
available and could be cultivated by farmers
There are The Indonesia Government banks
(BRI) at the sub district level
There are Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP)
and water irrigation for the lower location
which use water from Ngebel Lake
Subtotal
Threat
Free Trade existence make the huge amount of
imported agricultural products
The free trade system makes money as the
only primary goal for the capitalists and
sometimes free trade exist but is not fair trade
Indonesia Government policy is too liberal and
less protection for the farmers.
Increasing in demand for water and energy.
Subtotal
Rating
Score (weight x rating)
0.2
4
0.8
0.15
4
0.6
0.05
3
0.15
0.2
0.6
4
0.8
2.35
0.1
1
0.1
0.1
1
0.1
0.1
1
0.1
0.1
1
0.1
0.4
0.4
(O – T)
Source : Primary Data (Processed) 2013
1.95
Opportunity
II. Conservative/
Turn around
I.Aggresive
2.35
(1.5 ; 1.95)
Strengths
Weaknesse
s
0.8
0.4
III.Devensive
2.3
IV.Competitive/
Diversification
Threats
Figure 1. The Grand Strategy Matrix
The amount of each factors score both external and internal environment determines the position of strategy for
upland agricultural development towards sustainable environmental management in Ngebel Ponorogo Regency
those are at the S-O position with aggressive strategy which mapped on a matrix of grand strategy as shown in
Figure 1. That stratetgy is to maximize the strengths and use the opportunities that exist. The S-O strategy and all
alternative strategy can be seen at table 3.
498
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5. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy
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Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
Table 3. The Alternative Strategy for Upland Agricultural Development Towards Sustainable Environmental
Management in Ngebel Village Ponorogo Regency
Internal Factors
External Factors
1.
2.
3.
4.
Opportunities
Indonesia has The Law number
32/2009
of
environmental
protection and management
“Perhutani” land (government
land) are available and could be
cultivated by farmers
There are The
Indonesia
Government banks (BRI) at the
sub district level
There are Hydroelectric Power
Plant
(HEPP)
and
water
irrigation for the lower location
which use water from Ngebel
Lake
Threats (T)
1.
Free Trade existence
make the huge amount of
imported agricultural products
2.
The
free
trade
system makes money as the
only primary goal for the
capitalists and sometimes free
trade exist but is not fair trade
3.
Indonesia
Government policy is too
liberal and less protection for
the farmers.
4.
Increasing
in
demand for water and energy.
Strengths (S)
1. Ngebel Sub District is located in the
upland slopes of Wilis Mountain which
has great springs which accumulated at
Ngebel Lake with the beautiful natural
panoramic make it as a tourism
destination
2. Ngebel Sub District has many tropical
biodiversity with mixed garden system
with local durian and mangosteen as
major commodity and there are animal
husbandry own by farmers.
3. Ngebel Sub District has a great potential
for development of agriculture and
tourism
4. Indigenous farmers have adapted well to
the environment and they are aware and
willing to conserve the environment and
most of them have join in farmer groups.
SO Strategy
1. Develop the agriculture and tourism
potential at Ngebel Sub District by agro
tourism.
2. Develop local commodities such as durian,
mangoesteen and others, and give
opportunity for farmers to cultivate the
Perhutani land and support the financial
aspect from the Indonesia Government
Bank.
3. Develop the economic instruments for
environmental
management
as
an
implementation of The Law number
32/2009 bay tax and subsidy mechanism.
The subsidy (insentive) can give for
farmers such as for build the agriculture
irrigation infrastructure and others.
4. Designing
The
Payments
for
Environmental
Services (PES)
with
charging cost for downstream population
and for Hydroelectric Power Plant who
receives the benefits for environmental
services and give incentives for farmers
who preserve the environment.
ST Strategy
1. Develop local commodities such as durian,
mangoesteen and others, and also the
marketing strategy.
2. Designing
The
Payments
for
Environmental Services (PES) system as
insentive for farmers which have been
doing environment conservation and for
sustaining environmental management.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
Weaknessess (W)
Limitation of land ownership (dry land),
capital and farmers' access to financial
institutions
Low farmers’ education and income, and they
generally cultivate annual crops that were
harvested only once a year
Irrigation for agriculture are not available yet
There is no local government regulations that
provide incentive to farmers who conserve
the environment.
WO Strategy
Give opportunity for farmers to cultivate the
“Perhutani” land to overcome the problem of
small size land holding farmers.
Facilate the farmers to access the
Government bank for financing and give low
interest rate to overcome the problem of
limitation of capital and farmers' access to
financial institutions.
Build the agriculture irrigation infrastructure
so that farmers can cultivate the land more
intensively with mixed farming system and
improving their animal husbandry.
Designing the local government regulation
for environmental management.
WT Strategy
Designing strategies to improve the farmers
income such as develop the agriculture and
tourism potential at Ngebel Sub District by
agro
tourism,
build
the
irrigation
infrastructure, give opportunity for farmers to
cultivate the Perhutani land.
Designing The Payments for Environmental
Services (PES) system as insentive for
farmers which have been doing environment
conservation
and
for
sustaining
environmental management.
499
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Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
3.
Conclusion
Ngebel Sub District at Ponorogo Regency is a conservation area have many strengths those are there are great
springs which accumulated at Ngebel Lake with the beautiful natural panoramic make it as a tourism destination with
many tropical biodiversity with mixed garden system and animal husbandry own by farmers. Indigenous farmers
have adapted well to the environment and they are aware and willing to conserve the environment. SWOT analysis
result indicates that the suitable strategy to apply is a strengths - opportunity (SO) strategy. The alternative of SO
strategies are including: develop the agriculture and tourism potential at Ngebel Sub District by agro tourism;
develop local commodities and give opportunity for farmers to cultivate the “Perhutani” land and support the
financial aspect from the Indonesia Government Bank; develop the economic instruments for environmental
management as an implementation of The Law number 32/2009 bay tax and subsidy mechanism; and designing
The Payments for Environmental Services (PES) with charging cost for downstream population and for
Hydroelectric Power Plant who receives the benefits for environmental services and give incentives for farmers
who preserve the environment.
Acknowledgements
The Regional Development Planning Board (BAPPEDA) of Ponorogo District and Faculty of Agriculture
University of Brawijaya are gratefully acknowledged for facilitating this research. An outcome of the research
has been the establishment of the International Research Centre for the Management of Degraded and Mining
Lands, and the support of the Rector of Brawijaya University. Thanks to Agriculture Agency of Ponorogo
District for the data and information support. Thanks also to the people at Ngebel including the respondents, and
all of the survey team.
References
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Decade of Development. ICRAF-International Council for Research in Agroforestry. Nairobi.
Finlayson, R. 2012. Indonesia prepares to expand schemes that pay for environmental services.
http://blog.worldagroforestry.org.
Tanner J.C., S.J. Holden, M. Winugroho, E. Owen and M. Gill (1993), Feeding Livestock and Compost
Production: A Strategy for Sustainable Upland Agriculture in Java, Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient
Cycling in Mixed Farming Systems of Sub-Saharan Africa Volume II: Technical Papers. International
Livestock Centre for Africa.
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collaborating with academic institutions around the world. There’s no deadline for
submission. Prospective authors of IISTE journals can find the submission
instruction on the following page: http://www.iiste.org/journals/
The IISTE
editorial team promises to the review and publish all the qualified submissions in a
fast manner. All the journals articles are available online to the readers all over the
world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from
gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the journals is also available
upon request of readers and authors.
MORE RESOURCES
Book publication information: http://www.iiste.org/book/
Recent conferences: http://www.iiste.org/conference/
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar