2. 2
Contents
• Degraded Lands
• Cause of Degraded lands
• Types of Degraded lands
• Desert ecosystem
• Role of constitution
• Policies
•Modified Strategies and Suggestions
• Conclusion
• Reference
3. Degraded Lands
• According to Bhumbla &Khare (1984)
a) which are eco logically unstable
b) Whose top soil has been nearly completely
lost
c) which have developed toxicity in root zones
for growth of most plants, both annual crop
and trees.
• Source : http://megsoil.gov.in/newsletter-vol4/news7.htm
3
4. 4
over utilization of forest resources,
overgrazing,
shifting cultivation,
side effects of development projects and
unscientific land management practices.
Formation of degraded lands is mainly due
to human activities like
5. 5
Type of wastelands
Culturable wastelands-land capable of
or has the potential for agricultural or can be
afforested....
E.g. Surface waterlogged and marshy lands,
shifting cultivation areas, degraded forest
lands & pastures, mining lands etc.
Unculturable wastelands-barren land
and cannot be put to any productive use,
either for agricultural or for afforestation...
E.g. barren rocky areas, snow covered or
glacial areas
6. Deserts: definition
• A region which has an
arid climate or where
evaporation exceeds
precipitation
• Steppe: region often
adjacent to a desert
• Semiarid climate:
irregular precipitation,
enough to generate
minimal plant growth
6
8. National Remote Sensing Centre
• According to NRSC ,
• Haryana
• The total geographic area of Haryana is 44212.00 sq. km, out of
which 2347.05 sq. km is under wastelands which accounts for 5.31
% of its geographical area . Degraded pasture/grazing land is the
major wasteland category that cover an area of 914.58 sq. km.
• There has been shrinkage to the tune of 919.40 sq. km as
compared to 2003 in wastelands . The district with the highest
percentage of wastelands is Mewat with 15.81 % of its area and
Kurukshetra with 1.41 % of its total geographic area, the least.
• Source: http://www.dolr.nic.in/wasteland2010/wateland%20Introduction-
%20forword%20.pdf
8
9. Role of Constitution
• The Indian Constitution
• Entry No. 18 of the Seventh Schedule (the State
List)
• Land including assessment and collection of
revenue,
i. maintenance of land records,
ii. land management etc.
fall under the State Governments.
9
10. Contd..
• Article 243ZD(1) of the Constitution,
• “There shall be constituted in every State at the
district level a District Planning Committee to
consolidate the plans prepared by the
Panchayats and
the Municipalities in the district and
to prepare a draft development plan for the
district as a whole”.
10
11. National Environment Policy
• Ministry of Environment and Forest
(MOEF)
• Approved by Union cabinet on 18th
may,
2006
• Including 7 objectives and 14 Principles
11
12. National Environment Policy
Regarding Degraded land
a) Encourage adoption of
• science-based
• Traditional sustainable land use practices, through
research and development
• Extension of knowledge, including
farmer's training, and where necessary, access to
institutional finance.
12
13. Contd..
b)Promote reclamation of wasteland and
degraded forestland, through formulation
and adoption of multi-stakeholder
partnerships, involving the land owning
agency, local communities, and investors.
c) Prepare and implement thematic action
plans incorporating watershed
management strategies, for arresting and
reversing desertification, and expanding
green cover.
13
14. National Environment Policy
Regarding Desert Ecosystem
a)Intensive water and moisture
conservation through practices based on
traditional and science based knowledge,
and relying on traditional infrastructure.
b)Enhancing and expanding green cover
based on local species.
14
15. Contd..
c) Reviewing the agronomic practices in
these areas, and promoting agricultural
practices and varieties, which are well
adapted to the desert ecosystem.
15
16. Contd..
d) Promote sustainable alternatives to shifting cultivation
where it is no longer ecologically viable .
e) Encourage agro-forestry, organic farming,
environmentally sustainable cropping patterns, and
adoption of efficient irrigation techniques.
16
17. State Land Use Board
• 1983, a two tier body
National Land Board
National Land Resources
Conservation and Development
Commission National Land Use and
Wastelands Development council
17
(NLRCDC)
(NLB)
(NLWC)
18. Policies
• United Nations Environment Programme
• The National wasteland Development Board
(NWDB)
• Integrated wasteland development Project
(IWDP)
• National Land Use & Conservation Board
19. United Nations Environment Programme
• established in 1972
• Integrated Approach to the Planning and
Management of Land Resources
• Objective: Provide the greatest sustainable benefits and to
promote the transition to a sustainable and integrated management
of land resources.
To review and develop policies to support the best possible use of land and the
sustainable management of land resources.
To improve and strengthen planning, management and evaluation systems for land
and land resources.
To create mechanisms to facilitate the active involvement and participation of all
concerned, particularly communities and people at the local level.
19
20. 20
Some of the objectives of the NWDB
are:
1. To improve the physical structure and quality of
marginal lands.
2. To improve the availability of good quality of
water for facilitating irrigation of these lands.
3. To prevent soil erosion, flood and landslides.
4. To conserve biological resources of land for
sustainable use.
5. To fulfill the growing need of the land for rapidly
increasing population of the country.
21. 21
IWDP
Integrated Wastelands Development Project (IWDP)
In situ soil and moisture conservation measures like terracing, trenching, vegetative
barriers and drainage line treatment.
Planting and sowing of multi-purpose trees, shrubs, grasses, legumes and pasture
land development.
Development of small water Harvesting Structures
Promotion of agro-forestry & horticulture.
Awareness raising, training & extension.
Encouraging people's participation through community organization and capacity
building
Afforestation of degraded forest and non forest wasteland.
22. IWDP
• Funding Pattern: The cost is shared on the basis of 11:1
by the Central and State Governments.
• General : The Projects sanctioned both under Desert
Development Programme and Integrated Wasteland
Development Programme are governed by the common
guidelines being issued by the Ministry of Rural
Development, Govt. of India for Watersheds.
22
23. IWDP Scheme
• In effect since 1989-90 along with NWDB
• Only non forest wastelands are taken up.
• Its objective are based on village/ micro
watershed plans.
• Activities- In situ soil/ moisture conservation,
plantation, agro- forestry & horticulture, training,
extension, awareness, capacity building, engineering
structures etc.
• Success story- Sivganga district of Tamilnadu.
Source: http://sivaganga.nic.in/wland_dev.htm
25. National Land Use & Conservation Board
• Central Sector Scheme
• Concerning the health and scientific
management of land resources of the country
• Agriculture Minister is Chairman
• Objectives of the Scheme are to serve as a
policy planning, coordinating and monitoring
agency
Source: http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/nlcb.pdf 25
26. Role …
• Formulate a National Policy and Perspective Plan for
Conservation
Management & Development of land resources of the
country.
• Make an overall review of the progress of
implementation of ongoing schemes.
• Consider measures for ensuring that good agricultural
land is not indiscriminately diverted to non-agricultural
purposes.
• Coordinate the work of State Land Use Boards.
• Sponsor studies to organize regional and national
deliberations/seminars/workshops.
26
27. Achievements
• Work completed under different watershed management
programmers' .
• Celebrated National Land Resources Conservation Week, 2002
from 14th
to 20th
November, 2002 for generating awareness for
conservation and scientific management of land resources in all
States.
• Holding of National Conference on Land Care Movement for Food,
Water and Livelihood Security held on 21st
to 23rd
January, 2003 at
Chennai (Tamil nadu) by Soil Conservation Society of India.
27
28. Participation is Necessary
In the area of land utilisation, there is no single
approach currently being followed across the
country.
• Various sectors at central level such as
i. urban,
ii. rural,
iii. industrial,
iv.transport,
v. mining,
vi.agriculture etc.
follow their own approaches.
28
30. 30
How to make use of unculturable wastelands ??
• The wastelands of these type can be used
for non-agricultuaral purpose such as-
For Water harvesting practices
For constructing Industrial areas
For Residential purposes
For making Roads,Rail tracks,Canals
etc...
