The Spleen
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The spleen is an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen below the diaphragm and behind the stomach. It is part of the lymphatic system and produces lymphocytes that aid the immune system. The spleen removes old and damaged red blood cells, acts as a blood reservoir, and preserves iron during filtration. Diseases of the spleen include enlargement from infections, anemia, or cancer. Humans can live without a spleen if it is removed.
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Spleen
The spleen acts as a filter for blood, removes old red blood cells and produces and stores white blood cells. It is located in the upper left part of the abdomen, protected by the rib cage. Though not vital for survival, the spleen is important for fighting infection as it helps remove damaged blood cells and produces immune cells.
Renal anatomy
The kidney is bean shaped, weighing 135g in females and 150g in males. It is located in the posterior abdominal cavity, with its hilum located 5cm from the median plane, near the level of the transpyloric plane. The kidney has an extensive blood supply from the renal artery and vein, draining into the inferior vena cava. It is innervated by the renal plexus and develops from the metanephros.
Liver
The liver is the largest gland in the body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen under the diaphragm and within the rib cage. It has four lobes - two major lobes and two minor lobes - and ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and join the pancreatic duct. The liver is made up of lobules containing hepatocytes that radiate outward from a central vein and produce and secrete bile. Blood flows to the liver through the hepatic portal vein and supplies the liver with nutrients and oxygen. The liver performs many important metabolic functions like synthesizing and breaking down substances, and excreting waste from the bloodstream into bile.
Anatomy of liver
The liver is divided into two anatomical lobes - the left and right lobes. The right lobe is further divided into the caudate lobe and quadrate lobe. The falciform ligament separates the right and left lobes anteriorly. Posteriorly, the liver is separated by the fissure for ligamentum venosum. The inferior part is separated by the fissure for ligamentum teres. The porta hepatis is the fissure on the inferior surface of the right lobe through which the portal triad enters the liver.
anatomy of liver
The liver is the largest gland in the human body, weighing approximately 1500 grams. It performs many important functions like absorbing nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract, storing glycogen, and secreting bile. The liver has two lobes - the right lobe, which is the largest, and the left lobe. It is situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and has two surfaces - the diaphragmatic surface and the visceral surface. The liver receives blood from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery and is supported by various ligaments.
Abdomen & pelvis part I
This document provides an overview of the abdomen and pelvis. It begins by defining the abdomen and describing its anterior and posterior walls. It then discusses the contents of the abdomen, including the digestive system (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine), hepato-biliary apparatus (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts), and peritoneum. For each organ, it provides details on location, structure, arterial supply, venous drainage and lymph drainage. The small intestine is subdivided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum with specifics for each section.
Anatomy of the liver and gallbladder
The liver is the largest gland in the body located under the right rib cage. It is divided into four lobes and has two surfaces - a diaphragmatic surface and a visceral surface. The porta hepatis contains the hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic ducts. Blood flows into the liver through the hepatic artery and portal vein and exits through the hepatic veins. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. The biliary system consists of the hepatic ducts, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, gallbladder and common bile duct which empties into the duodenum.
anatomy of spleen
The spleen is a hematopoietic organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It filters blood and fights infections. The spleen develops from mesenchymal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium and has dimensions of approximately 12x7x3 cm and a weight of 150 grams in adults. It receives a blood supply from the splenic artery and drains into the portal vein system. The spleen can be surgically removed (splenectomy) in cases of trauma or certain blood disorders.
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Spleen
The spleen acts as a filter for blood, removes old red blood cells and produces and stores white blood cells. It is located in the upper left part of the abdomen, protected by the rib cage. Though not vital for survival, the spleen is important for fighting infection as it helps remove damaged blood cells and produces immune cells.
Renal anatomy
The kidney is bean shaped, weighing 135g in females and 150g in males. It is located in the posterior abdominal cavity, with its hilum located 5cm from the median plane, near the level of the transpyloric plane. The kidney has an extensive blood supply from the renal artery and vein, draining into the inferior vena cava. It is innervated by the renal plexus and develops from the metanephros.
Liver
The liver is the largest gland in the body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen under the diaphragm and within the rib cage. It has four lobes - two major lobes and two minor lobes - and ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and join the pancreatic duct. The liver is made up of lobules containing hepatocytes that radiate outward from a central vein and produce and secrete bile. Blood flows to the liver through the hepatic portal vein and supplies the liver with nutrients and oxygen. The liver performs many important metabolic functions like synthesizing and breaking down substances, and excreting waste from the bloodstream into bile.
Anatomy of liver
The liver is divided into two anatomical lobes - the left and right lobes. The right lobe is further divided into the caudate lobe and quadrate lobe. The falciform ligament separates the right and left lobes anteriorly. Posteriorly, the liver is separated by the fissure for ligamentum venosum. The inferior part is separated by the fissure for ligamentum teres. The porta hepatis is the fissure on the inferior surface of the right lobe through which the portal triad enters the liver.
anatomy of liver
The liver is the largest gland in the human body, weighing approximately 1500 grams. It performs many important functions like absorbing nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract, storing glycogen, and secreting bile. The liver has two lobes - the right lobe, which is the largest, and the left lobe. It is situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and has two surfaces - the diaphragmatic surface and the visceral surface. The liver receives blood from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery and is supported by various ligaments.
Abdomen & pelvis part I
This document provides an overview of the abdomen and pelvis. It begins by defining the abdomen and describing its anterior and posterior walls. It then discusses the contents of the abdomen, including the digestive system (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine), hepato-biliary apparatus (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts), and peritoneum. For each organ, it provides details on location, structure, arterial supply, venous drainage and lymph drainage. The small intestine is subdivided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum with specifics for each section.
Anatomy of the liver and gallbladder
The liver is the largest gland in the body located under the right rib cage. It is divided into four lobes and has two surfaces - a diaphragmatic surface and a visceral surface. The porta hepatis contains the hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic ducts. Blood flows into the liver through the hepatic artery and portal vein and exits through the hepatic veins. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. The biliary system consists of the hepatic ducts, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, gallbladder and common bile duct which empties into the duodenum.
anatomy of spleen
The spleen is a hematopoietic organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It filters blood and fights infections. The spleen develops from mesenchymal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium and has dimensions of approximately 12x7x3 cm and a weight of 150 grams in adults. It receives a blood supply from the splenic artery and drains into the portal vein system. The spleen can be surgically removed (splenectomy) in cases of trauma or certain blood disorders.
the urinary system
The Urinary System consists of paired kidneys, ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until excretion through the urethra. The main functions of the Urinary System are to filter the blood, regulate water and electrolyte balance, and dispose of nitrogenous wastes.
anatomy of Pancreas
The pancreas is an elongated gland that extends transversely across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The head is flattened and occupies the concavity of the duodenum. The neck joins the head to the body. The triangular body extends to the left, crossing the median plane opposite L1. The tail passes between the layers of the lienorenal ligament to relate to the spleen. The main pancreatic duct drains the tail and passes towards the head, uniting with the common bile duct in the duodenum.
Anatomy of kidney By M.Adil
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located retroperitoneally in the abdomen on either side of the spine. Each kidney is approximately 11cm long, 6cm wide, and 3cm thick. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Internally, each kidney contains an outer cortical layer and inner medullary pyramids separated by renal columns. Blood enters via the renal artery and drains via the renal vein, while urine exits through the ureter. The kidneys are surrounded by protective layers including the renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia. Coronavirus can directly damage the kidneys by binding to ACE2 receptors found in renal cells.
Anatomy of spleen
The spleen is a wedge-shaped, highly vascular organ located in the left hypochondrium. It filters blood and plays an important role in immunity. The spleen lies obliquely along the 10th rib at a 45 degree angle. It has two surfaces - a diaphragmatic surface and a concave, irregular visceral surface with impressions for adjacent organs. The splenic artery supplies the spleen and the splenic vein drains into the portal vein. The spleen filters blood, removes old red blood cells, and plays a role in immune responses through lymphocyte activation and plasma cell production.
Anatomy of spleen.pptx
The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ located in the left upper abdomen under the left side of the diaphragm. It has two surfaces - a diaphragmatic surface connected to the diaphragm and lungs, and a visceral surface connected to the stomach, pancreas, and left kidney. The spleen receives blood from the splenic artery and drains into the splenic vein, which joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. The spleen filters blood and fights infections.
Gross anatomy and histology of extrahepatic biliary apparatus
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Small intestine
The small intestine is responsible for most digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is divided into three parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum contains Brunner's glands which secrete mucus to protect the lining and help regulate pH. It connects to the bile ducts and pancreas. The jejunum and ileum further digest food and absorb nutrients through fingerlike villi before waste passes to the large intestine.
Histology of Gall bladder
Histology of Gall bladder and its formation which consist of mainly 3 layers which they are:
- Mucosa
- Muscularis / Fibromuscular layer
- Serosa / Adventitia
And you must note that there is no Muscularis mucosa
& Submucosa inside Gall bladder...
Prepared by Nahry Omer Muhammad, University of Sulaimany/Collage of Medicine
Urethra
The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It has some differences between males and females. The male urethra is longer (18-20 cm) and curved, serving the dual functions of urination and ejaculation. It has two parts - the posterior urethra near the bladder and anterior urethra in the penis. The female urethra is shorter (4 cm) and straight, serving only urination. It opens between the clitoris and vaginal opening. Catheterization is easier in females due to the straight course of the urethra.
SMALL INTESTINE AND LARGE INTESTINE
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Anatomy of stomach
The stomach is a J-shaped muscular sac located in the left upper quadrant and umbilical region of the abdomen. It is divided into four regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. The stomach has two openings: the gastroesophageal opening connects to the esophagus and the pyloric opening connects to the small intestine. Blood supply comes from the celiac artery and innervation is provided by the vagus and splanchnic nerves.
Liver pancreas
The document provides information about the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It discusses the morphology and functions of each organ. The liver has two lobes and is surrounded by Glisson's capsule. Its functions include bile production, glycogen storage, and detoxification. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile before releasing it in response to cholecystokinin. The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion, while the endocrine pancreas is made of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon.
The jejunum and ileum
The jejunum and ileum are the coiled parts of the small intestine located between the duodenum and colon. Together they are around 6 meters long. The jejunum is located in the middle of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum. The ileum is the final section of the small intestine leading to the large intestine. Both sections are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery and drained by the superior mesenteric vein. They absorb nutrients and pass contents to the large intestine.
Abdominal wall anatomy and its clinical importance
This document provides an anatomical overview of the anterior abdominal wall, including its layers, muscles, blood supply, innervation and clinical importance. It describes the boundaries and surface topography of the abdominal wall before detailing each layer, including the skin, superficial fascia, three flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), two vertical muscles (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis) and their attachments. It also discusses the rectus sheath, fascia transversalis, extraperitoneal fascia and peritoneum. The blood supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, dermatomes and innervation are summarized. Finally, it lists 10 examples of the clinical importance of the abdominal
Liver development (hepatogenesis)
The liver develops from the endodermal lining of the foregut, forming a hepatic diverticulum that grows into the mesenchymal septum transversum. Hepatic cords and biliary system primordia within the diverticulum differentiate into liver parenchyma and bile ducts between the septum transversum layers. During development, the diverticulum elongates to form the common bile duct while its outgrowth develops into the gallbladder and cystic duct. Fetal liver receives blood from the umbilical vein and does not perform normal metabolic functions until after birth when the umbilical vein and ductus venosus are obliterated.
Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system
This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, diagnostic studies, diseases, and surgical procedures related to the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system. Key points include:
- The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac located in the liver that stores and concentrates bile. Bile is produced by the liver and aids in fat digestion.
- Gallstones are a common problem, forming when bile becomes supersaturated, and can cause conditions like cholecystitis. Surgical interventions include cholecystectomy.
- Other issues discussed include bile duct injuries, tumors, and abnormalities like sclerosing cholangitis. A variety of imaging studies and endoscopic procedures are used for diagnosis and treatment.
The caecum
The caecum is a blind pouch located in the right lower abdomen that connects the ileum to the ascending colon. It stores semi-liquid digestive material and helps absorb fluids and electrolytes. The appendix attaches to its back surface. Blood supply comes from the ileocolic artery. Lymph drains to the ileocolic lymph nodes. Diseases that can affect the caecum include volvulus, intussusception, and diverticulitis.
Spleen anatomy and physiology
The spleen is located in the upper left abdomen between the stomach and diaphragm. It is roughly 9-14 cm long and filters old blood cells from the bloodstream. The spleen receives blood from the splenic artery and drains into the splenic vein which joins the portal vein. It contains red pulp which filters blood and white pulp containing lymphatic tissue. The spleen plays an important role in the immune system and filtering blood.
Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
The extrahepatic biliary apparatus consists of the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, and bile duct. The hepatic ducts emerge from the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct, which then joins with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the bile duct. The gallbladder is a reservoir for bile located in the liver that concentrates and stores bile before releasing it through the cystic duct into the bile duct for transport to the duodenum. The bile duct courses through the liver and pancreas, joining with the pancreatic duct before entering the duodenum.
Anatomy of small and large intestine
1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the jejunum, ileum, and large intestine.
2. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are described, including their location in the abdomen and structural characteristics.
3. The large intestine is then described, including sections like the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and their blood supply.
Functions of spleen and lymph nodes
This document discusses the reticuloendothelial system, which consists of phagocytic cells that protect the body from infection. It notes that macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils ingest microbes and foreign substances through phagocytosis. Macrophages are found in tissues throughout the body, including the liver, lungs, brain, lymph nodes, spleen, bone, skin, and kidneys, where they phagocytose pathogens and present antigens to activate the immune response. The document also summarizes the functions of the spleen and lymph nodes in filtering the blood and lymph, respectively, to remove microbes, aged cells, and other foreign substances.
Human Body Project
The document discusses several key organs in the human body, including the brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and spleen. It provides details on the structure and functions of each organ. The brain section describes the evolution of the brain from the brain stem and hypothalamus to the hippocampus and cortex. It also outlines the four main lobes of the brain and their functions. The lungs section notes that the left lung is smaller to make room for the heart and that lungs contain over 300 million air sacs. The heart pumps over 2.5 billion liters of blood in a lifetime. The kidneys filter the blood and regulate waste removal. The liver produces bile and is essential for survival. The spleen acts as a
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the urinary system
The Urinary System consists of paired kidneys, ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until excretion through the urethra. The main functions of the Urinary System are to filter the blood, regulate water and electrolyte balance, and dispose of nitrogenous wastes.
anatomy of Pancreas
The pancreas is an elongated gland that extends transversely across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum to the spleen. It has a head, neck, body, and tail. The head is flattened and occupies the concavity of the duodenum. The neck joins the head to the body. The triangular body extends to the left, crossing the median plane opposite L1. The tail passes between the layers of the lienorenal ligament to relate to the spleen. The main pancreatic duct drains the tail and passes towards the head, uniting with the common bile duct in the duodenum.
Anatomy of kidney By M.Adil
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located retroperitoneally in the abdomen on either side of the spine. Each kidney is approximately 11cm long, 6cm wide, and 3cm thick. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Internally, each kidney contains an outer cortical layer and inner medullary pyramids separated by renal columns. Blood enters via the renal artery and drains via the renal vein, while urine exits through the ureter. The kidneys are surrounded by protective layers including the renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia. Coronavirus can directly damage the kidneys by binding to ACE2 receptors found in renal cells.
Anatomy of spleen
The spleen is a wedge-shaped, highly vascular organ located in the left hypochondrium. It filters blood and plays an important role in immunity. The spleen lies obliquely along the 10th rib at a 45 degree angle. It has two surfaces - a diaphragmatic surface and a concave, irregular visceral surface with impressions for adjacent organs. The splenic artery supplies the spleen and the splenic vein drains into the portal vein. The spleen filters blood, removes old red blood cells, and plays a role in immune responses through lymphocyte activation and plasma cell production.
Anatomy of spleen.pptx
The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ located in the left upper abdomen under the left side of the diaphragm. It has two surfaces - a diaphragmatic surface connected to the diaphragm and lungs, and a visceral surface connected to the stomach, pancreas, and left kidney. The spleen receives blood from the splenic artery and drains into the splenic vein, which joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. The spleen filters blood and fights infections.
Gross anatomy and histology of extrahepatic biliary apparatus
This document summarizes the gross anatomy and histology of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus. It describes the components and functions of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus, which includes the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, and common bile duct. Key anatomical structures like Calot's triangle and their clinical significance in conditions like cholelithiasis and surgical procedures like cholecystectomy are discussed. The microanatomy and blood supply of the gallbladder are also outlined.
Small intestine
The small intestine is responsible for most digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is divided into three parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum contains Brunner's glands which secrete mucus to protect the lining and help regulate pH. It connects to the bile ducts and pancreas. The jejunum and ileum further digest food and absorb nutrients through fingerlike villi before waste passes to the large intestine.
Histology of Gall bladder
Histology of Gall bladder and its formation which consist of mainly 3 layers which they are:
- Mucosa
- Muscularis / Fibromuscular layer
- Serosa / Adventitia
And you must note that there is no Muscularis mucosa
& Submucosa inside Gall bladder...
Prepared by Nahry Omer Muhammad, University of Sulaimany/Collage of Medicine
Urethra
The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It has some differences between males and females. The male urethra is longer (18-20 cm) and curved, serving the dual functions of urination and ejaculation. It has two parts - the posterior urethra near the bladder and anterior urethra in the penis. The female urethra is shorter (4 cm) and straight, serving only urination. It opens between the clitoris and vaginal opening. Catheterization is easier in females due to the straight course of the urethra.
SMALL INTESTINE AND LARGE INTESTINE
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the small and large intestines. It describes the gross anatomy and divisions of the small intestine including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It also describes the gross anatomy and divisions of the large intestine including the cecum, colon and rectum. It discusses the structural characteristics of the intestines including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa layers. It provides details on the villi, crypts of Lieberkühn and intestinal secretions and their role in absorption.
Anatomy of stomach
The stomach is a J-shaped muscular sac located in the left upper quadrant and umbilical region of the abdomen. It is divided into four regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. The stomach has two openings: the gastroesophageal opening connects to the esophagus and the pyloric opening connects to the small intestine. Blood supply comes from the celiac artery and innervation is provided by the vagus and splanchnic nerves.
Liver pancreas
The document provides information about the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It discusses the morphology and functions of each organ. The liver has two lobes and is surrounded by Glisson's capsule. Its functions include bile production, glycogen storage, and detoxification. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile before releasing it in response to cholecystokinin. The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes for digestion, while the endocrine pancreas is made of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon.
The jejunum and ileum
The jejunum and ileum are the coiled parts of the small intestine located between the duodenum and colon. Together they are around 6 meters long. The jejunum is located in the middle of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum. The ileum is the final section of the small intestine leading to the large intestine. Both sections are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery and drained by the superior mesenteric vein. They absorb nutrients and pass contents to the large intestine.
Abdominal wall anatomy and its clinical importance
This document provides an anatomical overview of the anterior abdominal wall, including its layers, muscles, blood supply, innervation and clinical importance. It describes the boundaries and surface topography of the abdominal wall before detailing each layer, including the skin, superficial fascia, three flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), two vertical muscles (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis) and their attachments. It also discusses the rectus sheath, fascia transversalis, extraperitoneal fascia and peritoneum. The blood supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, dermatomes and innervation are summarized. Finally, it lists 10 examples of the clinical importance of the abdominal
Liver development (hepatogenesis)
The liver develops from the endodermal lining of the foregut, forming a hepatic diverticulum that grows into the mesenchymal septum transversum. Hepatic cords and biliary system primordia within the diverticulum differentiate into liver parenchyma and bile ducts between the septum transversum layers. During development, the diverticulum elongates to form the common bile duct while its outgrowth develops into the gallbladder and cystic duct. Fetal liver receives blood from the umbilical vein and does not perform normal metabolic functions until after birth when the umbilical vein and ductus venosus are obliterated.
Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system
This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, diagnostic studies, diseases, and surgical procedures related to the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system. Key points include:
- The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac located in the liver that stores and concentrates bile. Bile is produced by the liver and aids in fat digestion.
- Gallstones are a common problem, forming when bile becomes supersaturated, and can cause conditions like cholecystitis. Surgical interventions include cholecystectomy.
- Other issues discussed include bile duct injuries, tumors, and abnormalities like sclerosing cholangitis. A variety of imaging studies and endoscopic procedures are used for diagnosis and treatment.
The caecum
The caecum is a blind pouch located in the right lower abdomen that connects the ileum to the ascending colon. It stores semi-liquid digestive material and helps absorb fluids and electrolytes. The appendix attaches to its back surface. Blood supply comes from the ileocolic artery. Lymph drains to the ileocolic lymph nodes. Diseases that can affect the caecum include volvulus, intussusception, and diverticulitis.
Spleen anatomy and physiology
The spleen is located in the upper left abdomen between the stomach and diaphragm. It is roughly 9-14 cm long and filters old blood cells from the bloodstream. The spleen receives blood from the splenic artery and drains into the splenic vein which joins the portal vein. It contains red pulp which filters blood and white pulp containing lymphatic tissue. The spleen plays an important role in the immune system and filtering blood.
Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
The extrahepatic biliary apparatus consists of the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, and bile duct. The hepatic ducts emerge from the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct, which then joins with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the bile duct. The gallbladder is a reservoir for bile located in the liver that concentrates and stores bile before releasing it through the cystic duct into the bile duct for transport to the duodenum. The bile duct courses through the liver and pancreas, joining with the pancreatic duct before entering the duodenum.
Anatomy of small and large intestine
1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the jejunum, ileum, and large intestine.
2. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are described, including their location in the abdomen and structural characteristics.
3. The large intestine is then described, including sections like the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and their blood supply.
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Gross anatomy and histology of extrahepatic biliary apparatus
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Functions of spleen and lymph nodes
This document discusses the reticuloendothelial system, which consists of phagocytic cells that protect the body from infection. It notes that macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils ingest microbes and foreign substances through phagocytosis. Macrophages are found in tissues throughout the body, including the liver, lungs, brain, lymph nodes, spleen, bone, skin, and kidneys, where they phagocytose pathogens and present antigens to activate the immune response. The document also summarizes the functions of the spleen and lymph nodes in filtering the blood and lymph, respectively, to remove microbes, aged cells, and other foreign substances.
Human Body Project
The document discusses several key organs in the human body, including the brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and spleen. It provides details on the structure and functions of each organ. The brain section describes the evolution of the brain from the brain stem and hypothalamus to the hippocampus and cortex. It also outlines the four main lobes of the brain and their functions. The lungs section notes that the left lung is smaller to make room for the heart and that lungs contain over 300 million air sacs. The heart pumps over 2.5 billion liters of blood in a lifetime. The kidneys filter the blood and regulate waste removal. The liver produces bile and is essential for survival. The spleen acts as a
Spleen anatomy
The spleen is a lymphatic organ located in the left upper abdomen under the diaphragm and ribs. It is oval shaped, 7-14cm long and weighs 150-200g. The spleen has several surfaces - a diaphragmatic surface facing upward, a visceral surface divided into gastric and renal regions, and borders. It filters blood and recycles iron, and contains red and white pulp. The spleen receives blood from the splenic artery and drains into the splenic vein. Diseases can cause an enlarged or absent spleen.
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The Spleen (Anatomy of the Abdomen)
The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It has an anterior and posterior end, with an upper and lower border. The spleen receives blood supply from the splenic artery and drains into the splenic vein. Lymph from the spleen drains to the pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes and coeliac lymph nodes. The spleen is supported in position by peritoneal ligaments, intra-abdominal pressure, and contact with surrounding organs. The functions of the spleen include acting as a reservoir for blood and iron, destroying old red blood cells, and forming red blood cells during early fetal development.
ANATOMY OF SPLEEN AND IT'S APPLIED ASPECT
The document provides information on the anatomy of the spleen:
1. The spleen lies obliquely along the 10th rib on the left side of the abdomen and acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in immune responses.
2. It has an irregular shape with two ends, three borders, and two surfaces. Blood enters through the hilum located between the superior and intermediate borders.
3. The spleen has various relations within the abdomen and impressions on its surface from neighboring organs. It receives its blood supply from the splenic artery and drains into the splenic vein.
Spleen
This document discusses the spleen and causes of splenomegaly (enlarged spleen). It begins by thanking radiologists for their assistance. Simple cyst criteria are outlined. Splenogonadal fusion and sarcoidosis are mentioned. The main causes of splenomegaly are then listed, including infections, portal hypertension, hemolytic anemias, hematological malignancies, infiltrative disorders, collagen vascular disorders, and congestive cardiac failure.
Structure and functions of immune system
The immune system consists of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, are responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocytes. The thymus matures T cells while the bone marrow matures B cells. Once matured, lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs where they encounter antigens and initiate an immune response. Secondary lymphoid organs include lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
Spleen.. Dr.banez surgery
The document summarizes anatomy, functions, evaluation, indications for splenectomy, preoperative considerations, techniques for open and laparoscopic splenectomy, complications, and prevention of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection. Key points include that the spleen filters blood and fights infection, splenectomy is commonly performed for trauma or hematologic disorders, vaccinations and antibiotics can help prevent post-operative infection, and complications include bleeding, infection, and thrombosis.
Spleen
The spleen filters blood, removes old red blood cells and platelets, stores blood, and plays an important role in the immune system. It lies in the left upper abdomen. The spleen can be damaged by trauma, which ranges from superficial bruising to complete rupture. Rupture presents with shock, abdominal pain, and swelling. Treatment is splenectomy for adults but splenic preservation is attempted for children. The spleen can also enlarge in diseases like portal hypertension, leading to a condition called hypersplenism with low blood counts.
SPLEEN AND RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
The document discusses the spleen and reticuloendothelial system (RES). It describes the spleen's structure as being divided into red and white pulp. Red pulp contains sinusoids and cords that filter blood, while white pulp contains lymphatic nodules. The spleen plays roles in filtering blood, forming red blood cells, mounting an immune response, and storing iron. The RES consists of tissue-based macrophages that phagocytose pathogens and debris. It is a generalized innate defense system located throughout the body.
Spleen
The spleen develops from mesenchymal cells in the fifth week of gestation and is located in the left upper abdomen. It is covered by peritoneum except at the hilum and measures approximately 7-12 cm long. The spleen filters blood and removes old red blood cells, recycles iron, and stores blood. Splenectomy may be performed to treat traumatic spleen injuries, hypersplenism, hematologic disorders, vascular diseases of the spleen, cysts/abscesses/tumors, for diagnostic purposes, and during other surgical procedures. The most common reasons for splenectomy are hematologic disorders, trauma, and neoplastic diseases of the spleen.
RED BLOOD CELL AND HAEMATOCRIT
This document provides an overview of red blood cells, including their functional morphology, membrane composition and metabolism. It describes the normal size, shape and counts of red blood cells and variations thereof. It also discusses the packed cell volume, red cell indices, Rouleaux formation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, red blood cell membrane structure and permeability, cellular composition, and metabolic pathways of glucose utilization including the Embden-Meyerhof and hexose monophosphate shunt pathways.
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The spleen is a soft, ovoid organ located in the upper left abdomen that acts as a filter for the blood and aids the immune system. It contains red pulp to remove old red blood cells and white pulp containing lymphocytes. The spleen stores blood, filters the bloodstream, and mounts immune responses to antigens. Diseases like mononucleosis or blood cancers can cause an enlarged spleen, and its surgical removal is called a splenectomy which increases risk of infection.
Liver & Liver Diseases
The liver is the largest gland in the body and performs many critical metabolic functions like carbohydrate and protein metabolism. It also plays an important role in hormone regulation, bile production, and blood clotting factor synthesis. Chronic liver disease can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis over many years. Cirrhosis is characterized by liver scarring and nodule formation, resulting in loss of liver function. Common causes include alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Complications arise due to portal hypertension and liver failure. Diagnosis involves liver biopsy or lab tests showing abnormalities in liver enzymes and clotting factors.
Anatomy and physiology of spleen with surgical implications .pptx
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Spleen-Anatomy physiology.pptx
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on the anatomy and physiology of the spleen. Some key points:
- Slides can be freely downloaded, edited and modified. Many slides are blank except for the title to facilitate active learning sessions.
- The presentation encourages showing blank slides first to elicit what students already know before presenting content.
- It can be used for self-study as well as active learning sessions involving multiple revisions of topics.
- Notes provide information on the bibliography used.
The rest of the document consists of a detailed PowerPoint presentation on the anatomy and physiology of the spleen.
Spleen- anatomy physiolog, function, anomalies.pptx
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on the spleen. It recommends freely editing and modifying the presentation. It notes that half the slides are blank except for the title to facilitate active learning sessions where students are asked questions about each topic before the corresponding slide is shown. The presentation can be used for self-study as well. The document then provides the full PowerPoint presentation on the anatomy and physiology of the spleen across multiple slides.
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The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine that filter the blood and remove waste. They control fluid balance and electrolyte levels in the body. Blood enters the kidneys and waste is removed before the filtered blood returns to the body. Waste is collected in the kidneys' pelvis and drained through tubes called ureters to the bladder. Each kidney contains around a million tiny filters called nephrons that perform these functions. Failure of blood flow to the kidneys can lead to kidney failure and death of kidney tissue.
Spleen function and structure.ppt
The spleen plays important roles in filtering blood and immune function. It is divided into red pulp, white pulp, and marginal zones, each with distinct functions. The spleen filters red blood cells, supports hematopoiesis, removes antigens from blood for immune processing, and stores platelets and white blood cells. Diseases can cause the spleen to enlarge (splenomegaly) or overwork (hypersplenism), requiring its surgical removal (splenectomy) to improve blood counts.
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The document discusses the structure and function of the kidney. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back that filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood to form urine through a process involving glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Artificial kidneys, or dialysis machines, can perform some kidney functions for patients with kidney failure.
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Histology of the liver and gall bladder [compatibility mode]
The document provides an overview of the histology of the liver and gall bladder. It describes the anatomy and vascular supply of the liver. It discusses the histological structure of the liver including liver lobules, hepatic sinusoids, hepatocyte plates, Kupffer cells, Ito cells, pit cells, and hepatocytes. For each cell type, it details histological appearance, location, and functions. The document provides detailed information on the histology of the major cell types and structures found in the liver.
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The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It describes the small intestine absorbing most nutrients and transporting waste to the large intestine. It then details the liver processing nutrients and filtering blood, before waste is expelled by the large intestine and rectum.
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The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It describes the small intestine absorbing most nutrients and transporting waste to the large intestine. It then details the liver which filters blood and produces bile, and the gallbladder which stores and concentrates bile. Diseases like cirrhosis and conditions like jaundice are also mentioned.
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Anatomy and physiology of spleen with surgical implications .pptx
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The Spleen
- 1. The Spleen Biology 120: Medical Terminology By: Amy Slaight 09/04/2012
- 2. The Spleen - Overview • Organ located in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) - Below the diaphragm & behind the stomach • A structure of the Lymphatic System • Present in humans & almost all vertebrae animals • Dark purple or brown appearance • Average human spleen around 12cm in length and 7cm in height (about size of fist)
- 3. The Spleen - Functions • Produce lymphocytes that aid our immune system (produce antibodies) • Remove old & damaged red blood cells • Acts as a reservoir of blood in times of shock or hemorrhage • Preserves iron during filtration, important for synthesizing hemoglobin
- 4. The Spleen - Diseases & Complications • Enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly), resulting from infection, lupus, anemia, malaria, cancer, & cirrhosis • Sickle cell anemia decreases functionality of spleen, as abnormal red blood cells hamper blood flow
- 5. The Spleen – Interesting Facts • Nearly 10% of human population has a second, much smaller spleen known as an accessory spleen • Humans can live without a spleen, in the event it must be removed (splenectomy) due to trauma or other reasons • If only part of the spleen is removed, the spleen has been known to regenerate
- 6. Sources Content: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood_disorders/spleen_disorders/overview_of _the_spleen.html http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-spleen Pearson Prentice Hall – Medical Terminology, 4th Edition , 2009 Photos: http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-spleen http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Splenomegaly-1.jpg
Editor's Notes
- Sources:Content:http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood_disorders/spleen_disorders/overview_of_the_spleen.htmlhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-spleenPhoto sources:http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-spleenhttp://medicalpicturesinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Splenomegaly-1.jpg