This document summarizes a study on the seismic resistance of different infill materials used in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The study examines the impact of infill masonry walls on the linear dynamic performance of a G+10 RC building subjected to lateral seismic loads. Models of the bare frame and infilled frames using different materials like AAC block, red brick, and fly ash brick are analyzed using response spectrum analysis. The results show that infill walls increase the base shear and decrease story drift, displacement, and fundamental natural time period compared to the bare frame model. Red brick masonry provides the highest increase in base shear while AAC block masonry gives the lowest reduction in story drift, displacement, and time
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This document describes the earthquake resistant design of a 25-storey building using the software ETABS. It involves modeling the building, specifying materials and loads, and analyzing it for seismic load combinations according to Indian codes. The building is initially modeled as a regular reinforced concrete frame. Its response is analyzed in terms of shear forces, bending moments, deflections and drift. The frame columns are then replaced with shear walls and the analysis is repeated to compare the effects. The objectives are to minimize damage and loss of life from earthquakes by ensuring the structure can withstand strong ground shaking without collapse.
IRJET- A Study on Seismic Analysis of RC Framed Structures on Varying Slo...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete framed structures located on varying slope angles, with and without shear walls. 12 models of a 10-story building were developed with slope angles of 0°, 11.25°, 22.5°, and 45° to analyze seismic performance. The models were analyzed using ETABS software for equivalent static and response spectrum analysis according to Indian seismic codes. Results for parameters like base shear, story shear, story displacement, and story drift were obtained and compared for models with shear walls at corners, corners and edges, and without shear walls. In general, models with shear walls performed better in reducing seismic demands.
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This document presents research on analyzing the seismic performance of flat slab structures under static and dynamic loads. Models of flat slab structures with varying lateral stiffness were created, from flexible columns only to stiffer combinations of columns and shear walls. The models were subjected to seismic and dynamic loads, and the structural responses like natural periods, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift were studied. The results showed that providing edge beams and shear walls strengthened flat slab structures seismically. Key aspects analyzed included the natural period, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift of flat plate and flat slab structures with different configurations, under static and dynamic seismic loads.
A Comparative Seismic Evaluation of GFRP Reinforced and Steel Reinforced Conc...IRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic performance of GFRP reinforced and steel reinforced concrete buildings using ETABS software. A G+3 storey building with 3.5m floor height was modeled and analyzed using equivalent static analysis in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Results for storey shear, lateral displacement, and storey drift under different load combinations are presented. The analysis found that the GFRP reinforced building experienced 11-15% higher displacements and drifts compared to the steel reinforced building. However, the storey shears were similar. In conclusion, GFRP reinforcement can be used as an alternative to steel but results in slightly higher deformations under seismic loads.
ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMED STRUCTURE(G+15) WITH STEEL BRACING SYS...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis of a reinforced concrete framed structure (G+15 building) with steel bracing systems using ETABS software. The building was modeled in three configurations - without bracing/shear walls, with various bracing systems, and with shear walls. Bracings and shear walls were placed at the center bays. The models were analyzed for seismic forces in various seismic zones using ETABS. Story displacement and story shear values were compared for models with V-bracing and chevron bracing. It was found that chevron bracing performed better in Zones II&III while V-bracing was better in Zones IV&V.
Effect of Positioning and Configuration of Shear Walls on Seismic Performance...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic performance of RC buildings with different shear wall configurations on both hilly and plain terrain.
2) Five building models are considered: without shear walls, with straight, L-shaped, T-shaped, and channel-shaped shear walls.
3) Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software. Results for fundamental time period, base shear, and story displacements are compared between the models.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT SHEAR WALL ON IRREGULAR STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that compares the effects of different shear wall materials on an irregular high-rise building structure's earthquake resistance. Seven building models were analyzed: the original building plan, and plans with added shear walls of varying thickness of reinforced concrete or steel plate. Dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method was performed to determine story drift, time period, base shear, and other properties. The study found that increasing the thickness of steel plate shear walls decreases story drift and slightly reduces time period, while base shear is slightly reduced by thicker steel plate walls. Reinforced concrete wall thickness also impacts story drift and time period.
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This document summarizes a study on the seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete framed structures with varying percentages of diaphragm discontinuity, with and without shear walls. 12 models of a G+10 story building were developed in ETABS with 0%, 8.33%, 16.66%, and 33.32% diaphragm openings. The models were analyzed using equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis according to Indian standards. Results for base shear, story shear, story displacement, and story drift ratios were obtained and discussed. It was found that providing shear walls, especially at the corners and periphery of openings, helped reduce seismic demands on the structure compared to models without shear walls.
IRJET- Earthquake Resistant Design of Multistorey BuildingIRJET Journal
This document describes the earthquake resistant design of a 25-storey building using the software ETABS. It involves modeling the building, specifying materials and loads, and analyzing it for seismic load combinations according to Indian codes. The building is initially modeled as a regular reinforced concrete frame. Its response is analyzed in terms of shear forces, bending moments, deflections and drift. The frame columns are then replaced with shear walls and the analysis is repeated to compare the effects. The objectives are to minimize damage and loss of life from earthquakes by ensuring the structure can withstand strong ground shaking without collapse.
IRJET- A Study on Seismic Analysis of RC Framed Structures on Varying Slo...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete framed structures located on varying slope angles, with and without shear walls. 12 models of a 10-story building were developed with slope angles of 0°, 11.25°, 22.5°, and 45° to analyze seismic performance. The models were analyzed using ETABS software for equivalent static and response spectrum analysis according to Indian seismic codes. Results for parameters like base shear, story shear, story displacement, and story drift were obtained and compared for models with shear walls at corners, corners and edges, and without shear walls. In general, models with shear walls performed better in reducing seismic demands.
Seismic Performance of Flat Slab Structures Under Static and Dynamic LoadsIRJET Journal
This document presents research on analyzing the seismic performance of flat slab structures under static and dynamic loads. Models of flat slab structures with varying lateral stiffness were created, from flexible columns only to stiffer combinations of columns and shear walls. The models were subjected to seismic and dynamic loads, and the structural responses like natural periods, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift were studied. The results showed that providing edge beams and shear walls strengthened flat slab structures seismically. Key aspects analyzed included the natural period, base shear, displacement, and inter-story drift of flat plate and flat slab structures with different configurations, under static and dynamic seismic loads.
A Comparative Seismic Evaluation of GFRP Reinforced and Steel Reinforced Conc...IRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic performance of GFRP reinforced and steel reinforced concrete buildings using ETABS software. A G+3 storey building with 3.5m floor height was modeled and analyzed using equivalent static analysis in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Results for storey shear, lateral displacement, and storey drift under different load combinations are presented. The analysis found that the GFRP reinforced building experienced 11-15% higher displacements and drifts compared to the steel reinforced building. However, the storey shears were similar. In conclusion, GFRP reinforcement can be used as an alternative to steel but results in slightly higher deformations under seismic loads.
ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMED STRUCTURE(G+15) WITH STEEL BRACING SYS...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis of a reinforced concrete framed structure (G+15 building) with steel bracing systems using ETABS software. The building was modeled in three configurations - without bracing/shear walls, with various bracing systems, and with shear walls. Bracings and shear walls were placed at the center bays. The models were analyzed for seismic forces in various seismic zones using ETABS. Story displacement and story shear values were compared for models with V-bracing and chevron bracing. It was found that chevron bracing performed better in Zones II&III while V-bracing was better in Zones IV&V.
Effect of Positioning and Configuration of Shear Walls on Seismic Performance...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic performance of RC buildings with different shear wall configurations on both hilly and plain terrain.
2) Five building models are considered: without shear walls, with straight, L-shaped, T-shaped, and channel-shaped shear walls.
3) Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software. Results for fundamental time period, base shear, and story displacements are compared between the models.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT SHEAR WALL ON IRREGULAR STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that compares the effects of different shear wall materials on an irregular high-rise building structure's earthquake resistance. Seven building models were analyzed: the original building plan, and plans with added shear walls of varying thickness of reinforced concrete or steel plate. Dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method was performed to determine story drift, time period, base shear, and other properties. The study found that increasing the thickness of steel plate shear walls decreases story drift and slightly reduces time period, while base shear is slightly reduced by thicker steel plate walls. Reinforced concrete wall thickness also impacts story drift and time period.
IRJET- A Study on Seismic Evaluation of RC Framed Structures on Varying Perce...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete framed structures with varying percentages of diaphragm discontinuity, with and without shear walls. 12 models of a G+10 story building were developed in ETABS with 0%, 8.33%, 16.66%, and 33.32% diaphragm openings. The models were analyzed using equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis according to Indian standards. Results for base shear, story shear, story displacement, and story drift ratios were obtained and discussed. It was found that providing shear walls, especially at the corners and periphery of openings, helped reduce seismic demands on the structure compared to models without shear walls.
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on analyzing reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with fully, partially, and no masonry infill walls in different seismic zones of India. It discusses how infill walls can increase structural strength, stiffness, and seismic resistance by interacting with the RC frame. The document summarizes several studies that found infill walls reduce displacements, drifts, and bending moments in frames while increasing base shear and axial column forces. It proposes analyzing an RC frame building with and without infill walls using the STAAD PRO software to understand how infill walls affect seismic response. The methodology section outlines steps for modeling the structure and applying loads and seismic analysis.
Comparative Analysis of an RC framed building under Seismic ConditionsIRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of different earthquake resisting techniques for a 10-story reinforced concrete building, including shear walls and bracings. Seven building models are analyzed using STAAD Pro software: 1) a base structure without seismic restraints, 2) parallel shear walls on all sides, 3) L-shaped corner shear walls, 4) diagonal bracing throughout, 5) diagonal bracing in the middle bays, 6) diagonal bracing at the corners, and 7) a combination of bracing and shear walls. The analysis finds that bracing is most effective at reducing bending moments, shear forces, and axial forces, while adding less weight than shear walls. Diagonal bracing placed in the middle bays
IRJET- Impact of Shear Wall to Reduce Torsional Effect for Unsymmetrical R.C....IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on analyzing the torsional effects on symmetrical and unsymmetrical reinforced concrete framed buildings under seismic loading. Time history analysis is performed on 10-storey symmetrical and L-shaped unsymmetrical buildings using MATLAB. The response quantities like base shear, displacement and torsional moment are obtained and compared for bare frame, frame with infill walls and frame with shear walls. The results show that the unsymmetrical bare frame experiences higher base shear, displacement and torsional moment compared to the symmetrical frame. Infill walls and shear walls are found to effectively reduce the torsional effects in the unsymmetrical building by shifting the center of rigidity closer to the center of mass.
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Effect of Seismic Waves on Multistoried Bu...IRJET Journal
The document compares the effect of seismic waves on multistoried buildings with and without shear walls and flanged concrete columns. Three 10-story building models are analyzed using STAAD Pro: Model 1 without seismic resisting structures, Model 2 with concentrically located shear walls along the exterior, and Model 3 with flanged concrete columns along the exterior. Model 2 and 3 experience approximately 10% less lateral force and base shear compared to Model 1. Introducing shear walls or flanged columns improves seismic performance by increasing stiffness and reducing displacements, stresses, and forces in the building. While shear walls provide the greatest stability, flanged columns also enhance seismic resistance and may be more economical for some applications.
IRJET-Analysis of G+25 RCC Bare Framed Structure with Shear Wall Under the Ef...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analysis of a G+25 reinforced concrete bare framed structure with shear walls under seismic loads. Four models are analyzed with shear walls placed at different locations (intermediate, corner, middle, core) and compared to a conventional structure without shear walls. The objectives are to analyze seismic forces for Zone III and compare bending moments and shear forces. The methodology uses STAAD Pro V8i to model and analyze the structures. Results show that the model with a shear wall at the corner performs best, with bending moments reduced by 37% compared to the conventional structure without shear walls. In conclusion, adding shear walls, especially at the corner, improves a structure's ability to resist seismic forces.
Comparative Study on Masonry Infill, Friction Dampers and Bare Frame Structur...IRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic response of a 10-story building modeled with three different configurations: a bare frame, a frame with masonry infill walls modeled as equivalent diagonal struts, and a frame with friction dampers. Non-linear time history analysis was performed using the EL Centro earthquake record. The addition of masonry infills increased the lateral stiffness and decreased displacements and column moments but also increased base shear and accelerations. The use of friction dampers effectively dissipated energy and reduced the structural response compared to the bare frame, without increasing other demands. Analysis results for story acceleration, displacement, column moment, and base shear are presented for each model.
IRJET- Response of Adjacent Building for Seismic Pounding Effect on Bare Fram...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic pounding effect between two adjacent buildings with different dynamic characteristics. Various models are created including bare frame buildings and masonry infilled frame buildings with equal and unequal heights. Nonlinear time history analysis is performed and the pounding force, displacements, and modal periods are compared. Adding shear walls is found to significantly reduce pounding effect by increasing lateral stiffness. The maximum pounding force occurs for a bare frame model with mid-column impact. Masonry infill and shear walls help reduce pounding by increasing stiffness, with shear walls providing the most mitigation of pounding effect.
Influence of Openings and Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of Tu...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the seismic behavior of tunnel form buildings using response spectrum analysis. Tunnel form buildings are reinforced concrete structures with relatively thin shear walls and flat slabs instead of beams and columns. The study models a 6-story RC wall building to analyze the effects of openings (0%, 6%, 22%, 50%) and soil conditions (bearing capacities of 50, 100, 200, 250) on seismic performance parameters like time period, displacement, drift, and base shear. Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software according to Indian codes. Results show that RC wall buildings have significantly reduced time periods and displacements compared to equivalent RC frame buildings, indicating improved seismic performance.
Performance Based Evaluation of Conventional RC Framed Structure Compared wit...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of an 11-story conventional reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure compared to a flat slab structure. Both linear and nonlinear analysis methods are used to evaluate the structures' performance under seismic loads. The natural period, base shear, story stiffness, and story displacement are calculated and compared for RC and flat slab models with and without shear walls. The results show that the flat slab structure generally has a higher natural period, base shear, and story displacement but lower story stiffness compared to the RC structure. Shear walls are found to significantly increase the stiffness and seismic performance of both structural types.
A Study on Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings with and ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic response of reinforced concrete framed buildings with and without infill walls. It analyzes two buildings, one with 5 stories and one with 9 stories, using different modeling techniques in SAP2000 software. The buildings are modeled as bare frames without infills, with single diagonal struts, double struts, and triple struts to represent the infill walls. Results for parameters like total weight, period, base shear, and modal participation are compared between the different models to understand the effect of including infill walls in the analysis. The goal is to evaluate how masonry infill walls contribute to the seismic resistance of reinforced concrete buildings.
Analysis of High Rise Multistoried Building With and without Shear Wall By Re...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes a 15-story residential building with and without shear walls using response spectrum analysis. It finds that placing symmetrically positioned shear walls improves the building's performance in terms of seismic parameters like story drift, displacement, forces and stiffness compared to a building without shear walls. The building is modeled in ETABS software and seismic parameters are compared for models with and without shear walls in zone 3. Results show that shear walls enhance the building's lateral stiffness and resistance to earthquake forces.
IRJET- Lateral Stiffness of Framed Structures for Lateral LoadsIRJET Journal
The document discusses methods for calculating the lateral stiffness of framed structures. It begins by noting the importance of evaluating stiffness for seismic design codes. Several approximate methods for calculating storey stiffness are compared, but accurate methods using finite element analysis have been less studied. The study aims to compare different accurate methods for calculating storey stiffness using analytical software models. A 4-storey reinforced concrete frame structure is modeled and different analysis methods are applied to calculate storey stiffnesses, including applying point loads at different locations and calculating drifts. Results will help identify the most accurate and practical method for engineers.
BLAST ANALYSIS OF RC RETAINING WALL WITH SANDWICH PANELIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on analyzing the blast performance of reinforced concrete retaining walls with and without a sandwich panel. A 3D model of a typical cantilever retaining wall is created in CREO parametric software and imported to ANSYS 16.0 for explicit blast analysis. The sandwich panel uses corrugated Kevlar material. Blasts of 1kg and 1500kg of TNT explosive placed 1m from the wall are simulated. Results show the sandwich retaining wall experiences less deformation than the normal wall under both blast loads, indicating improved blast resistance with the sandwich panel.
Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wallIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings with solid shear walls and coupled shear walls located in seismic zone IV.
2) Coupled shear walls consist of two or more shear walls connected by a coupling beam, which allows for openings. The performance depends on the arrangement and size of the coupling beam.
3) A 10-story reinforced concrete special moment resisting frame building with solid and coupled shear walls in the corners is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Responses such as story displacement, drift, and shear are evaluated and compared.
Seismic Performance Study on RC Wall StructuresIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) wall structures. Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software to analyze models of RC wall buildings under different conditions, including variations in stiffness irregularities, door opening positions, and seismic zones. The performance is evaluated based on response spectrum base shear, storey displacements, and modal time period. The results show that providing shear walls improves seismic capacity and stiffness. Stiffness irregularities, door openings, and more severe seismic zones tend to increase base shear and displacements. RC wall buildings demonstrate less displacement than other structural systems, indicating better seismic safety.
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of infill wall stiffness variations on the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings under seismic demands. The study models a 5-story reinforced concrete building located in seismic zone III of Nasik City, India, with and without considering the stiffness of infill walls. Static analysis using the equivalent lateral force method and dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method are performed and results such as base shear, fundamental time period, and story shear are compared. The goal is to better understand how accounting for the stiffness of infill walls affects the performance of reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes.
Comparative Analysis of Cantilever Retaining Wall With And Without Column-Bea...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that analyzes cantilever retaining walls with and without a column-beam system. The study involves designing both a simple cantilever retaining wall (CRW) and a column-beam cantilever retaining wall (CBCRW) for various heights from 3 to 9 meters using manual calculations, STAAD Pro software, and Excel spreadsheets. The results show that while the CBCRW has higher bending moments in the columns, it requires less reinforcement in the stem and has lower overall construction costs than the CRW. Therefore, the study concludes that the CBCRW is a more economical design for taller retaining walls.
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET- Comparative Study on CFST and Steel Diagrid Structural System for High...IRJET Journal
This study compares the performance of composite cross-sectional steel tube (CFST) diagrid and steel diagrid structural systems for high-rise buildings under seismic loading. 12 building models of G+42 and G+30 storeys were analyzed using ETABS software. The buildings were located in different seismic zones with medium soil. Results showed that steel diagrid structures performed better than CFST diagrid structures, with steel diagrid exhibiting lower storey displacements and drifts. Diagrid structures in general were found to effectively distribute lateral loads and reduce the impact of dynamic loading on high-rise buildings.
STUDY OF COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO ATRIUM BUILDINGS IN VARIOUS SEISMIC ZONES WIT...IRJET Journal
The document compares two 9-story atrium buildings with and without shear walls under different seismic zones. Model 1 does not include shear walls, while Model 2 includes shear walls at each corner. Both models are subjected to dead, live, wind and seismic loads based on Indian codes. Results show that the inclusion of shear walls significantly reduces maximum nodal displacement and bending moment. Across seismic Zones II through V, the building with shear walls experienced 25-40mm lower displacement and 275-372kN lower bending moment compared to the building without shear walls. Including appropriately placed shear walls improves the stability, stiffness and seismic performance of high-rise buildings.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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Evaluation of Seismic Behaviour of RCC Building using Coupled Shear wallIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings with solid shear walls and coupled shear walls located in seismic zone IV.
2) Coupled shear walls consist of two or more shear walls connected by a coupling beam, which allows for openings. The performance depends on the arrangement and size of the coupling beam.
3) A 10-story reinforced concrete special moment resisting frame building with solid and coupled shear walls in the corners is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Responses such as story displacement, drift, and shear are evaluated and compared.
Seismic Performance Study on RC Wall StructuresIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) wall structures. Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software to analyze models of RC wall buildings under different conditions, including variations in stiffness irregularities, door opening positions, and seismic zones. The performance is evaluated based on response spectrum base shear, storey displacements, and modal time period. The results show that providing shear walls improves seismic capacity and stiffness. Stiffness irregularities, door openings, and more severe seismic zones tend to increase base shear and displacements. RC wall buildings demonstrate less displacement than other structural systems, indicating better seismic safety.
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of infill wall stiffness variations on the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings under seismic demands. The study models a 5-story reinforced concrete building located in seismic zone III of Nasik City, India, with and without considering the stiffness of infill walls. Static analysis using the equivalent lateral force method and dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method are performed and results such as base shear, fundamental time period, and story shear are compared. The goal is to better understand how accounting for the stiffness of infill walls affects the performance of reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes.
Comparative Analysis of Cantilever Retaining Wall With And Without Column-Bea...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that analyzes cantilever retaining walls with and without a column-beam system. The study involves designing both a simple cantilever retaining wall (CRW) and a column-beam cantilever retaining wall (CBCRW) for various heights from 3 to 9 meters using manual calculations, STAAD Pro software, and Excel spreadsheets. The results show that while the CBCRW has higher bending moments in the columns, it requires less reinforcement in the stem and has lower overall construction costs than the CRW. Therefore, the study concludes that the CBCRW is a more economical design for taller retaining walls.
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET- Comparative Study on CFST and Steel Diagrid Structural System for High...IRJET Journal
This study compares the performance of composite cross-sectional steel tube (CFST) diagrid and steel diagrid structural systems for high-rise buildings under seismic loading. 12 building models of G+42 and G+30 storeys were analyzed using ETABS software. The buildings were located in different seismic zones with medium soil. Results showed that steel diagrid structures performed better than CFST diagrid structures, with steel diagrid exhibiting lower storey displacements and drifts. Diagrid structures in general were found to effectively distribute lateral loads and reduce the impact of dynamic loading on high-rise buildings.
STUDY OF COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO ATRIUM BUILDINGS IN VARIOUS SEISMIC ZONES WIT...IRJET Journal
The document compares two 9-story atrium buildings with and without shear walls under different seismic zones. Model 1 does not include shear walls, while Model 2 includes shear walls at each corner. Both models are subjected to dead, live, wind and seismic loads based on Indian codes. Results show that the inclusion of shear walls significantly reduces maximum nodal displacement and bending moment. Across seismic Zones II through V, the building with shear walls experienced 25-40mm lower displacement and 275-372kN lower bending moment compared to the building without shear walls. Including appropriately placed shear walls improves the stability, stiffness and seismic performance of high-rise buildings.
Similar to “THE SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF THE DIFFERENT INFILL MATERIALS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RC STRUCTURES” (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.