The apple scab disease was first reported in Sweden in 1819 and occurs worldwide where apples are grown. In India, it was first reported in Kashmir in 1935 resulting in an epidemic in 1975, and then in Himachal Pradesh in 1977 resulting in another epidemic in 1982-1983. The disease is caused by two fungi, Venturia inaequalis in its perfect stage and Spilocaea pomi in its imperfect stage. Symptoms appear on leaves, fruit, twigs and other plant parts as small brown or olive green lesions. Integrated disease management includes proper sanitation, spraying urea before leaf fall, using resistant varieties, and biological controls like Chaetonium spp. fungal agents. Chemical sp

1. Submitted by: Akash Singh Soares (A-2014-01-005)

2. The disease was first reported from Sweden
in 1819 and occurs in all the apple growing
regions. In India, the disease was first
reported from Kashmir in 1935 which
resulted in epidemic in the year 1975 and
subsequently in 1977, it was reported from
Himachal Pradesh resulting an epidemic in
the year 1982-1983. The estimated yield

3. The disease is caused by Venturia inaequalis (Perfect Stage) and Spilocaea pomi
(Imperfect stage).
The imperfect stage is found on the living parts and perfect stage on the fallen dead
leaves. The fungal hyphae in the infected fruits are located only between cuticle and
epidermal cells therefore are sub-cutaneous. The fungus produces Ascocarp in stroma
of fallen leaves called Pseudothecia which are dark brown to black and spherical having
short beak and distinct ostiol. There are large no. of Asci which are cylindrical,
fasciculate, short, stipulate and 8-spored. Ascospores are yellowish green and
unequally bi-celled.

4. Pseudothecia

5. The symptoms of the disease appear on leaves, petiole,
twigs, sepals, fruits and pedicel.
ℭ Leaf Lesions- On leaf, lesions are small, dull, olive
green to brown colored. As the lesions ages the margin
thickens and leaf surface is deformed. When several
lesions coalesce, they become curled, dwarf and
distorted. The term ‘Sheet Scab’ is used to describe this
phase and the leaves fall pre-maturely.

6. Contd…
ℭ Fruit Spot- Spots are small, superficial
lesions or large patches that develop on
fruit surface. Severe attack result in the
formation of misshaped fruits and
cracking, The scabs are rough, black and
circular called as ‘Pin Point Scab’.

7. Contd…
ℭ Twig Lesions- They are small, long,
slightly raised causing bursting of bark.

8. Ş Follow proper sanitation practices.
Ş Spray 5% urea at pre-leaf fall stage.
Ş Use resistant varieties like Red free, Mcfree, Prime etcetera.
Ş Use Biological Control Agents like Chaetonium spp.

9. Phenological Stage Chemical Used Concentration
Silver Tip-Green Tip Chlorothanolil; Dodine;
Mancozeb; Captan
0.4%; 0.1%; 0.25%; 0.25%
Pink Bud Stage Hexaconazol; Fenarimol;
Myclobutanil
0.05%; 0.04%; 0.04%
Petal Fall Hexaconazol;
Carbendazim;
Thiophenatemethyl
0.05%; 0.05%; 0.05%
Fruit Stage (Pea Size) Dodine; Bitertanol;
Fenarimol; Myclobutanil
0.075%; 0.05%; 0.04%;
0.04%
Fruit Stage (Walnut Size) Carbendazim+Mancozeb 0.05%+0.25%
Fruit Development (40
days before harvest)
Captan; Febarimol;
Myclobutanil; Bitertanol
0.3%; 0.04%; 0.04%;0.05%
Pre-harvest Mancozeb; Captan 0.25%; 0.3%

10. Soares