This document discusses seed-borne diseases in pulses like black gram, green gram, cowpea, soybean, and their management. It identifies several important diseases transmitted through seed like dry root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni, and viruses. It recommends strategies like selecting disease-free seed, seed certification, treatment with chemicals like thiram or biological controls like Trichoderma viride to manage these diseases and improve seed health, emergence, and yield. Seed coating with T. viride has been shown to increase beneficial fungi and reduce root rot in pulses and other crops.

1. U.T. of Puducherry
Disease free seed production in Pulses
Prof. Dr.C. Rettinassababady

2. MAHE
KARAIKAL
PONDICHERRY
YANAM
Union Territory of Puducherry
Couroupita guianensisCannon Ball Tree

3. Introduction
SEED - Most efficient Input in Agriculture
Infected Seed (SB pathogens)
 Primary source of inoculum
 Excellent carrier for dissemination of phytopathogens
 Victim & vehicle – Extensive & complex SB pathogens
Seeds are foundation to crop production
whereas
SEED HEALTH is related to food
production

5. Irish famineIrish famine
((1845-471845-47))
Late blight of potato
Phytophthora infestans
Seed borne nature of Phytophthora

6. Dry root rot / Charcoal rotDry root rot / Charcoal rot
Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolina

7. Dry root rot / Charcoal rotDry root rot / Charcoal rot
Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolina

8. SEED HEALTH
● Seed borne pathogens
● Important component of seed
quality

10. DISEASES OF BLACK GRAM
& GREEN GRAM

11. Dry root rot / Charcoal rotDry root rot / Charcoal rot
Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolina

12. Dry root rot / Charcoal rotDry root rot / Charcoal rot
Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolina

13. Dry root rot / Charcoal rotDry root rot / Charcoal rot
Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolina

14. Powdery mildewPowdery mildew
Erysiphe polygoniErysiphe polygoni

15. Erysiphe polygoniErysiphe polygoni
Conidia and Conidiophore
Chasmothecium withChasmothecium with
asci and ascosporesasci and ascospores

16. AnthracnoseAnthracnose
Colletotrichum lindemuthianumColletotrichum lindemuthianum

17. RustRust
Uromyces phaseoli - typicaUromyces phaseoli - typica

18. RustRust
Uromyces phaseoli - typicaUromyces phaseoli - typica

19. Leaf spotLeaf spot
Cercospora canescensCercospora canescens

20. Leaf spotLeaf spot
Cercospora canescensCercospora canescens

21. Halo blightHalo blight
Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringae pv.pv. phaseolicolaphaseolicola

22. Yellow mosaicYellow mosaic
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV)Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV)

23. Yellow mosaicYellow mosaic
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV)Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV)
Vector
Bemisia tabaci (White fly)

24. Leaf crinkleLeaf crinkle
Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (ULCV)Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (ULCV)

25. Leaf crinkleLeaf crinkle
Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (ULCV)Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (ULCV)
Vector
Bemisia tabaci (White fly)

26. Leaf Curl / Tip necrosisLeaf Curl / Tip necrosis
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV)Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV)
Vector (Thrips)
Thrips tabaci,
Frankliniella schultzei
Scirtothrips dorsalis

27. DISEASES OF COWPEA

28. Dry Root RotDry Root Rot
Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolina

29. Powdery mildewPowdery mildew
Erysiphe polygoniErysiphe polygoni

30. RustRust
Uromyces phaseoli - typicaUromyces phaseoli - typica

31. Leaf spotLeaf spot
Cercospora cruentaCercospora cruenta

32. Aphid borne mosaicAphid borne mosaic
Cowpea Aphid - borne Mosaic VirusCowpea Aphid - borne Mosaic Virus
(CAMV)(CAMV)

33. Yellow MOSAICYellow MOSAIC
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic VirusMungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

36. SEVERE MOSAICSEVERE MOSAIC
Cowpea Severe Mosaic VirusCowpea Severe Mosaic Virus

37. StrigaStriga infestation in Cowpeainfestation in Cowpea

38. DISEASES OF SOYABEANDISEASES OF SOYABEAN

39. Dry root rotDry root rot
Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolina

40. Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Fusarium virguliformeFusarium virguliforme

43. Severe necrosisSevere necrosis
Defoliation at
upper nodes

44. Bluish mold growth on roots ofBluish mold growth on roots of
plants with SDSplants with SDS

47. Root and stem rotRoot and stem rot
Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojae

48. Browning of the stem, progressing up from
the soil line, is diagnostic for Phytophthora

51. Sporangium with zoosporesSporangium with zoospores

52. oosporesoospores

53. Southern Wilt –Southern Wilt –Sclerotium rolfsiiSclerotium rolfsii

54. POWDERY MILDEWPOWDERY MILDEW
Erysiphe polygoniErysiphe polygoni

55. AnthracnoseAnthracnose
Colletotrichum truncatum, C. glycinesColletotrichum truncatum, C. glycines

56. Anthracnose

59. Purple blotch / Purple speckPurple blotch / Purple speck
Cercospora kikuchiiCercospora kikuchii

60. Purple blotch / Purple speckPurple blotch / Purple speck
Cercospora kikuchiiCercospora kikuchii

61. Conidia and ConidiophoreConidia and Conidiophore

62. Downy mildewDowny mildew
Peronospora manshuricaPeronospora manshurica

63. Sporangiophore and SporangiaSporangiophore and Sporangia

64. RustRust
Phakopsora pachyrhiziPhakopsora pachyrhizi

65. UredosporeUredospore

66. RustRust
Phakopsora pachyrhiziPhakopsora pachyrhizi

67. Frog eye leaf spotFrog eye leaf spot
Cercospora sojanaCercospora sojana

68. Conidia and ConidiophoreConidia and Conidiophore

69. Septoria spotSeptoria spot
Septoria glycinesSeptoria glycines

70. Soyabean mosaicSoyabean mosaic
Soyabean Mosaic VirusSoyabean Mosaic Virus

71. Bud blightBud blight
Tobacco Ring Spot VirusTobacco Ring Spot Virus

72. TRSVTRSV

73. Management strategies……
1.Selection of disease free healthy seed materials
2. Seed certification
3. Plant Quarantine
Seed Treatment Methods
1.Physical methods
Hot water treatment (Aschochyta),
Hot air treatment, Solar heat treatment etc.
2.Chemical seed treatment – Thiram, Mancozeb,
Carbendazim, Carboxin etc.
3. Biological seed treatment – BCA
Trichoderma viride , P. fluorescens
4. Biotechnological
Genetic transfer of Phenolic genes/ cell wall

74. You may not see a
positive effect every year.
However, when the proper
conditions occur for disease
development, seed treatment
will help your crop with
improved emergence & stand
establishment resulting in an
increase in yield

76. Seed coating bySeed coating by TrichodermaTrichoderma

78. Trichoderma viride Talc product - for seed
treatment of pulses, oil seeds, cotton & vegetables.
Diseases controlled Root rot and wilt –
pulses, oil seeds, cotton
Damping off - vegetables
Combined application
(ST, SA & ST+SA)
 Rhizosphere population of T. viride
 pathogenic population of
M.phseolina
 percentage of root rot disease

80. Questions…?please !