Hermann Rorschach's inkblot test is a popular psychological assessment tool, primarily used to evaluate personality, perception, and problem-solving characteristics. Despite its long history and extensive research base, including thousands of citations, the Rorschach faces challenges relating to standardization, scoring reliability, and validity across different populations and cultures. Recent studies highlight significant variations in responses based on cultural contexts, indicating the need for caution in norm application and interpretation.

1. Group 1

2. Hermann Rorschach
(November 8, 1884 - April 1, 1922)

3. Popular game
Eugen Bleuler coined the term 'Schizophrenia'
Rorschach used 40 inkblots out of which he regularly used 15 of
them with his patients
Publisher for his inkblots- The House of Bircher
Rorschach died in 1922
Some facts
Exner's scoring system
Contributors of Rorschach

4. Performance based task
Personality, Perceptual, and Problem
solving characteristics :
i. Thought organization
ii. Perceptual accuracy and conventionality
iii. Self-image and understanding of others
iv. Psychological resources and schemas

5. Contents :
1.Stimulus cards (10)
2.Response sheet
3.Location chart
4.Manual
Materials Required For Administration :
1.All the test contents
2.Stopwatch
3.Different colored pencils
4.Good seating arrangement

8.  Among clinical psychologists in practice, the
Rorschach is typically the Third or Fourth
most commonly used assessment
instrument, following the WAIS and MMPI
(Camara, Nathan, & Puente, 2000; Watkins,
Campbell, Nieberding, & Hallmark,1995)
 With respect to its research base, the Rorschach
has been the second most investigated
personality assessment instrument
(following the MMPI), with about 7,000
citations in the literature as of the mid-1990s
(Butcher & Rouse, 1996)

9.  A complete system by Holtzman
 A series by Behn-Eschenberg that was initially hoped to
parallel Rorschach’s blots
 A short 3-card series by Zulliger,
 An infrequently researched set of Somatic inkblots by
Roemer, which are a set of stimuli that were deliberately
created to elicit responses containing somatic content or
themes.

15. The development of the Rorschach CS included the compilation of
descriptive statistics for each of its codes and summary scores for a sample
of 600 nonpatient adults age 19 to 69 (Mean of 31.7)
The sample was stratified to include an equal number of males and females
and 120 persons from each of five geographic areas across the United
States (Northeast, South, Midwest, Southwest, and West)
Additional reference data are available for 1,390 nonpatient young people,
ages 5 to 16, and for three groups of adult psychiatric patients: 328 first
admission inpatients with schizophrenia, 279 patients hospitalized for
depression, and 535 outpatients presenting a diversity of symptoms
A further source of concern about the current adequacy of the CS norms
emerged from a 12-country collaborative international study of Rorschach
structural data in nonpatient samples.

16. As reported by Erdberg and Shaffer (2001), these studies
have demonstrated many striking cross-cultural similarities
in patterns of Rorschach responses, but also some notable
differences from the U.S. norms published by Exner.
Recent research has revealed that norms cannot be used
from one country to another and differences within the same
cultural group are also to be found.
Norms created by D’Netto and Dubey reported marked
differences in the responses of the military personnel as
compared to the normal civilians and also between
themselves.
Most of these studies had a number of shortcomings.

17.  Lack of standardized rules for administration
and scoring.
 Poor inter-rater reliability.
 Lack of adequate norms.
 Unknown or weak validity.

18. i. W
ii. D
iii. d
iv. S
v. Dd
vi. De
vii. dr

19. • H
• (H)
• Hd
• (Hd)
• A-I
• At
• Sex
• A
• (A)
• Ad
• (Ad)

20. Determinants
Main and
Additional
Responses
F o rm
Re s p o n
s e s
F
Mo v eme
n t
r e s p o n s
es
M
FM
m (mF
Fm)
Sh a d i n g
r e s p o n s
es
c (Fc, cF)
K (FK,
KF)
k (Fk, kF)
Co l o u r
r e s p o n s
es
Achromatic – C’
(FC’, C’F)
Chromatic – C
(FC, CF)

23. Psychogram

24. Interpretation of M, FM, m
Interpretation of K, KF, FK
Interpretation of F
Interpretation of c, Fc, cF
Interpretation of Colour responses
Interpretation of C, FC, CF

25. Chromatic – Achromatic
I. Achromatic + 2x chromatic
II. Achromatic + ½ Chromatic
III. Achromatic < ½ Chromatic
F%, N%, D%, S%, dd%
No. of responses & Average response time
Popular responses
Sequence analysis
Content analysis
Evaluation

26. 1.) Intellectual Level:
• Form Level Rating
• Quantity and Quality of M responses
• Quantity and Quality of W responses
• Variety of Responses
• Succession

27. 2.) The Evaluation of control:
The individual should have control over his impulses as well as overt
expressions in order to protect from the dangers of reality situations
and to successfully satisfy one’s needs:
Outer Control
Inner control
Constrictive or Repressive Control
3.) Evaluation of Creative potential:
Creativity in Rorschach indicates maturity and this creativity is based
on two aspects which are as follows:
Imaginal Resources
Object Relations

28. 4.) The Introversive-Extroversive Relationship:
It differs from commonly used words as introverts or extroverts.
An Introversive person has a well-developed imagination in terms of
fantasy, impulses of long term goals. He tends to modify the
environment in terms of his own personal needs and values. Either that
person could have distorted reality or at the other hand he may be self-sufficient.
An Extroversive person responds more towards the environment. He
easily gets stimulated. A passive extroversive take the things as they
come to him without making any changes with reference to his needs.
The difference between introversive and extroversive is that
introversive have personal developmental goals while the extroversive
has goals related to the external world.

29. Rorschach is considered to be excellent at
bypassing a person’s conscious resistance
The Rorschach’s purported high resistance to
faking
Ease of administration. The cards can be easily
handled, and the total administration time
(including inquiry) is typically 50 minutes

30. Validity is often quite variable across different scoring
categories and formulas.
Typically, multiple scores and formulas are derived from
the Rorschach responses, some of which have relatively
good validity and some of which are moderate,
controversial, or even nonexistent.

31. Error can potentially be introduced from many different directions,
like censorship by the subject, scoring errors, poor handling of the
subtleties of interpretation, incorrect incorporation of the
implications of age or education, or possible examiner bias
Previous lack of a single, standardized administration and scoring
system. This is particularly important because numerous studies have
clearly indicated that slight alterations in wording, rapport, and
encouragement can significantly alter the numbers and types of
responses.
In summary, the Rorschach is difficult to evaluate because of its
complexity, its frequent controversy, and considerable variability
related to the validity of its variables.