In this study a novel method of direct conversion of brass (CuZn30) and steel (S355JR) chips into finished product without melting is introduced as an alternative to melting process. CuZn30 Brass and S355JR steel chips were used as constituents of composite materials. The chips were cold pressed at room temperature and were subjected to liquid phase sinterization. Hardness, compression and three point bending tests were used to investigate the mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials and compared with cast CuZn30 brass. The produced composite materials are shown to have comparable mechanical properties with bulk brass. It is also shown that the proposed method can be considered as an alternative to conventional production methods such as melting, extrusion ect. with relatively low costs.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the influence of volume fraction, size of particulates, formation of precipitates at the
matrix/particle interface, particle cracking, voids/porosity, and clustering of particulates on the strength and stiffness of
6063/SiCp metal matrix composites. Tensile strength and stiffness increase with an increase in the volume fraction of SiC
particulates. The tensile strength and stiffness decrease with increase in size of the particulates, presence of porosity, clustering,
and particle cracking. Formation of particulate clusters is more prominent in the composites having very small-reinforced
particulates. Mg2Si compound is likely to precipitate at the matrix/particle interfaces of 6063/SiC composite.
Keywords: 6063, SiC, clustering, cracking, porosity, clustering
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the influence of volume fraction, size of particulates, formation of precipitates at the
matrix/particle interface, particle cracking, voids/porosity, and clustering of particulates on the strength and stiffness of
6063/SiCp metal matrix composites. Tensile strength and stiffness increase with an increase in the volume fraction of SiC
particulates. The tensile strength and stiffness decrease with increase in size of the particulates, presence of porosity, clustering,
and particle cracking. Formation of particulate clusters is more prominent in the composites having very small-reinforced
particulates. Mg2Si compound is likely to precipitate at the matrix/particle interfaces of 6063/SiC composite.
Keywords: 6063, SiC, clustering, cracking, porosity, clustering
Performance Analysis of a SIMO-OFDM System Using Different Diversity Combinin...theijes
The motive of any wireless communication system is to reduce BER for the corresponding SNR. Through this OFDM based receiver diversity system we analyze BER for different diversity combining techniques such as EGC, MRC, SC in a rayliegh faded environment. This model serves two benefits: first noise limited system performance is improved by combating ISI through OFDM and second use of diversity combining which helps combat multipath fading. We also try to achieve an optimum trade-off between BER improvement and increase in number of receiver antennas. This is just to make less-complex receiver as it requires only one DFT processor.
RADAR (RAdio Detection and Ranging) use modulated waveforms and directive antennas to transmit electromagnetic energy into a specific volume in space to search for targets. The targets within the volume reflect echoes back to the radar which are further processed to extract target information. A better SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) to for radar surveillance is achieved. The results are provided by Matlab simulation.
Performance Analysis of a SIMO-OFDM System Using Different Diversity Combinin...theijes
The motive of any wireless communication system is to reduce BER for the corresponding SNR. Through this OFDM based receiver diversity system we analyze BER for different diversity combining techniques such as EGC, MRC, SC in a rayliegh faded environment. This model serves two benefits: first noise limited system performance is improved by combating ISI through OFDM and second use of diversity combining which helps combat multipath fading. We also try to achieve an optimum trade-off between BER improvement and increase in number of receiver antennas. This is just to make less-complex receiver as it requires only one DFT processor.
RADAR (RAdio Detection and Ranging) use modulated waveforms and directive antennas to transmit electromagnetic energy into a specific volume in space to search for targets. The targets within the volume reflect echoes back to the radar which are further processed to extract target information. A better SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) to for radar surveillance is achieved. The results are provided by Matlab simulation.
Identification and Selection of the Best Industrial Wastewater Treatment Tech...theijes
A bench scale model and treatability study was developed for chemical product “detergents, shampoos, toilet soaps and sanitary paper” industry to study the analysis of waste discharge. The main process lines used in the industry are fabric and home care production unit, soap production unit, and sanitary paper production unit. The main environmental problem of the industry is that the industrial wastewater resulting from the facility is not meeting the limits of the environmental regulations for the discharge of wastewater to the sewer network. Accordingly, the industry has to treat the wastewater prior to its discharge to the wastewater sanitary network. The main objectives of this study are management and control of liquid and solid wastes in the industry as well as selecting the different possible treatment trains for the waste water prior to its discharge to the sewer system in order to protect the environment and to gain benefits as much as possible from the wasted materials and identify opportunities for introducing pollution prevention measures and best method for waste minimization as cleaner production system. The study is taking into account all types of waste production including wastewater and solid waste during the production processes activities. Treatment Procedure is conducted through treatability study using two proposed streams of techniques; biological treatment technique (Anaerobic Treatment) and chemical treatment followed by biological treatment technique (Coagulation followed by Sedimentation). According to the different treatment alternatives conducted through the study, it is proved the biological method is not suitable for this type of waste, as the antifoaming chemicals and enzymes present in the wastewater leads to death of the microorganisms and accordingly the failure of the treatment system. As for the chemical treatment, it provided good results in both industrial wastewater mixed with domestic wastewater, and industrial wastewater alone. It also provided good results when using both ferric chloride and aluminum sulphate. It is concluded that the coagulation and Flocculation process followed by plain sedimentation is the most reliable alternative treatment method for this kind of industry using ferric chloride for the wastewater without domestic wastewater. The removal efficiency reached 72 to 79%, 86 to 96%, 83 to 88% and 86% for COD, TSS, Phosphorous, and Oil and Grease respectively.
Pin Profile and Shoulder Geometry Effects in Friction Stir Spot Welded Polyme...theijes
The effects pin profile and shoulder geometry in friction stir spot welded polymer sheets were studied. Six different tool pin geometries were testedin friction stir spot welding(FSSW). The effects of tool shoulder diameter and shoulder cavity angle were also investigated. In the tests 4 mm thick high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) were used. All the welding operations were done at the room temperature. Lap-shear tensile tests were carried out to find the weld static strength. Weld cross section appearance observations were also examined. From the experiments the effect of pin profile and shoulder geometry on friction stir spot weld formation and weld strength were determined. The tapered cylindrical pin was found the optimum pin profile. 30 mm shoulder diameter and 6o shoulder cavity angle gave the best results.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Healthy Subjects with or With...theijes
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all cause mortality. It is estimated that around a quarter of the world’s adult population have MetS and they are twice as likely to die from and three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke compared with people without the syndrome. Data from a total of 401 healthy individuals was analysed and there it was found the prevalence of MetS and there were evaluated the risk factors of CVD in people with MetS. The prevalence of MetS resulted 22%. It was found that in the group of people with MetS there was insulin resistance and a lower insulin sensitivity comparing to the group without MetS. There were studied the modifiable and the nonmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors including : age, gender, BMI, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glycaemia, blood pressure. As a conclusion to this study was found that in the group of people with MetS, were present a significant number of CVD risk factors including modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
Applying IPA on Services Quality for Farm Irrigation Engineering - A Case S...theijes
The purpose of development Irrigation Association in Taiwan is to service farmers, improve irrigation and drainage facilities and get the most out of the economy for all members. Therefore, this study takes a case of Kaohsiung Irrigation Association as object, and explores the effect on the service quality to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture. The research takes the service quality scale of Kaohsiung Irrigation Association as the questionnaire and applies importance-performance analysis (IPA) to view the demand on service quality. Through 22 factors and 5 phases to analysis the questionnaire by statistical method including difference analysis, independent T test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The result shows that the background parameters and five phases have significant effects such as level of education and position. The analysis of IPA is found that 17 factors in the first quadrant mean that members and users will have confidence and extreme recognition and identity on service quality of water conservancy. The results will explore the important issues of concern on service quality in Kaohsiung Irrigation Association, and could give as a reference to improve the future of construction and provide the ability to play a good role in supervision to strengthen the quality and service efficient in farmers' organizations.
A Novel Feature Selection with Annealing For Computer Vision And Big Data Lea...theijes
Numerous PC vision and medical imaging issues a confronted with gaining from expansive scale datasets, with a huge number of perceptions furthermore, highlights.A novel productive learning plan that fixes a sparsity imperative by continuously expelling variables taking into account a measure and a timetable. The alluring actuality that the issue size continues dropping all through the cycles makes it especially reasonable for enormous information learning. Methodology applies nonexclusively to the advancement of any differentiable misfortune capacity, and discovers applications in relapse, order and positioning. The resultant calculations assemble variable screening into estimation and are amazingly easy to execute. It gives hypothetical assurances of joining and determination consistency. Investigates genuine and engineered information demonstrate that the proposed strategy contrasts exceptionally well and other cutting edge strategies in relapse, order and positioning while being computationally exceptionally effective and adaptable.
Experimental Study on Corrosion of Wire Rope Strands under Sulfuric Acid Attacktheijes
A corrosive medium is typically found in the working environment of a wire rope. The wire rope structure has certain characteristics such as complex details, high working stress, and extremely difficult control. Thus, corrosion is the key problem related to the use of wire ropes. The corrosion behaviors of strands extracted from wire rope of type 19x7 in acid medium was investigated in this paper. The results obtained from tensile tests on virgin and corroded specimens show a decrease in strength as function of immersion hours. This progressive decrease of strength allowed us to quantify the damage. Thereafter, and with the establishment of the Damage-Reliability relationship, three stages of damage are distinguished and the value of the critical life fraction is identified (βC = 0.62).
Kinetics, Isotherm And Thermodynamics Studies of Swiss Blue Dye Desorption fr...theijes
Chloroform desorption of Swiss blue dye from saturated activated carbon prepared from hamburger seed shell via microwave technique has been studied and the kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic data determined. Initial solid loading concentrations of the activated carbon after saturation were 123.72mg/g, 248.58mg/g, 373.28mg/g, and 498.11mg/g using 100mg/l, 200mg/l, 300mg/l, and 400mg/l initial concentration of Swiss blue dye respectively. The kinetic data were fitted to first order, second order, pseudo first order, pseudo second intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models. The data fitted pseudo second order perfectly due to the high correlation coefficient. The isotherm data was fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dublin-Radushkevich (D-R), Temkin, Flory-Huggins, Redlich-Peterson and Toth models. The data fitted well to Freundlich model. Activation energy for desorption process was calculated at different initial solid phase concentration. Arrhenius relationship was developed to represent the rate constant dependency on temperature at different initial solid phase concentrations. Thermodynamic parameters calculated confirmed the process as endothermic, feasible and spontaneous. The process had increased disorder as temperature was increased.
Teaching Mathematics Based On “Mathematization” Of Theory of Realistic Mathem...theijes
Theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) was originated in The Netherlands in 1970. It was developed from Freudenthal’ point of view which considered mathematics as human activity. This theory suggested that teaching mathematics should begin with realistic context; the teacher guides his students to reinvent knowledge by process of mathematization. In this paper, we present our research results obtained from application of RME into try-out of teaching linear function in Vietnamese schools
High Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWMtheijes
DC-DC converters with ripple on input source current inject harmonics to the power system which in turn cause harmful to other connected devices. These converters with high efficiency and low input current ripple are essential in most common applications. Cuk converter provide reduction in the ripple of input and output current compared to other traditional converters which can be used for either step up or step down applications. Generally, a conventional cuk converter in continuous conduction mode brings in large current ripple on input side which in turn injects harmonics to the source. This undesirable input current ripple is mitigated by employing the interleaved cuk converter (ICC). Simulation results of ICC shows that the input ripple current has been reduced significantly from 7.5A to 1A compared to conventional cuk converter. The energy-transfer-capacitor in basic cuk converters is splitted into two capacitors. The rectifier diode is replaced by two diodes that form with the two capacitors a switched-capacitor circuit, which appears connected between the input and output inductances of the original converter. A hybrid circuit, presenting a higher DC voltage ratio than the classical Cuk circuit can be obtained. A high gain interleaved cuk converter is designed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK for 40V with an input of 20V.
Phishing Websites Detection Using Back Propagation Algorithm: A Reviewtheijes
Phishing is an illicit modus operandi employing both societal engineering and technological subterfuge to theft client’s private identity data and monetary account credentials. Influence of phishing is pretty radical as it engrosses the menace of identity larceny and financial losses. This paper elucidates the back propagation paradigm to instruct the neural network for phishing forecast. We execute the root-cause analysis of phishing and incentive for phishing. This analysis is intended at serving developers the effectiveness of neural networks in data mining and provides the grounds proving neural networks in phishing detection.
Environmental Monitoring Model of Health, Parasitological, And Colorimetric C...theijes
The sanitary quality of water was evaluated in two micro basins, Bacaxá and Capivari belonging to the Lakes Basin St. John in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for colimetric and parasitological analysis. Analyses were performed seasonally over a year and the levels of Escherichia coli were within the recommended only in the summer of 2012 and fall, and inappropriate with levels above recommended in winter, spring and summer of 2013 in both the micro basins. Through our observations, we compare the average values of the levels of total coliforms and Escherichia coli between both rivers. Initially, the samples indicate a similarity between the distributions of coliforms and Escherichia coli. However, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test samples indicate that the distributions are different. In parasitological analysis it was observed that in Capivari was detected a greater presence of filarial larvae. Anthropogenic influences mainly by the presence of sewage is being able to compromise the health quality of the micro basins studied carrying a significant pollutant load to the Juturnaíba reservoir. The monitoring of the sanitary quality of the watersheds that supply the population may indicate when it is necessary to adopt more effective measures in the treatment of water supply of cities.
Applying K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Discover Knowledge from Insurance Da...theijes
Data mining works to extract information known in advance from the enormous quantities of data which can lead to knowledge. It provides information that helps to make good decisions. The effectiveness of data mining in access to knowledge to achieve the goal of which is the discovery of the hidden facts contained in databases and through the use of multiple technologies. Clustering is organizing data into clusters or groups such that they have high intra-cluster similarity and low inter cluster similarity. This paper deals with K-means clustering algorithm which collect a number of data based on the characteristics and attributes of this data, and process the Clustering by reducing the distances between the data center. This algorithm is applied using open source tool called WEKA, with the Insurance dataset as its input
Almost one-third of older people experience fallscaused bymedical factors and/or frailty.Falls may lead to devastating results. The rapid increase in life expectancy has made fall-detection and analysis an important issue. In order to identify trends and the state of the art in fall risk and balance assessment in older people,this paper carries out a review of the literature in this field. The focus has been on works that studied various assessment tools developed for fall risk assessment in people above 65 years old. The reviewed papers are categorized into two large groups of Clinical Fall Risk Assessment Methods and Quantitative Fall Risk Analysis Methods. For the studies in the first group, in addition to the contribution and limitations of each cited work, thevalidity and reliability factors are highlighted. The majority of the works reported in the second group are still in the development stage and have not been applied in real clinical applications. Hence, issues such as sensitivity and specificity are not considered. The review reveals that despite the high number of studies, there is no consistent worldwide standard for fall risk and balance disorder analysis and assessment. Many of the methods proposed havenot been validated forlarge groups of subjects and the results are generalized without reliable evidence. High cost, complexity, and length of the procedure are the major drawbacks of many of the proposed methods. The frailty of older people can make routine gait analysis challenging. The results of the analysis of the current literature reveal a lack of any comprehensive, objective and accurate method.
Impact of Soil Moisture Conservation Practices and Nutrient Management Under ...theijes
A field experiment was conducted at Cotton Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth , Akola during the year 2014-15 with a view to study the moisture conservation techniques and nutrient requirement for cotton variety AKH-081 which is suitable genotype recommended for High Density Planting System for Vidharbha condition of Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with twelve treatments. The plot size was 6.0 x 4.5 meters spacing at 60 x 10 cm with 1.66 lakh plants per hectare. Three moisture conservation techniques consisting flat sowing, opening of furrow at 40-60 days after sowing and sowing on Broad Bed Furrow (BBF) 3 rows marked at 60 cm along with nutrient management levels RDF (60:30:30 NPK kg ha-1) ,RDF + 2.5 kg Zn ha-1, 125 % RDF (75:37.5:37.5 NPK kg ha-1) and 125 % RDF +2.5 kg Zn ha-1. The growth parameters viz. Plant height and sympodia was significantly influenced due to different moisture conservation techniques. BBF exihibited highest Plant height, Sympodia and Dry matter over the other parameter. The plant height, sympodia and dry matter per plant was increased significantly with increased in nutrient levels with micronutrients for high density planting system of cotton. Nutrients with different levels significantly influenced the yield attributes i.e Boll weight and Seed cotton yield under high density planting system. Significantly highest Seed cotton yield of (1786 kg ha-1) and was recorded with 125 % RDF + 2.5 kg Zn ha-1 which was at par with 125 % RDF. The highest gross monetary return, net monetary returns and benefit cost ratio was recorded with 125 % RDF (75:37.5:37.5 NPK kg ha-1) + 2.5 Kg Zn ha-1 which was at par with125 % RDF (75:37.5:37.5 NPK kg ha-1) which is the need of higher plant density. The highest WUE (3.02 kghamm-1) was noticed in 125 % RDF + Zn.
FTIR Spectrum of BiFeO3 Ceramic Produced By Sol-Gel Method Based On Variation...theijes
High purity BiFeO3 (BFO) powder was synthesized by sol-gel method using bismuth nitrate, iron nitrate as sources and citric acid as fuel. The calcination treatment of the citric acid gel was at 160oC and 200oC for 4 hours respectively. Sintering treatment was varied at 600oC for 4, 6 and 8 hours respectively. The powder has been characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA) to know reference temperatures of calcination and sintering, X Ray Diffraction (XRD) test to confirm BFO phase and Fourier Trasform Infra Red (FTIR) to identify chemical bonds in a molecule by producing an infrared absorption spectrum. TGA/DTA results show that loss of mass and heat flow is at 160oC approximately, it is used as reference of calcination temperature. XRD results show that the BFO powder sintered at 600oC for 8 hours exhibits no secondary phase, Bi2O3. Meanwhile, FTIR Spectrum shows that powder had single phase BFO is having wave number 1385 cm-1 (C-H), 1560 cm-1 (C-C) and 2930 cm-1 (C-H).
Influence of Temperature on Corrosion Characteristics of Metals in Used Cooki...theijes
Biodiesel has become a rapid growing liquid biofuel across the world as a substitute for fossil fuel. Corrosion of metals in biodiesel poses a great threat as this can affect durability of engine parts with which it comes in contact. This study aims at investigating influence of temperature on the corrosion characteristics of metals in used cooking oil methyl ester. The corrosion characteristics of copper-magnesium alloy, mild steel, aluminium, and stainless steel in used cooking oil methyl ester, commercial diesel and diesel- methyl ester blends were studied and the results of corrosion rates obtained in methyl ester and diesel methyl ester blends were compared with that obtained in commercial diesel. Static immersion tests of each metal were carried out in B0, B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100 fuels at room temperature (25-30 °C) for 965 hours, 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C for 8 hours. At the end of the test, the corrosion rates of each metal were investigated by converting loss in weight into corrosion rate. Results showed that the corrosion rate of each metal sample increased as temperature increased. Also, Copper-magnesium alloy presented highest corrosion rates in all test fuels.
Impact of Abattoir Wastes on the Physicochemical Properties of Soils within P...theijes
The impact of abattoir wastes on the physicochemical properties of soils within Port Harcourt metropolis has been investigated. Soil samples from twelve different abattoir locations within Port Harcourt metropolis labeled ABP1 to ABP12 were analyzed for possible contamination of physicochemical and heavy metal parameters. Theywere equally compared with a control site of no abattoir activities (ABPc) as well as WHO and FEPA standard set limits. The soil temperature which was carried out in-situ gave an average value of 30.00C. The mean values of the physicochemical parameters revealed that pH and electrical conductivity had average values of 7.00 and 78.33µScm-1 respectively. Chloride, salinity and nitrates had average values of 335.00mgKg-1 , 601.74mgKg-1 and 39.30mgKg-1 respectively. These values were slightly higher than both the control site as well as the standard set limit byWHO. Thus, indicating the possibility of contamination/pollution from the abattoir activities. However, average the values for the phosphates, sulphates and heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr) though slightly higher than those of the control site (ABPc) were all within the standard set limits by WHO and FEPA. Statistical correlation equally showed positive correlations between chloride and salinity (1.0000), phosphate and cadmium (0.9939), conductivity and iron (0.9485). Also, negative correlations were equally observed between sulphate/chloride and sulphate/salinity with same values of -0.9192. Therefore abattoir activities within Port Harcourt metropolis imparts negatively on the arable soil and measures should be put in place for proper control.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Carburization is a thermo-chemical treatment generally employed to enhance the
surface (wear) properties of low carbon steels. The recent carburization studies also
focus considerable positive impact on bulk properties like tensile strength and
toughness. In view of these observations, the present study focuses on mechanical
properties and microstructure of carburized steels. Accordingly, the commercially
available three types of case hardenable steels like plain carbon (EN 3), alloy steels
with only ferrite stabilizer (20MnCr5) and with both ferrite (Cr) and austenite (Ni)
stabilizers (EN 353) were initially normalized to standardize the room temperature
structure before carburizing and machined to ASTM standards to prepare the
specimens. The machined specimens were gas carburized using carburizing furnace
for 2.5 mm case depth and furnace cooled. Tensile and hardness tests were conducted
before and after carburization. The plain carbon steel displayed slight reduction in
tensile strength and the steels with alloying elements increased the tensile strength
considerably. It was also found that Ni and Cr restrict the grain growth and increase
the strength of steel even in furnace cooled condition. Microstructure analysis of
carburized steels revealed markable impact on the type and distribution of room
temperature phases. The carbon content in the case was nearly 0.8 wt. % after
carburization and hardness increase in the surface ranges from 130 to 170% as that
of its original hardness. The combined effect of Ni and Cr also improves
hardenability.
Diffusion Bonding of Semi-Solid (SSM 356) Cast Aluminum AlloyIJMER
A new technique to achieve the globular weld structure of SSM 356 aluminum alloy was
conducted. The effect of joining parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion
bonding butt joints of semi-solid SSM 356 aluminum alloy was investigated by conditions as follows:
compressive pressure at 0.4, 0.9, 1.8, 2.4 and 2.7 MPa, with holding time 3 hours and temperature at
495oC under argon atmosphere at 4 liters per minute. The results showed that the compressive pressure
1.8 MPa, with holding time 3 hours and temperature 495oC, under argon atmosphere provided the highest
joint strength to 124.48 MPa. In addition, the results of the investigation have shown that the joint
efficiency was 72 percent compared with base metal and microstructure in weld zone (WZ) after welding
becomes globular structure. This microstructure, similar to the original structure of the base material, is a
globular structure but the grain size can grow at a higher temperature
— Heat exchangers included in air conditioning systems for aircraft are produced by brazing stamped thin alloys sheets made of nickel-based alloys, Alloy 600 and Ni 201, or stainless steel, AISI 444. Separation metal sheets and locking bars of Alloy 625 are used to complete the system. The brazing filler metal, mainly composed of nickel, manganese, silicon and copper, is referred as BNi-8. In order to control brazing process, a good knowledge of both the brazing filler metal metallurgical behavior and of the interaction with the base metal is essential. The study of the brazing filler metal melting behavior in itself reveals that the melting point is highly dependent on the chemical composition and especially on silicon content. Microstructures analysis showed the presence of several phases with significant differences in terms of mechanical properties at a small scale which could induce local embrittlement. Interactions between the brazing filler metal and the different alloys constitutive of the assembly induce chemical composition evolutions related to the local configuration of the assembly. Dissolution and interdiffusion processes as well as chemical exchanges with the furnace environment occur. Finally, due to this set of phenomena, significant brazing defects can affect the mechanical integrity of the component.
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium AlloyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium alloys are used for important
applications in reducing the weight of the component and
structure particularly associated with transport, marine,
and aerospace fields. Grain refinement by scandium (Sc)
addition can eliminate the casting defects and increase the
resistance to hot tearing for high strength aluminium alloys.
FSP for cast aluminium alloys have been focused and it has
great advantages including solid state microstructural
evolution, altering mechanical properties by optimizing
process parameters. These parameters are tool rotational
speeds (720, and 1000 rpm), traverse speeds (80, and 70
mm/min), and axial compressive force at 15 kN, etc. The
mechanical properties had been evaluated on FSPed
aluminium alloy with different microstructural conditions.
Fracture properties of aluminium alloys are very important
for industrial applications. Tensile and fracture toughness
properties were correlated to microstructural and
fractographic features of the aluminium alloys need to
explore their essential failure mechanisms.
Crimson Publishers-Micro Structural Features Induced by Sheet Hydroforming of...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Micro Structural Features Induced by Sheet Hydroforming of Non- Ferrous Metals and Alloys by Forouhandeh F in Research & Development in Material Science
In this paper, joining of aluminum alloy 6061 as annealed and austenitic stainless
steel AISI 304L was carried out by furnace brazing at (620 and under protection of
argon gas. Lap joints of AA 6061/AISI 304L were investigated with AlSi12, and
AlSi10Cu4 filler alloys in form of paste using different brazing times (5, 10, 15, and 20
min). The optimum shear strength of the joint reached to (3.36 KN) at (10 min) using
AlSi12 filler alloy. While, the maximum shear strength of the joint with AlSi10Cu4
filler alloy reached to (2.59 KN) at (15 min). In addition, microhardness of the
interfacial layer of the joint with filler AlSi10Cu4 was higher than the microhardness
value of the interfacial layer of the joint with AlSi12 filler alloy at the same brazing
conditions. For each filler, at brazing time (5 min), lap joints were weak with
minimum shear strength. Finally, the corrosion behavior of brazing joints in 3.5%
NaCl was studied to evaluate the rate of corrosion for brazing joints. The minimum
corrosion rate is achieved (0.005209mpy) (1.68 by (10 min) using AlSi12 filler
alloy. Grey relational analysis (GRA) based on Taguchi method was applied using
two factors, brazing time (T) and filler type (F) with four levels. The results showed
that the variation of brazing time is the most affective parameter on the shear force,
corrosion rate, and microhardness of the interfacial reaction layer. While, the type of
filler alloy is slightly affective on the output response. In addition, these results
manifested that the Taguchi based grey relational approach improves the properties
of the output response of the joined AA 6061 and AISI 304L.
The behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete after heat resistanceIJERA Editor
This study is trying to provide the behavior of concrete when additional fibers are added under the effect of
evaluated temperatures. Three types of polypropylene fibers are used with different length respectively 3 mm, 6
mm and 12 mm and two types of steel fibers are used of length respectively of 3cm and 5 cm. Hybrid specimens
of concrete are prepared by using two different combinations: 0.5% steel fibers in combination with 0.2%
polypropylene fibers by the volume of concrete; and 0.25% of steel fibers in combination with 0.1%
polypropylene fibers by the volume of concrete. The specimens were subject to different temperatures. An
electric furnace was used to heat the specimens up to 200 0C, 400 0C and 600 0C. The mass loss and compressive
strength were determined by using twelve different mixtures.
DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL PARTICLE AND TRIPLE PAR...ijmech
The this work the study on hardness and wear behaviour of dual particle and triple particle size Alumina (Al2O3) reinforced aluminium alloy based metal matrix composite (Al2O3-Al MMC) was carried out. AlMMCs were prepared using 10 vol% Al2O3 reinforcement into aluminium metal matrix and developed using stir casting process. Stir casting is a most suitable process for the production of particulate MMC in which the reinforcement is introduced in to the molten matrix material with simultaneous stirring. The reinforcement in the range of particle size with Dual particle and Triple particle at 10% olume fraction with range from coarse to fine size were used (210µ, 180µ, 80µ & 10µ).The hardness of the composite was
determined by Vickers hardness tester and Brinell Hardness Tester. Tensile strength was determined by Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The wear rate was found by pin-on-disc type wear testing machine with steel disc of 60HRC hardness in dry sliding condition. Wear test was conducted on all the samples
at speeds of 300,600 and 900 rpm by varying the load (2kg, 4kg, 6kg & 8kg) at a constant sliding distance of 55mm. The wear track studies were carried out by optical microscope .The test results showed that Dual particle composite and triple particle composite exhibited better hardness compared to as cast AL- 7075. Strength of Triple particle reinforced MMC was found to be higher than that of dual particle reinforced composite material. The wear resistance properties of dual particle MMC was higher compared to triple particle reinforced MMC. The secondary process will further enhances the wear resistance of the composite and also that heat treatment will promote the wear resistance.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and Alumina Reinforced Aluminium ...IOSR Journals
The results of an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of fly ash and Alumina
reinforced aluminium alloy (LM25) composites samples, processed by stir casting route are reported in this
paper. Three sets of composites with constant weight fraction of fly ash (particle size of 3-100 μm) and
Al2O3(particle size of 150 μm) with different wt% were used. Composite samples have the reinforcement weight
fractions of constant 3% fly Ash and varying %wt of 5, 10 and 15% Al2O3 . The main mechanical properties
studied were the tensile strength,ductilityimpact strength & hardness. Unreinforced LM25 samples were also
tested for the same properties. It was found that the tensile strength & hardness of the aluminium alloy (Lm25)
composites increases with the increase in %wt of Al2O3 upto certain limit. in addition of more amount of
reinforcement the Tensile strength decrease due to poor wettability of the reinforced material with metal
aluminium matrix .And the charpy test shows decrease in impact load absorption with increase in %weight
reinforcement.The Microstructure study of the samples indicated near uniform distribution of the fly ash and
Al2O3 particles in the matrix. LM25 alloy is mainly used where good mechanical properties are required in
castings of a shape or dimensions requiring an alloy of excellent castability in order to achieve the desired
standard of soundness.The alloy is also used where resistance to corrosion is an important consideration
particularly where highstrength is also required.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
The Recycling of Steel and Brass Chips to Produce Composite Materials via Cold Pressing and Sintering
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 5 || Issue || 5 || Pages || PP -01-06 || 2016 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 1
The Recycling of Steel and Brass Chips to Produce Composite
Materials via Cold Pressing and Sintering
Hakan Burak KARADAĞ1
, Tuba BAHTLI1
, Memduh KARA2
1
Necmettin Erbakan University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
42090, Konya-Turkey
2
Corresponding Author, Necmettin Erbakan University, Seydişehir Ahmet Cengiz Engineering Faculty,
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 42002 Seydişehir, Konya, Turkey
-----------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
In this study a novel method of direct conversion of brass (CuZn30) and steel (S355JR) chips into finished
product without melting is introduced as an alternative to melting process. CuZn30 Brass and S355JR steel
chips were used as constituents of composite materials. The chips were cold pressed at room temperature and
were subjected to liquid phase sinterization. Hardness, compression and three point bending tests were used to
investigate the mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials and compared with cast CuZn30
brass. The produced composite materials are shown to have comparable mechanical properties with bulk brass.
It is also shown that the proposed method can be considered as an alternative to conventional production
methods such as melting, extrusion ect. with relatively low costs.
Keywords: Recycling, Sintered brass-steel chips, Metallic composites
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 19 April 2016 Date of Accepted: 05 May 2016
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Recycling of metals has been becoming an essential subject, lately due to the fact that the depleted
resources, high energy consumption and harmful gases emission. In the industry, the majority of waste materials
are the metal chips fell out during machining. In general recycling, the metal chips are melted and then casted.
During this process, the materials are subjected to oxidation and degradation. Besides, melting process is low
efficiency process which requires additional costs such as energy consumption cost of labor, harmful gas
emission etc. However, waste chips can be converted into compacted composite materials without melting [1-4]
in which metal chips are cut to form small particles which can be easily cold pressed and sintered. It is reported
that this recycling procedure can be applied to iron, copper and aluminum alloys and cast iron [5-7].
In this study, as an alternative to melting method, a novel method of recycling has been introduced for
production of brass / steel composite materials. The method of powder metallurgy requires very fine particles
which are hard to obtain and expensive. The proposed method utilizes only waste metal chips which are cheap
in comparison with metallic powders. So, this method is an economical and environmentalist approach for
utilization of waste.
In this study, a metal matrix composite material was produced by the proposed method by using
S355JR steel chips and the CuZn30 brass chips and the mechanical properties of produced composite were
investigated. The composite material produced with two different brass content. After the production the
compression strength and the bending strength are obtained and compared with those of industrial cast CuZn30
brass.
II. MATERIALS AND METHOD
The metal chips firstly sifted with a sieve with 800µm cells (20 mesh)(Fig.1 and 2). After that the chips
were cleaned by acetone in order to get rid of oil debris on the surface. The chemical compositions of metallic
chips are shown in Tables 1-2. The composite materials were produced with two different brass/steel content as
shown in Table 3. The composite materials were named by using constituent’s contents as in Table 3.
2. The Recycling of Steel and Brass Chips to Produce…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 2
Figure 1. Saw chips of S355JR steel
Figure 2. Saw chips of CuZn30 brass
Table 1. Chemical composition of S355JR steel (by % weight)
Material C Si Mn P(max) S(max) N Fe
S355JR 0.24 0.55 1.60 0.040 0.040 0.009 Remaining
Table 2. Chemical composition of CuZn30 brass (by % weight)
Material Cu Zn Pbmax Femax Ni
CuZn30 69-71 31-29 0.05 0.05 0.20
Table 3. Weight percentage of composite material
Constituents (%) 7030 5050
CuZn30 70 50
S355JR 30 50
The metal chips were stirred by a mixer for 25 minutes in order to achieve adequate homogeneity.
After the mixing the chips were pressed at ambient temperature. The pressing pressure was selected as 1GPa for
compression specimens and 450 MPa for bending specimens so that the porosity ratio of the composite
materials is obtained 20%. After that the raw samples were sintered at 940°C for 1h and then machined to
standard dimensions by using conventional lathe and milling machine. The compression tests and three point
bending tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM E9-89a and ASTM E290-97a respectively which
proposes dimensions of 13mm diameter and 39 mm height for compression test and 13mmX13mmX70mm for
three point bending specimens. (Fig. 3)
Figure 3. Specimens for compression and three point bending tests
3. The Recycling of Steel and Brass Chips to Produce…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 3
2.1 Test set up and Procedure
Compression test
The compression tests were repeated three times for consistency and force-displacement curves were
obtained for all specimens. This data were utilized for obtaining true stress and strain values by using
0
2
0
'
4
hd
Fh
true
, '
0
ln
h
h
true
where h0, d0, F and h’ represents initial height, initial diameter, applied force and instantaneous height
respectively.
Three point bending test
The bending tests were done in accordance with ASTM (E290-97a) standard which stipulates 55 mm
span width and diameter of support of 8 mm. The bending force was applied on the surface where the
compressive force was applied during production. During the tests the force –displacement variation were
recorded and the variations were obtained in graphical form.
Surface hardness
After the production, the hardness of composite materials has been measured by using Brinell Test. A
steel sphere with diameter of 5mm was indented under 250 Kgf. The reason why that diameter has been selected
is for representing both the constituents and pores at the same region and obtaining the material’s more
accurately.
III. RESULTS
The mechanical properties of composite materials are seen in Table 4 and the true stress-true strain
curves are seen in Fig.4.
It is seen in Table 4 that the 5050 composites showed the lowest Young modulus and both composites
have showed Young module which are approximately 50% lower than cast brass.
As seen in this figure the cast brass showed the highest strength. It is concluded that the pores within
composite materials create stress concentration and lower the strength levels for both 7030 and 5050 composites
under compression. A similar behavior is observed for yield strengths.
It is also seen in Fig.4 that the composite materials show true strain at fracture considerably higher than that of
cast brass. It is concluded that the porous structure of the composite can greatly increase the strain during
compression test. This situation has led to an increase of 50 % for 5050 composites and 60% for 7030
composites.
It is seen in Table 4 that the toughness values of composites are lower than that of cast brass. It is
concluded that this situation generally arises form porous structure of composites which creates stress
concentration and results in decreased strength. However the 7030 composites show relatively high toughness
due to increased brass content which can create an envelope over steel chips and result in increased ductility.
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
TrueStress(MPa)
True Strain
CuZn30
7030
5050
Figure 4. True stress-true strain curves for cast CuZn30
4. The Recycling of Steel and Brass Chips to Produce…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 4
Table 4. Mechanical properties of Composite materials (Tested under compression loading)
Fig. 5 shows the force-displacement variation for three point bending loading. It is seen in this figure
that the composites showed lower resistance to bending loads than that of cast brass. It is also seen that the
composites showed approximately the same resistance to bending loads. It s concluded that this behavior arises
from the fact that when the composites subjected to bending, the deformation concentrates at tensile side and
pores within composites plays an important role. These pores also restrict the deformation and result in low
displacement as seen in Fig. 5.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Force(KN)
Displacement (mm)
CuZn30
7030
5050
Figure 5. Force-displacement curves for cast CuZn30 brass and composite materials under three point bending.
Figure 6. Variation of surface hardness
Figure 6 shows surface hardness of bulk brass and composite materials. As seen in this figure the bulk
brass is harder than that of composite materials as expected. This is mainly due to the pore content of composite
materials which is approximately 22%.
As seen fig.6. the material become softer with increasing steel content. This is mainly due to the fact
that increasing steel content decreases the amount of brass which act as matrix material resulting in lack of
adhesion between steel particles and reduces the resistance to plastic deformation at the surface.
Figures 7-8 shows the microstructures of composite materials after three points bending test. It is seen
in these figures that during liquid phase sinterization the brass chips are partially melt and creates an envelope
around the steel chips. This situation leads a good bonding between steel and brass chips and lead to structural
integrity.
Samples
Young’s
Modulus
(GPa)
Yield
Strength
(MPa)
Comp.
Strength
(MPa)
Strain at
fracture
(%)
Toughness
(J/m3
)
70-30 49.6 73.21 343.1 43 102.6
50-50 41.3 39.2 267.4 41 70.1
CuZn30 111 249.3 516.1 27 111.2
5. The Recycling of Steel and Brass Chips to Produce…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 5
Figure 7. Microstructure of 5050 composite after three points bending test
Figure 8. Microstructure of 7030 composite after three points bending test
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS
In the paper the method of direct conversion of brass and steel chips, into finished product without
melting, as an alternative way to conventional method is described. The proposed method is cheap, green and
alternative to conventional methods. After the production the materials were subjected to compression, three
points bending and hardness tests. Finally the fracture surfaces were evaluated by optical microscopy.
It is concluded that the brass constituent creates a positive effect on ductility when tested under
compression. Mainly due to the fact that the shear motion as a result of compression generally occurs on brass
particles which easily slips. On the other hand the pores with in material restrict the shear motion of the material
when tested under three points bending test.
It is concluded that the mechanical properties of the composite materials mainly depends on
mechanical response of brass constituents and adhesion between brass and steel particles.
It is observed that the produced composite materials have mechanical properties which are comparable with cast
brass.
The authors are planning to conduct new research to determine if those materials can be considered as
both bearing and friction materials.
REFERENCES
[1] Direct recycling of aluminum chips into extruded products. J.Z. Gronostajski, J.W. Kaczmar, H. Marciniak, A. Matuszak.
1997, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 64-149-156.
[2] New methods of aluminium and aluminium-alloy chips recycling. J.Z. Gronostajski, H. Marciniak, A. Matuszak. 2000, Journal
of Materials Processing Technology 106-34-39.
[3] Recycling of aluminium swarf by direct incorporation in aluminium melts. H. Pugaa, J. Barbosaa, D. Soares, F.Silva, S.
Ribeiro. 2009 Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209 5195–5203.
[4] Recycling of aluminium alloy and aluminium matrix composite chips by pressing and hot extrusion. J.B. Fogagnolo, E.M. Ruiz-
Navas, M.A. Simón, M.A. Martinez. 2003, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 143–144 792–795.
[5] The Recycling of Metals. J. Gronostajski, H. Marciniak, A. Matuszak. 1994, Proceedings of the II International Conference on
Amsterdam
[6] Direct recycling of aluminium chips into extruded products. J.Z. Gronostajski, J. Kaczmar, H. Marciniak, A. Matuszak,
1995, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Technology, AMT’95, Zakopane.
[7] Bearing materials obtained by recycling of aluminium and aluminium bronze chips. J.Z. Gronostajski, W. Chmura, Z.
Gronostajski. 2002, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 125-126, 483-490.
6. The Recycling of Steel and Brass Chips to Produce…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 6
Biographies
Dr. Hakan Burak KARADAĞ
Dr. Hakan Burak KARADAĞ, born in 1979, received his PhD in 2012 from Selcuk University, Konya,
Turkey. Presently, he works as Assistant Professor in the Department of Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering Dept., Faculty Of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
His areas of interest focus on the Metallic composite materials and powder metallurgy process.
Dr. Tuba BAHTLI
Dr. Tuba Bahtlı (Aksoy) was graduated from ‘Department of Material Science and Engineering’ from
Anadolu University in Turkey and also completed her PhD education in ‘Ceramic Engineering’ in Anadolu
University. She’s been working as an assistant professor in Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, in Turkey
since 2013. Her main interests are Refractories, Ceramics, Composites, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Shock
Behaviour, Corrosion.
Dr. Memduh KARA
Dr. Memduh KARA, born in 1980, received his PhD in 2012 from Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Presently, he works as Assistant Professor in the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
Seydişehir Ahmet Cengiz Engineering Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey. His areas of
interest focus on the mechanical properties and impact behavior of composite materials.