It is our belief that teams and individuals are most effective when they are presented with a range of communications options and clear information on which will be most effective at any given time. Knowing the communications preferences of your team members, and being able to see their status or ‘presence’ in advance of making contact can have a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of team working and knowledge sharing. Simple and instant access to a range of rich communications options that brings together text, voice and video allows individuals and groups to benefit from much of the additional information that co-located teams take for granted – without the hassle-factor of booking specialist facilities.
The document summarizes employee/organizational communication, outlining its importance and describing basic internal communication processes, networks, and channels. It highlights issues in current practices and concludes with 15 principles of effective communication. The summary provides an overview of the topic, discusses why internal communication matters, and outlines communication processes, networks, channels, and evolution over time based on different theoretical approaches.
This document discusses communication in organizations. It defines organizational communication as the process of coordinating activities to reach individual and organizational goals. Communication in organizations can be formal through chains of command or informal like gossip. There are also different types like horizontal between peers, vertical up and down hierarchies, and diagonal between different departments. Modern organizations aim for boundaryless communication where information flows freely to where it is needed. Proper communication structures and processes help organizations grow through better performance, relationships and decision-making.
Hospitality Supervision And Management
We Also Provide SYNOPSIS AND PROJECT.
Contact www.kimsharma.co.in for best and lowest cost solution or
Email: amitymbaassignment@gmail.com
Call: 9971223030
The document discusses the role of technology in internal communications. It argues that while internal communications are important, companies are often slow to adopt new communication tools like virtual teams, social media, and intranets. It provides an overview of these tools and their benefits, such as allowing remote collaboration, engaging employees, and sharing important company information. The document also addresses reasons for companies' reluctance to change and argues that adapting new tools can help attract talent, increase investment returns, and improve communication as companies expand globally.
Organizational Communication. Trevor Alston's slides and 8 referencestrev2727
This document discusses organizational communication and different communication networks within organizations. It defines organizational communication as people working together to achieve individual or collective goals. It also outlines some key functions of organizational communication, including compliance, leading, problem-solving, and conflict management. The document then describes different types of communication networks, including chain and wheel networks, and discusses how communication has evolved with new electronic media.
TOPICS INVOLVED:
1. The Challenge of OrganizationalCommunication
2. Decision-Making Processes
3. Conflict Management Processes
4. Organizational Change and Leadership Processes
5. PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE
1) Communication is key for any organization to function effectively as it allows for coordination between people and departments to work towards common goals.
2) There are two main perspectives for viewing organizational communication - the technical theory, which focuses on transmitting messages efficiently via technology, and the meaning-centered theory, which considers all human interactions and relationships.
3) Effective communication is important for an organization to innovate, enhance its performance, coordinate activities, and ultimately achieve its objectives. It also improves employee satisfaction and promotion opportunities. Barriers to communication can severely damage an organization.
The document summarizes employee/organizational communication, outlining its importance and describing basic internal communication processes, networks, and channels. It highlights issues in current practices and concludes with 15 principles of effective communication. The summary provides an overview of the topic, discusses why internal communication matters, and outlines communication processes, networks, channels, and evolution over time based on different theoretical approaches.
This document discusses communication in organizations. It defines organizational communication as the process of coordinating activities to reach individual and organizational goals. Communication in organizations can be formal through chains of command or informal like gossip. There are also different types like horizontal between peers, vertical up and down hierarchies, and diagonal between different departments. Modern organizations aim for boundaryless communication where information flows freely to where it is needed. Proper communication structures and processes help organizations grow through better performance, relationships and decision-making.
Hospitality Supervision And Management
We Also Provide SYNOPSIS AND PROJECT.
Contact www.kimsharma.co.in for best and lowest cost solution or
Email: amitymbaassignment@gmail.com
Call: 9971223030
The document discusses the role of technology in internal communications. It argues that while internal communications are important, companies are often slow to adopt new communication tools like virtual teams, social media, and intranets. It provides an overview of these tools and their benefits, such as allowing remote collaboration, engaging employees, and sharing important company information. The document also addresses reasons for companies' reluctance to change and argues that adapting new tools can help attract talent, increase investment returns, and improve communication as companies expand globally.
Organizational Communication. Trevor Alston's slides and 8 referencestrev2727
This document discusses organizational communication and different communication networks within organizations. It defines organizational communication as people working together to achieve individual or collective goals. It also outlines some key functions of organizational communication, including compliance, leading, problem-solving, and conflict management. The document then describes different types of communication networks, including chain and wheel networks, and discusses how communication has evolved with new electronic media.
TOPICS INVOLVED:
1. The Challenge of OrganizationalCommunication
2. Decision-Making Processes
3. Conflict Management Processes
4. Organizational Change and Leadership Processes
5. PROCESSES OF EMOTION IN THE WORKPLACE
1) Communication is key for any organization to function effectively as it allows for coordination between people and departments to work towards common goals.
2) There are two main perspectives for viewing organizational communication - the technical theory, which focuses on transmitting messages efficiently via technology, and the meaning-centered theory, which considers all human interactions and relationships.
3) Effective communication is important for an organization to innovate, enhance its performance, coordinate activities, and ultimately achieve its objectives. It also improves employee satisfaction and promotion opportunities. Barriers to communication can severely damage an organization.
This document discusses different types of organizational communication. It describes formal communication as flowing through prescribed channels, including vertical communication up and down the hierarchy as well as horizontal communication between peers. It notes limitations of downward, upward, and horizontal formal communication. Informal communication is defined as occurring through nonofficial channels, including the grapevine, which is an informal method of spreading information.
3. Implications For Organizational Structure, Culture And Managementmctripletwo
This document discusses the consequences of technology on organizational structure and management. It notes that technology allows for rapid communication and information sharing but also poses security and relationship risks. New technologies require PR practitioners to work faster and acquire new technical skills. Virtual teams are now common and require flexible management approaches that consider team members outside the organization and in various locations. Technology enables knowledge sharing across boundaries but also challenges existing jobs and skills.
The Use Of Communication Technology For Organizational CommunicationD.J.Mann
The document discusses communication in organizations and how it is fundamental to their success. It covers different types of communication networks like chain, wheel, star and all channel patterns that describe how information flows. It also addresses how technology aids organizational communication through email, video conferencing, and intranets. Interpersonal communication is highlighted as important for developing employees and establishing roles. The document concludes that there are many forms of organizational communication and it cannot exist without communication.
Organizational communication english reporrtKevin III
Organizational communication refers to communication within organizations like businesses and non-profits. It includes formal communication structures like downward, upward, and horizontal communication as well as informal communication networks. Organizational communication is important as it (1) promotes motivation by informing employees, (2) provides information for decision-making, and (3) helps shape employee attitudes. Effective organizational communication is essential for the functioning and success of organizations.
This document discusses various aspects of communication in human behavior and organizations. It covers the functions of communication, the communication process, directions of communication, interpersonal communication methods, formal and informal organizational communication networks, electronic communication tools, barriers to effective communication, and global implications of cultural differences. Paying attention to factors like communication channels, listening skills, feedback, and cultural awareness can help improve communication effectiveness in organizations.
Organizational communication (sadiq shariff10@hotmail.com)Sadiq Shariff
The document discusses communication in organizations. It defines communication as conveying opinions, feelings, information and ideas through words, body language or signs. Effective communication is significant for managers to perform functions like planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Communication helps in employee motivation, managing people and organizations, and controlling processes. Communication can be internal between employees or external between the organization and outside parties. The 7 C's of communication are completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, courtesy and correctness.
Organizational Communication (Key Distinctions)Mira Magnaye
Presentation covers the directions of the communication, comparison between internal and external communications, and their significance in the organization.
Effective Communication- Organizational BehaviorTosif Mir
The document discusses how different organizations adapt to different communication media. It analyzes data on employee preferences for communication methods like email, phone calls, and video conferencing. The results show that marketing employees prefer email most while educational institutions prefer face-to-face interactions. Creative jobs were found to be more rewarding with lower effort levels compared to non-creative jobs. Female employees felt less satisfied in their jobs but worked harder and saw themselves as team players compared to males, who were more satisfied but less hardworking.
This document discusses organizational communication and Rensis Likert's four systems of management. It defines organizational communication as the process of coordinating activities within a group to achieve individual and collective goals. It also describes Likert's four systems ranging from exploitative authoritative to participative group management. The most productive system is the participative group management system where communication flows openly in all directions and decisions are made through group processes.
Business Communication_Parakramesh Jaroli_Pacific UniversityParakramesh Jaroli
Business communication is the exchange of information within or between organizations to promote products, services or ideas. It involves the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver through various channels. Effective business communication is essential for sharing information, making decisions, facilitating change and achieving organizational goals.
Formal communication in an organization involves the sharing of official information through appropriate channels. There are different types of formal communication including downward communication from high to low levels of authority, upward communication from low to high levels, and horizontal communication between equal levels. Formal communication can be oral, written, or use visual aids and plays an important role in sharing information needed to coordinate activities across departments in an organized manner.
The “Course Topics” series from Manage Train Learn and Slide Topics is a collection of over 4000 slides that will help you master a wide range of management and personal development skills. The 202 PowerPoints in this series offer you a complete and in-depth study of each topic. This presentation is on "Communication Networks".
Communicating more effectively in your organization May 2012Timothy Holden
This document provides an overview of effective communication strategies for organizations. It discusses key concepts like the systems of communication, points to consider when communicating change, the nine stages of an effective message, best practices for meetings, utilizing employee voice, and age-related communication challenges. Organizational behavior teachings emphasize communication as a two-way process, with strong listening skills and addressing barriers like groupthink. Effective presentations involve owning the space while staying relaxed. Overall the document offers guidance on internal communication mediums, delivering messages, and engaging employees at different levels.
The document discusses formal and informal communication networks in organizations. It identifies techniques to encourage informal communication such as emphasizing informality, maintaining intense communication, and providing physical support. It also discusses the different directions of communication - upward, downward, and horizontal. The HR department establishes internal communication policies and provides an employee handbook to communicate policies, rules, benefits and ensure consistent application of HRM policies. Key aspects of communication are also defined, including exchange of information, noise, feedback, encoding and decoding.
Organizational communication is complex and varied but important for organizational success. It occurs at micro, meso, and macro levels both formally and informally. Effective communication is key for informing, directing, regulating, socializing, and persuading others. It helps with compliance, leadership, motivation, decision-making, and conflict management. Communication technologies continue to impact organizational structures and processes.
The document discusses organizational communication and behavior. It defines communication, explores the importance of good communication in organizations, and examines communication processes, issues, barriers, and networks. It also analyzes new communication technologies, how they affect behavior, and defensive versus non-defensive communication styles. Key topics covered include the definition of communication, importance of communication for efficiency, quality and innovation, verbal and nonverbal communication, formal and informal communication networks, and technological advances in organizational communication.
This is a student presentation researched and designed by Organizational Communication graduate Lynette Clower during her senior year. The portfolio discusses the portrayed image and identiy of a UCO campus department over a five month period.
Organizational Communication is:
A dynamic area of expertise which encompasses the foundations of communication theories, policy and practice, and human understanding.
Organizational communication involves the flow of information within a company through both formal and informal channels. Formal communication includes downward communication from managers to employees, as well as upward communication from employees to managers. Informal communication occurs through the grapevine, which spreads rumors and information quickly but can distort or exaggerate details. Effective organizational communication requires understanding different communication styles, providing clear and timely information to address issues, and utilizing both formal and informal channels to supplement each other.
Upward communication refers to the flow of information from lower levels to upper levels in an organizational hierarchy. It allows employees to express their requirements, ideas, and feelings to management. For managers, upward communication provides important information for decision-making and alerts them to potential issues or needed changes in the organization. When used effectively, it can improve employee engagement, coordination, and relations between managers and subordinates.
This document defines novels as lengthy fictional narratives that deal with human experience through connected events involving characters in a specific setting. It also defines modern novels as lengthy fictional narratives written in prose that present realistic characters and events. Additionally, it lists basic literary terms like plot, setting, point of view, and characters as well as other terms like theme, tone, and symbol.
The document is a curriculum vitae for Muhammad Imran. It summarizes his education, including a bachelor's degree in Mechatronics Engineering from Air University. It describes his final year project on an automatic fire extinguishing system. It outlines his technical skills and internship experiences in fields like power generation and weapons production. It also provides details on his current role installing and maintaining radiology equipment. The CV aims to showcase Imran's qualifications for progressive and challenging organizational roles.
El documento presenta ejemplos de introducciones para ensayos. Una buena introducción debe captar la atención del lector, presentar el tema principal y dar una idea general de lo que se discutirá.
This document discusses different types of organizational communication. It describes formal communication as flowing through prescribed channels, including vertical communication up and down the hierarchy as well as horizontal communication between peers. It notes limitations of downward, upward, and horizontal formal communication. Informal communication is defined as occurring through nonofficial channels, including the grapevine, which is an informal method of spreading information.
3. Implications For Organizational Structure, Culture And Managementmctripletwo
This document discusses the consequences of technology on organizational structure and management. It notes that technology allows for rapid communication and information sharing but also poses security and relationship risks. New technologies require PR practitioners to work faster and acquire new technical skills. Virtual teams are now common and require flexible management approaches that consider team members outside the organization and in various locations. Technology enables knowledge sharing across boundaries but also challenges existing jobs and skills.
The Use Of Communication Technology For Organizational CommunicationD.J.Mann
The document discusses communication in organizations and how it is fundamental to their success. It covers different types of communication networks like chain, wheel, star and all channel patterns that describe how information flows. It also addresses how technology aids organizational communication through email, video conferencing, and intranets. Interpersonal communication is highlighted as important for developing employees and establishing roles. The document concludes that there are many forms of organizational communication and it cannot exist without communication.
Organizational communication english reporrtKevin III
Organizational communication refers to communication within organizations like businesses and non-profits. It includes formal communication structures like downward, upward, and horizontal communication as well as informal communication networks. Organizational communication is important as it (1) promotes motivation by informing employees, (2) provides information for decision-making, and (3) helps shape employee attitudes. Effective organizational communication is essential for the functioning and success of organizations.
This document discusses various aspects of communication in human behavior and organizations. It covers the functions of communication, the communication process, directions of communication, interpersonal communication methods, formal and informal organizational communication networks, electronic communication tools, barriers to effective communication, and global implications of cultural differences. Paying attention to factors like communication channels, listening skills, feedback, and cultural awareness can help improve communication effectiveness in organizations.
Organizational communication (sadiq shariff10@hotmail.com)Sadiq Shariff
The document discusses communication in organizations. It defines communication as conveying opinions, feelings, information and ideas through words, body language or signs. Effective communication is significant for managers to perform functions like planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Communication helps in employee motivation, managing people and organizations, and controlling processes. Communication can be internal between employees or external between the organization and outside parties. The 7 C's of communication are completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, courtesy and correctness.
Organizational Communication (Key Distinctions)Mira Magnaye
Presentation covers the directions of the communication, comparison between internal and external communications, and their significance in the organization.
Effective Communication- Organizational BehaviorTosif Mir
The document discusses how different organizations adapt to different communication media. It analyzes data on employee preferences for communication methods like email, phone calls, and video conferencing. The results show that marketing employees prefer email most while educational institutions prefer face-to-face interactions. Creative jobs were found to be more rewarding with lower effort levels compared to non-creative jobs. Female employees felt less satisfied in their jobs but worked harder and saw themselves as team players compared to males, who were more satisfied but less hardworking.
This document discusses organizational communication and Rensis Likert's four systems of management. It defines organizational communication as the process of coordinating activities within a group to achieve individual and collective goals. It also describes Likert's four systems ranging from exploitative authoritative to participative group management. The most productive system is the participative group management system where communication flows openly in all directions and decisions are made through group processes.
Business Communication_Parakramesh Jaroli_Pacific UniversityParakramesh Jaroli
Business communication is the exchange of information within or between organizations to promote products, services or ideas. It involves the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver through various channels. Effective business communication is essential for sharing information, making decisions, facilitating change and achieving organizational goals.
Formal communication in an organization involves the sharing of official information through appropriate channels. There are different types of formal communication including downward communication from high to low levels of authority, upward communication from low to high levels, and horizontal communication between equal levels. Formal communication can be oral, written, or use visual aids and plays an important role in sharing information needed to coordinate activities across departments in an organized manner.
The “Course Topics” series from Manage Train Learn and Slide Topics is a collection of over 4000 slides that will help you master a wide range of management and personal development skills. The 202 PowerPoints in this series offer you a complete and in-depth study of each topic. This presentation is on "Communication Networks".
Communicating more effectively in your organization May 2012Timothy Holden
This document provides an overview of effective communication strategies for organizations. It discusses key concepts like the systems of communication, points to consider when communicating change, the nine stages of an effective message, best practices for meetings, utilizing employee voice, and age-related communication challenges. Organizational behavior teachings emphasize communication as a two-way process, with strong listening skills and addressing barriers like groupthink. Effective presentations involve owning the space while staying relaxed. Overall the document offers guidance on internal communication mediums, delivering messages, and engaging employees at different levels.
The document discusses formal and informal communication networks in organizations. It identifies techniques to encourage informal communication such as emphasizing informality, maintaining intense communication, and providing physical support. It also discusses the different directions of communication - upward, downward, and horizontal. The HR department establishes internal communication policies and provides an employee handbook to communicate policies, rules, benefits and ensure consistent application of HRM policies. Key aspects of communication are also defined, including exchange of information, noise, feedback, encoding and decoding.
Organizational communication is complex and varied but important for organizational success. It occurs at micro, meso, and macro levels both formally and informally. Effective communication is key for informing, directing, regulating, socializing, and persuading others. It helps with compliance, leadership, motivation, decision-making, and conflict management. Communication technologies continue to impact organizational structures and processes.
The document discusses organizational communication and behavior. It defines communication, explores the importance of good communication in organizations, and examines communication processes, issues, barriers, and networks. It also analyzes new communication technologies, how they affect behavior, and defensive versus non-defensive communication styles. Key topics covered include the definition of communication, importance of communication for efficiency, quality and innovation, verbal and nonverbal communication, formal and informal communication networks, and technological advances in organizational communication.
This is a student presentation researched and designed by Organizational Communication graduate Lynette Clower during her senior year. The portfolio discusses the portrayed image and identiy of a UCO campus department over a five month period.
Organizational Communication is:
A dynamic area of expertise which encompasses the foundations of communication theories, policy and practice, and human understanding.
Organizational communication involves the flow of information within a company through both formal and informal channels. Formal communication includes downward communication from managers to employees, as well as upward communication from employees to managers. Informal communication occurs through the grapevine, which spreads rumors and information quickly but can distort or exaggerate details. Effective organizational communication requires understanding different communication styles, providing clear and timely information to address issues, and utilizing both formal and informal channels to supplement each other.
Upward communication refers to the flow of information from lower levels to upper levels in an organizational hierarchy. It allows employees to express their requirements, ideas, and feelings to management. For managers, upward communication provides important information for decision-making and alerts them to potential issues or needed changes in the organization. When used effectively, it can improve employee engagement, coordination, and relations between managers and subordinates.
This document defines novels as lengthy fictional narratives that deal with human experience through connected events involving characters in a specific setting. It also defines modern novels as lengthy fictional narratives written in prose that present realistic characters and events. Additionally, it lists basic literary terms like plot, setting, point of view, and characters as well as other terms like theme, tone, and symbol.
The document is a curriculum vitae for Muhammad Imran. It summarizes his education, including a bachelor's degree in Mechatronics Engineering from Air University. It describes his final year project on an automatic fire extinguishing system. It outlines his technical skills and internship experiences in fields like power generation and weapons production. It also provides details on his current role installing and maintaining radiology equipment. The CV aims to showcase Imran's qualifications for progressive and challenging organizational roles.
El documento presenta ejemplos de introducciones para ensayos. Una buena introducción debe captar la atención del lector, presentar el tema principal y dar una idea general de lo que se discutirá.
El documento habla sobre el impacto del software social en la educación. Explica que los blogs son creados y actualizados por usuarios comunes para compartir contenidos, formando así una "blogosfera". En el contexto educativo, los blogs permiten que la comunidad educativa como profesores, alumnos y padres compartan contenidos curriculares, formando una "blogosfera educativa". Algunos ejemplos de blogs educativos se mencionan al final.
La compañía CONSTRUCCION DE MAQUINARIA HOLDING se fundó en 2004 y produce herramientas de perforación y equipos de minería de alta calidad. La compañía ofrece una amplia gama de productos como martillos neumáticos, coronas de perforación, equipos de perforación y más. CONSTRUCCION DE MAQUINARIA HOLDING busca satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes y mejorar continuamente la rentabilidad de la minería a través de la innovación y el diálogo.
This document announces a graduation ceremony for Maricopa Skill Center students who have completed their programs. The ceremony will be held on February 6, 2015 from 2-3 PM at the Excellence Learning Center. Several speakers will address the graduates, including the Executive Director, Assistant Executive Director, and Director of Student Services from Maricopa Skill Center. The commencement speaker will be Edmundo Hidalgo from Chicanos Por La Causa. Graduates from the Business & Technology, Cosmetology, and Trades programs will then receive their certificates. Refreshments will be served after the ceremony.
The document provides an employability skills matrix for different levels of the Career Framework for Health in hospitals. It outlines the communication, math, IT, teamwork, and personal skills expected at each level from entry-level jobs to more senior roles. Level 3 requires knowledge of general concepts and contributing to service development while taking responsibility for self-development. The matrix is intended to help staff and employers identify skills needed for roles and support career progression.
Teaching media refers to resources used in the learning process to facilitate effective education for students and teachers. There are two types: non-technical media like blackboards and posters, and technical media like CD players and computers. Non-technical media have advantages of being low cost, widely available, and accessible in any setting. Technical media, while more expensive and complex, can provide authentic representations of the real world to enhance language learning. Overall, teaching media aim to address different learning styles and expose students to multiple input sources.
SWOT_Analysis_of_2_wheeler_automobile_industry_in_india, A_seminar_by_Mohan_K...Mohan Kumar G
This document outlines a seminar presentation on SWOT analysis. It begins with defining SWOT analysis as a structured planning method to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a project, business, or personal goals. It then covers the internal and external factors analyzed in a SWOT, how to construct a SWOT matrix, and when, how, and where SWOT analysis can be used. The document applies SWOT specifically to analyzing the Indian automobile industry and two-wheeler company Hero Motocorp, providing an overview of the company and conducting a SWOT analysis.
This document discusses barriers to effective collaboration in global virtual teams. It finds that the top three barriers are: 1) an inability to speak a common language well enough to get subtleties, 2) time zone differences, and 3) a lack of cultural understanding. Language barriers can lead to misunderstandings, as can a lack of non-verbal cues without face-to-face interaction. Differences in communication and decision-making styles between cultures also pose challenges. While virtual teams provide benefits like access to diverse skills and lower costs, overcoming these barriers through strategies like appointing cultural brokers and using video conferencing is important for team success.
Effective communication is essential for building strong teams and fostering collaboration. Some benefits of good communication include increased employee engagement, improved productivity, and the ability to resolve conflicts constructively. However, communication can break down if the proper audience is not identified, the right medium is not selected, or enough details are not provided. Developing trust between team members and openly discussing roles and responsibilities can strengthen communication.
BBA 2026, Organizational Communication 1 Course Learn.docxarnit1
BBA 2026, Organizational Communication 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Apply elements of the organizational communication process to enhance organizational
communication events.
2.1 Identify the categories of communication competencies.
2.2 Classify elements of the organizational communication process.
2.3 Categorize factors that define the communications eras.
4. Formulate effective strategies in overcoming real or perceived communication barriers within an
organization.
4.1 Discuss the effect that shared meaning has on organizational communication interactions.
6. Interpret nonverbal communication practices within an organization.
6.1 Identify the role of nonverbal communication as it relates to creating shared meaning
between speak and receiver.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1:
Organizational Communication: A Competency-Based Approach
Click here to access the Chapter 1 Presentation.
Click here to access a PDF version of the Chapter 1 Presentation.
In order to access the resources below, you must first log into the myCSU Student Portal and access the
Business Source Complete database within the CSU Online Library.
Emanoil, M., Ramona, T., & Lucia, F. (2013). Efficient organizational communication - A key to success.
Studies in Business & Economics, 8(2), 74-78.
Gentry, W. A., & Kuhnert, K. W. (2007). Sending signals: Nonverbal communication can speak volumes.
Leadership in Action, 27(5), 3-7
Lucas, E. (2009). Check the label. Professional Manager, 18(6), 22-25.
Tracy, B. (2014). Getting your ideas across. Supervision, 75(5), 14-16.
Unit Lesson
“No man is an island unto himself” is a saying that holds true in the study of organizational communication.
Think about the organizations in which people operate—businesses, civic groups, military, professional clubs,
religious organizations, and family units. No matter a person’s role, there will be a need to connect with others
to accomplish certain tasks and goals. In this unit, a foundation for understanding organizational
communication is laid by introducing the communication process and fundamental concepts that will be built
on throughout the course.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Building a Solid Foundation for
Organizational Communication
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/Courses/Business/BBA/BBA2026/14H/Chapter1_Presentation.ppsx
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/Courses/Business/BBA/BBA2026/14H/Chapter1_Presentation.pdf
BBA 2026, Organizational Communication 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Organizational Communication
Creating shared meaning is a result of effectively communicating with others (Shockley-Zalabak, 2015).
Organizational communication can be understood as the interactions required in directing a group toward a
common goal (Eisenberg, Goodall, & Trethewey, 2014). Those who can connect with others to creat ...
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable providing a case study analysis or response without the full context and details of the original document(s). Summarizing and responding to part of a document could lead to misunderstandings or making claims without proper evidence.
This document summarizes research on managing communication within virtual intercultural teams. It discusses challenges that can arise when communicating across cultures and using technology on virtual teams. Best practices are identified based on interviews with executives and feedback from graduate business students who worked on intercultural team projects. These include using technology effectively while also establishing rapport through initial face-to-face meetings, developing intercultural sensitivity and trust among team members, recognizing the value of diversity, and communicating with patience, respect and strong listening skills. The document provides strategies for virtual team communication and overcoming barriers related to language, culture and technology.
This document summarizes research on managing communication within virtual intercultural teams. It discusses challenges that can arise when communicating across cultures and using technology on virtual teams. Best practices are identified based on interviews with executives and feedback from graduate business students who worked on intercultural team projects. These strategies include using technology effectively while also establishing rapport through initial face-to-face meetings, developing intercultural sensitivity, building trust among team members, recognizing cultural differences, and employing patience and respect when communicating across cultures. The document provides examples of how these strategies can help overcome obstacles to effective virtual intercultural team communication.
The Use Of Communication Technology For Organizational CommunicationD.J.Mann
The document discusses communication in organizations and how it is fundamental to their success. It covers different types of communication networks like chain, wheel, star and all channel patterns that describe how information flows. It also addresses how technology aids organizational communication through email, video conferencing, and intranets. Interpersonal communication is highlighted as important for developing employees and establishing roles. The document concludes that there are many forms of organizational communication and it cannot exist without communication.
Elements of success in virtual collaborative teamsFrank Reynold
Today, a lot of organizations profit of the technological development to build a worldwide business taking advantage of the world market skills, save time and costs. These businesses that adopt such model use what is known as virtual collaboration between teams to link those geographically dispersed team members using technological channels such as chat, e-mail, instant messaging, video conferencing …etc.
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 4, Manuscript 3
Communication is critical for organizational performance. It transfers and conveys
information and ideas. Poor, lack of or limited communication has led to failure in achieving
purposes. Management and employees spend most of their time communicating. The purpose
of this study was to examine the role of communication policies in enhancing Kenyan public
universities performance. The objective was to examine the role of communication policies in
enhancing Kenyan public universities performance; a case of Masinde Muliro University of
Science and Technology (MMUST). It is hoped the findings and recommendations would
enlighten stakeholders to seriously consider communication policies for excellent
performance. The study population comprised of members of teaching, non-teaching staff
and student leaders.. The population stratified and randomly sampled to select 100
respondents. Questionnaires, interviews and content analysis were used for data collection.
Reliability was accepted at above 0.7. Validity was established through careful preparation
of items in instruments based on study objectives and by experts from the school of Human
Resource Development checking content validity. The data was analyzed and interpreted
using descriptive statistics and presented in pie charts and tables. Inferential statistics
involving one-way ANOVA, regression analysis and Chi Square test were used to establish
the significance and associations of the study variables. Findings shown that communication
policies have a direct and positive association on performance. It was recommended that
MMUST amend communication policies on a continuous basis as the need arises.
C t:J A_P I E 8
OCC Dimension 6:
Communication
Systems
The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.
- George Bernard Shaw
Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after.
- Anne Morrow Lindbergh
1. COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONS
All communication involves the transmission of a message from a sender to a re ceiver. Communication is central to organizational effectiveness and survival be cause the essence of organizations is cooperation, and no cooperation is possible without effective communication.(ll While communicating effectively has never been easy to do in organizations, there are some special challenges to communica tion in today's organizations.
l.l Information Overload
Every organization must solve the problem of what pattern of communication shall be instituted, and what information shall be directed to what offices. One issue in establishing such a pattern is information overload. There are limits to the amount of communication that can be received, coded, and effectively handled by any one individual.( 2]
John Kotter has an interesting anecdote that illustrates this problem. He asserts that the typical employee receives approximately 2,300,000 words or numbers com municated to him or her in a 3-month period. He estimates that the typical com munication of a change vision over 3 months is one 30-minute speech, one hour long meeting, one 600-word article in the firm's newspaper, and one 2,000-word memo, which amounts to about 13,400 words. Consequently, roughly one-half of one percent of all the words or facts that an employee receives over 3 months will
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76 FOCUSING ON ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
be focused on the change visionYl Clearly, routine information can easily over
whelm change messages.
1.2 Sterility of Electronic Communication Technologies
We live in a time of disruptive electronic technologies, some of which have led to new and powerful information and communication technologies. Data-based re porting systems, e-mail, voice mail, intranets, bulletin boards, Websites, and video conferencing are cost effectively breaking down large distances and providing in formation to huge numbers of people in relatively inexpensive but fast ways. Unfor tunately, these mediums of communication are rather sterile and impersonal, and not as powerful or meaningful to people as more personal modes of communication.
Because change initiatives can arouse strong and passionate emotions within
an organization, these marvelous information and commun ...
This document discusses interpersonal skills and workplace communication. It defines interpersonal skills as the life skills used to communicate and interact with other people, both individually and in groups. Key interpersonal skills include communication, teamwork, negotiation, conflict resolution, and problem solving. The document provides tips for improving interpersonal skills like expressing appreciation, practicing empathy, and active listening. It then discusses the importance of communication in the workplace for coordination, smooth operations, decision making, and morale. Effective communication can increase productivity, job satisfaction, and reduce absenteeism and turnover. Barriers to workplace communication include physical separation of employees, language differences, and a lack of listening skills.
Administrative Communication A Tool For Good GovernanceJim Jimenez
1. The document discusses administrative communication and its importance for good governance. It defines communication and describes various forms such as writing, talking, and electronic communication.
2. Communication is described as vital for businesses and organizations to coordinate work, inform others, and convey messages to elicit actions. Effective communication skills are important for career advancement and determining impressions of an organization.
3. The document outlines principles for effective administrative communication such as clarifying ideas, considering purpose and audience, consulting others, and following up on communications. It also discusses challenges of increased technology, globalization, and legal/ethical issues.
Haley DiscussionI previously worked within a private UniversityJeanmarieColbert3
Haley Discussion:
I previously worked within a private University system that holds several locations throughout the country. The school holds a reputation of social progress via education; additionally, its mission is closely aligned with environmental justice. While the specializations vary by campus, the most highly enrolled programs were those pertaining to ecology, sustainability, and environmental studies. The University’s mission is to, “provide learner-centered education to empower students with the knowledge and skills to lead meaningful lives and to advance social, economic, and environmental justice.” Unfortunately, like many institutions of higher education, the University was struggling to remain financially solvent. Over a 10 year period, the school’s flagship location in the Midwest, which almost exclusively offered masters-level programs in education, saw nearly a 70% enrollment decline after their state changed requirements for educators within their state.
In an attempt to expand on program offers and ultimately increase enrollment, the University was researching industries expected to see growth, and program offerings that would create pathways to those industries. After months of research, the president of the University held a town hall to share out the task force’s findings, as well as next-steps in imagining new programs. Of primary interest to the taskforce was the prospect of creating a commercial trucking school, wherein truckers could earn commercial licenses, credentials, and college credits. Upon hearing the news, staff and faculty were irate; they were disgusted that administrators would even consider such an option, when freight shipping and trucking have sizable negative impacts on the environment. Many argued that creating commercial trucking programs would be in direct opposition to the institutional mission, vision, and values.
In comparing this communication to Vaughn’s article, it seems as though University leadership demonstrated ineffective communication processes and stakeholders had lacking trust. While the institution was financially struggling, many saw this plan as a prioritization of money over educational imperatives. As shared by Vaughn, “It’s always best policy to start with the truth and then you don’t have to worry about covering a lie.” (2012, p. 5). While the executive team didn’t outright lie to stakeholders, many saw the initiative as being disingenuous to institutional values. The communication was overall ineffective because leadership failed to consider stakeholder opinions and weren’t successful in drafting a plan that aligned with the institutional mission. Because the communication approach was top-down, it failed to consider or integrate the opinions of staff or faculty. Had executive leadership have invited the perspectives of stakeholders earlier in the process, they may have saved time and the emotional energy of employees.
I ended up leaving the institution shortly after th ...
The document provides an overview of the stages of virtual team development and recommendations for leading teams at the early dependence and inclusion stage. It discusses how to build relationships, trust, and establish rules and roles to set the team up for success. Specifically, it recommends that leaders at this stage focus on communication, relationship building through informal discussions, agreeing on goals and responsibilities together, and choosing technologies that support interaction among diverse members. Establishing these foundational elements early on helps virtual teams overcome challenges and work effectively.
JuliaThere is an art to projecting management. Knowing how to m.docxtawnyataylor528
Julia:
There is an art to projecting management. Knowing how to move a group of people who all has a common goal but all have a different point of views takes some skills this person will also need systematization. But along with a person to help everyone stay focus and moving the technology that is used for communication is also very important. Making sure everyone can communicate and send files that everyone can case and edit can help keep the project moving forward. Picking the right software from the beginning will make the sharing of information easy. Now for Brook’s Law, I believe if the right people are added and understand the objective this may not slow down the project. Adding a programmer or someone else to help write the simple code like for a table whiles the other people who have been on the project creates the more complex code is a great use of adding people. Everything about project management is about placement and communication.
Mantilla, Gloria E. Vela. "Community Systematization And Learning: Project Management For Change." Community Development Journal 45.3 (2010): 367-379. Political Science Complete. Web. 8 Dec. 2016
Charlene:
Hi Class,
“Project Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques applied to project activities in order to meet the project requirements. Project management is a process that includes planning, putting the project plan into action, and measuring progress and performance.” I think a good project manager makes sure the project is completed within the time scheduled, within budget and good quality. While it is rare that a project goes without any mishaps, a good project manager would be able to catch those issues early if he/she is communicating and writing things down as the project progresses.
I think Fredric Brooks book The Mythical Man-Monthdoes have some truth to it still to this day especially regarding communication. While technology has advanced and there are smarter people, if the communication is not clear on how a project should go, workers' interpretations of what they thought was stated, could lead to a disaster. Knowledgeable, skilled workers who are not afraid to ask questions is the key.
http://cnx.org/content/m31508/latest/
Charlene
S U M M E R 2 0 0 9 V O L . 5 0 N O . 4
R E P R I N T N U M B E R 5 0 4 1 2
Frank Siebdrat, Martin Hoegl and Holger Ernst
How to Manage
Virtual Teams
SMR322
This document is authorized for use only in Leadership and Teams by Dev Team from July 2012 to January 2015.
SUMMER 2009 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 63COURTESY OF SAP
TEAMS ARE THE typical building blocks of an organization: They provide companies with
the means to combine the various skills, talents and perspectives of a group of individuals to achieve
corporate goals. In the past, managers used to colocate team members because of the high levels of
interdependencies that are inherent in group work. Recently, though, more and more ...
Communication management involves systematically planning, implementing, monitoring, and revising communication channels within and between organizations. Effective communication is key to management as it allows for information exchange, decision making, and coordination. Managers should communicate clearly with subordinates so expectations are understood. A four-step process identifies communication requirements, the relevant details of what needs shared, and ensures the right people receive the appropriate information through the proper channels. Interpersonal sensitivity aids communication by discerning non-verbal cues and understanding others' perspectives.
The document discusses two social networking technologies that a university could use to improve learning objects. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each technology and how they would impact the existing software development lifecycle and IT investments of the university. Social media and networking technologies can contribute significantly to education by enabling student autonomy, mastery of learning programs, and a sense of purpose through electronic scaffolding and knowledge sharing.
3. Implications For Organizational Structure, Culture And Managementmctripletwo
This document discusses the consequences of technology on organizational structure and management. It notes that technology allows for rapid communication and information sharing but also poses security and relationship risks. New technologies require PR practitioners to work faster and acquire new technical skills. Virtual teams are now common and require flexible management approaches that consider team members outside the organization and in various locations. Technology enables knowledge sharing across boundaries but also challenges existing jobs and skills.
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Some of the lower vibrations, as you can see on the chart are anger, grief, shame, fear. Some of the higher vibrations are love, joy, appreciation and excitement.
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The Psychology of Successful Business Communications in Geographically Isolated Teams by Dr.Mahboob Khan Phd
1. The Psychology of Successful
Business Communications in
Geographically Isolated Teams
An Executive Summary of the
Research Report by Dr.Mahboob Khan Phd
September 2015
2. Introduction
The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Foresight 2020 research outlines five key
trends for the next fifteen years. Of these, three trends – globalisation,
atomisation, and knowledge management – will have significant impact on the
structure, functioning and distribution of teams within and across businesses.
As organisations become global, and cater to global markets the prevalence of
multi-cultural and geographically dispersed teams will increase, especially as
work gets broken down into ever more granular units to be managed and
delivered by specialist teams or individuals linked by technology. At the same
time many see the future value of their organisations becoming ever more
closely linked to the knowledge they can leverage; knowledge which is
frequently an amalgam of individual experience, behaviour and understanding.
With this in mind I was interested in understanding how communications work in
dispersed, multi-cultural and virtual teams. How does knowledge flow and how can
individuals achieve the best balance between task-orientated and wider relationship-
building communication? How can trust be built across geographic and cultural
boundaries? Which communications technologies are most effective and what’s the right
mix of communications channels to use?
It is our belief that teams and individuals are most effective when they are presented with a
range of communications options and clear information on which will be most effective at
any given time. Knowing the communications preferences of your team members, and being
able to see their status or ‘presence’ in advance of making contact can have a significant
positive impact on the effectiveness of team working and knowledge sharing. Simple and
instant access to a range of rich communications options that brings together text, voice and
video allows individuals and groups to benefit from much of the additional information that
co-located teams take for granted – without the hassle-factor of booking specialist facilities.
Research outlined in the report, The Psychology of Effective Business Communications
in Geographically Dispersed Teams, supports our view that rich, immediate and easy
to use communications have a significant impact on the effectiveness and success
of virtual teams – helping them to match, or indeed surpass in certain circumstances,
their more traditional face-to-face versions in effectiveness, creativity and productivity.
3. Executive Summary
The report was commissioned from occupational
psychologists Dr.Mahboob Khan Phd to examine the
dynamics of virtual, geographically-distributed teams and
how the application of electronic communications in the
workplace could impact the effectiveness and success of
teams. Dr.Mahboob Khan researched a variety of sources,
including business journals such as the Harvard
Business Review and the Academy of Management
Journal, and academic sources such as the Journal of
Applied Psychology and Communications Research to
establish the current best thinking on the psychology of
communications across virtual teams. The researchers
have focused in particular on any evidence that may
suggest the positive or negative impact that different
communications technologies can have on the process
and success of building virtual teams.
The report is broken down into key findings or headlines,
explanations and implications, as well as top tips and dos and don’ts
for business managers. The core focus of this first research project is
to examine the implications of communications technology on
relationship building in virtual teams.
Note: throughout the report, the term ‘virtual’ is used to refer to
any form of non co-located working. This includes virtual or
remote team working, multiple site organisations, remote or
home working, and geographically distributed or dispersed
working.
Relationship Building
Relationships, both personal and professional, are, needless to say,
fundamental to successful team working. Much research has been
conducted into the way in which virtual team members can build
effective relationships with their colleagues and the advantages and
disadvantages that the virtual status of their teams gives them. The
research reveals that people are driven to build relationships with
others regardless of the geographic dispersion or cultural mix of the
teams they work in. With all types of teams trust is crucial and the
speed with which it is built and the strength of resulting bonds has a
major effect on the effectiveness of the team.
Much of the research compares computer mediated communication
(CMC) with face-to-face (F2F) communication as an efficient and
effective way of building relationships. What is clear is that
effective use of technology can significantly
shorten the time to effectiveness for virtual teams, but that care
must be taken over the selection and deployment of different forms
of CMC.
Here is a summary of the key findings, grouped under the three
main areas of relationship building: trust and first impressions,
cross-cultural issues and conflict.
Trust & First Impressions
Trust plays a critical role in influencing group effectiveness. Trust
has been identified as the defining issue in understanding the
effectiveness of virtual teams (Handy, 1995)
i
. If members of
virtual teams are going to engage in cooperative activities they
must trust each other or be able to monitor each other.
When members are working in different locations and interacting
primarily by telephone or computer, most traditional forms of
monitoring and control are not feasible (e.g. people cannot observe
the amount of effort or overhear what team members say when they
are interacting with others).
This ‘behavioural invisibility’ is likely to be associated with
added risks such as neglecting others’ interests and mis-
anticipation of others’ actions, which can undermine the
development of trust.
• Research suggests that it takes a minimum of two weeks
before CMC relationships are as socially grounded as F2F
relationships.
• The use of richer media (voice and video communications in
particular) does help when establishing and building
relationships.
• The research also demonstrates that trust, a critical factor in
influencing group effectiveness, is more readily generated in
high-quality, media-rich forms of communication.
• Effective communication tools and a variety of
communications channels help team members to avoid
misinterpreting the actions of their colleagues.
• ‘Silence’ – or non-response to communication (email,
voice mail, etc.) can be very damaging to virtual team
effectiveness as it leads individuals to misattribute
explanations for this silence.
Cross-cultural Issues
Communication differences within multicultural teams are most
apparent during the first two phases of constructing the message and
choosing the communication medium. This is likely to be most
evident when team members are working
4. virtually. This is because our cultural values affect what we perceive
to be the correct thing to do when we think about how we are going
to phrase what we need to communicate, as well as the method we
use to communicate (Earley and Gibson, 2002)
ii
.
• Heterogeneous teams (teams comprising members from
different cultures) do become more effective than their
homogenous counterparts. But there is a time lag
of approximately 17 weeks due to a lack of shared
understanding of communication strategies in the early
stages.
• The amount of communication that is deemed to be
appropriate within work contexts varies according to the
cultural norms of each country. Cultures vary according to
the amount of context that communicators have in each
situation.
• Getting the right frequency and detail of communication is
difficult. What is perceived as over-communication in some
cultures can be perceived as under-communication in others.
Conflict
Virtual teams experience significantly more conflict than do F2F
teams as their distant members struggle to come to terms with
different perspectives, unshared information and tensions between
distant subgroups.
Conflict tends to be more prolific in virtual teams because team
members are less likely to have a history of working together. This,
coupled with the impersonal nature of virtual communication, means
that such teams have much weaker interpersonal bonds than do F2F
teams.
Distant team members are prone to misjudging the reasons for
others’ behaviour and this causes misunderstandings and conflict
(Cramton, 2002)
iii
.
• Spontaneous and clear communication is key to reducing
conflict in all teams. This is especially important in virtual
teams where there may be more ambiguity about what
colleagues are doing.
• And in helping virtual teams to establish their own identity
which is critical for motivation and team cohesion.
Conclusions
The evidence from research suggests that today’s communication
technology can play a powerful, positive role in assisting virtual
team development and success in all of these areas. However,
technology can also lead to misunderstanding, misattribution and
conflict if it is not well used. Ultimately team members and team
managers must use a range of communications techniques and
technologies to ensure that messages are conveyed in the most
transparent, timely and efficient manner. Any technologies that help
individuals negotiate the complexities of virtual team working must
be a boon.
As organisations become increasingly global in reach, distribution
and constitution; as effective knowledge sharing becomes a main
driver of value and success; and as more complex eco-systems of
individuals and groups with specialist knowledge come together in
virtual teams, the importance of effective communication cannot be
over-estimated. Our research into the psychology and technology of
communication strongly suggests that new ‘best practices’ need to
be established to ensure that team and individual behaviours are
modified to maximise the value of the communications technologies
now available.
5. Best Practice:
Communication etiquette and media choice
The type of technology used by virtual teams is an
important input as media richness has been found to
positively impact team effectiveness, efficiency, amount
of communication, the relationships among team
members, team commitment, and teams’ abilities
to plan, exchange ideas, and to reach consensus.
The addition of video-conferencing results in significant
improvements to the quality of a team’s decisions and
the use of richer media also results in increased levels
of performance and trust (Martins, Gilson, and Maynard,
2004)
iv
.
Choice of media should be determined by the communication
capabilities, i.e. immediacy of feedback, symbol variety,
parallelism, rehearsability and reprocessability (Maruping and
Agarwal, 2004)
v
.
Immediacy of feedback relates to the synchronicity of the
medium (i.e. how quickly someone is able to respond).
Symbol variety relates to the availability of multiple cues that are
supported by the medium. Parallelism captures the possibility that
some media permit multiple simultaneous conversations.
Rehearsability represents the ease with which communications
can be rehearsed and edited prior to their transmittal. Finally,
reprocessability concerns the ability of the medium to maintain a
history or memory of the communication that has occurred.
Different media have different levels of communication
capabilities. Examples of different media are outlined below:
Video-conferencing
• High immediacy of feedback as all communications are
conducted in real time.
• High symbol variety as the visual nature of the medium means
that multiple cues are available (e.g. nonverbal cues, vocalic
cues, verbal cues).
• Parallelism is enabled as communication is allowed
with multiple participants simultaneously.
• Ability to rehearse communication is low because
communication occurs in real time.
• It is also difficult to maintain a record of all communications,
making it low on reprocessability.
Email
• Low immediacy of feedback as communication is asynchronous
and depends on respondents regularly checking and responding to
their emails.
• Low symbol variety as no nonverbal, vocalic or verbal cues can
be transmitted.
• Parallelism is enabled to an extent as emails can be sent to
multiple distribution lists.
• Ability to rehearse communication is high because
communication does not occur in real time and drafts can be
edited.
• It is easy to maintain a record of all communications, making it
high on reprocessability.
6. Communication capabilities of different media
Immediacy Symbol Variety Parallelism Rehearsability Reprocessability
Email Low Low Enabled High High
Instant messaging High Low Enabled High Low
SMS text
Low — Medium Low Enabled High Medium
messaging
Telephone
High Medium Enabled Low
Low — High
conference (if recorded)
Web conference
High Medium Enabled Medium — High Medium
(with audio)
Video conference High High Enabled Low
Low — High
(if recorded)
Unified
High High Enabled Varies, low to high Medium — High
communications
The nature of the task is an important factor in determining which
communication media are best suited to the task’s requirements.
For example, during the first stages of a project, when relationship
building is key, the use of richer media is important because of its
high symbol variety and high immediacy of feedback. Conversely,
when communication is more task-related, such as sharing
guidelines and documents, leaner communication such as email is
preferable due to its high rehearsability and high reprocessability.
Our review has demonstrated the importance of matching
communications technologies to the cultural, organisational and
behavioural expectations and demands of virtual teams.
Although multimedia communications technologies are now
more widely available – virtual teams need guidance on best
practice to use them effectively and in a cohesive manner.
Summary of Best Practices
• Plan extra time for relationship and trust building in
virtual teams.
• Use richer media in initial stages of a project to speed up
relationship building.
• Facilitate cognitive trust building at the outset by sharing
information about each team member’s accomplishments,
experience, competence and integrity.
• Facilitate development of affective trust using socialisation
strategies such as virtual coffee breaks / online chat rooms,
social conferencing via video or telephone.
• Be aware of the negative effects of ‘silence’ – explain expected
delays in response, communicate your availability / unavailability
to team members.
• Provide guidelines and establish protocols for communicating
within multi-cultural teams.
• Agree protocols with the team on response times and message
acknowledgement.
• Encourage team members to be explicit in communicating
what they are thinking and doing.
• The use of a communication mediator and informal
discussion forums can help to overcome intercultural
communication difficulties.
• Help teams to develop a shared identity and shared context by
encouraging socialising and the use of spontaneous
communications, but ensure team members are able to establish
their optimal level of communication and signal availability to
avoid over-communication and interruption.
• Give the team access to a range of communications media and
guidelines to help them select the most appropriate media to
meet the objectives and tasks at hand.