The document summarizes Herman and Chomsky's propaganda model, which argues that the US media functions as a propaganda system rather than a neutral source of information. The propaganda model identifies five filters - ownership, funding through advertising, reliance on PR, flak, and anti-communism/fear - that shape media coverage in ways that are favorable to elite interests. Herman and Chomsky believe these filters prevent the media from objectively reporting events or holding government accountable, instead functioning to manufacture consent for elite-driven policies.

1. The Propaganda Model
Based on Manufacturing Consent, by
Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky
PRESENTED BY
ZAREEN ANEES KHAN
SIDRAARSHAD
HURIYAH KHALID BUTT
MUSHAYADAABDUL RAUF
FATIMAAHMAD

2. • Report events objectively as they occur, to
allow citizens to make informed political
choices
• Control governmental abuses of power,
through investigative journalism
MAJOR FUNCTIONS

3. Herman and Chomsky thinks that the US media fail in these respects. In
fact, they consider the US media a propaganda system. They compare the
system to the propaganda systems of autocratic-style states and observe
that,
“It is much more difficult to see a propaganda system at work
where the media are private and formal censorship is absent.
This is especially true when the media actively compete,
periodically attack and expose corporate and governmental
malfeasance, and aggressively portray themselves as spokesmen
for free speech and the general community interest.”

4. PROPAGANDA MODEL STRUCTURE
“Financial ownership”
“Funding through advertising”
“Reliance on PR”
“Flak”
“Anti-communism and fear”

5. ANTI-COMMUNISM AND
FEAR
National religion and control mechanism

6. ANTICOMMUNISM
• Ideology against a common enemy helps
"mobilize the public“
• "Fuzzy" concept that can be used against
anyone threatening the interests of the
financial elite
• Downfall of Communism left a gap (the
common enemy) that has now been replaced

7. Then UN Secretary-General Kofi
Annan has called the Iraq War
"illegal", but this was never
mentioned in the US media.
EXAMPL
E

8. “artificial fears are created with a
dual purpose...partly to get rid of
people you don't like but partly to
frighten the rest. Because if
people are frightened, they will
accept authority.”
Noam
Chomsky:

11. CONCLUSION