This document discusses media and propaganda. It defines propaganda as misleading information used to publicize a particular point of view. The document then outlines the history of propaganda, including its early uses in ancient Greece and religious contexts. It describes how propaganda has evolved through different media over time, from vocal to digital. The document also discusses different types of propaganda like wartime, religious, and political propaganda. Finally, it introduces the propaganda model of communication developed by Herman and Chomsky, which describes how propaganda operates through mass media to manipulate populations and shape public attitudes.

1. Media and Propaganda
Prepared by:
Bibek Rijal

2. Propaganda
• Misleading information used to publicize a
particular point of view
• A form of persuasion with intended goal of
transmitting one-sided POV through media
• Includes:
• Sharing of reality, ideologies etc.

3. History of Propaganda
It’s governmental use was generalized at around 1914 AD
• Conflict on religion, and the diverging interest of the Public
• Use of dramas, plays and religious festivals to spread ideologies
• Use of articulated mediums
Ancient Greece:
Use in the American Movement, French Revolution etc.
Used by Pope to spread messages of faith and also by other religious leaders

4. • Evolution:
• Vocal
• Posters and Pamphlets
• Visual (TV’s etc.)
• Radio, Books, etc.
• Digital Sphere

5. Wartime Propagandas

6. Religious
Propaganda

7. Political Propaganda

8. Social
Psychological
Issue
People can be persuaded by Logos,
Ethos and Pathos
Herbert A. Simon suggested that
people are cognitive misers
Due to Mass Information, People
are forced to make decisions
quickly and often superficially as
opposed to logically

9. Propaganda
Model of
Communication
Introduced by Edward S. Herman and Noam
Chomsky in their book ‘Manufacturing Consent-
The Political Economy of Mass Media’.
This Theory describes how propaganda works in
Mass Media
How population is manipulated and how
attitude is fashioned in the minds of the people
through propaganda
They mostly concentrated on American
population but their research is widely
applicable

10. This theory focuses on the inequality of
wealth and power
According to this theory, media operates
as a business which sells products
Filtered news. Misshaped News
According to them, the news is being
filtered by :

11. • The major media organizations are in the
hands of a few elites
• Smaller media houses are controlled by the
bigger media houses
• Eg: Warner Media and CNN
Size, Ownership
and Profit
orientation of
Mass Media
• Media Filter news for advertisement
providers
• Advertising is the primary source of
income for Mass Media
• Eg: Advertisers
Funding
• Pleasing the powerful sources
• Maintaining relationships with the sources
• E.g.: Spokesperson of PM
Source

12. • Refers to negative responses to
statement or programs published or
broadcasted
• It will try to avoid any news which
may bring sorts of negative responses
• E.g.: Negative news about Religious
leaders
Flaks
• Anti-Communism values
• Threatened USA’s superior position
and high class
• E.g.: Mobilizing the people against it
whilst portraying anti-patriotic values
Anti-
Communism

13. Thank You