Manufacturing Consent: How Media Shapes Public Opinion

Manufacturing Consent
Manufacturing Consent Questions – Avery Reyner – September 30, 2012
Manufacturing Consent is a technique of control. Noam Chomsky was first introduced to this
concept from an author named Walter Lippmann who wrote about 'Manufacturer of Consent.'
Chomsky augmented his concept to Manufacturing Concept and the philosophy has become so
popular it later became a documentary film produced by two Canadians. Noam Chomsky has been
called 'arguably the greatest intellectual alive' (Fox, 1998) by the New York Times as he not only is
a very outspoken professor, he is also an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist,
logician, historian, political critic and activist. The information in this essay was obtained from his
video called: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second group is the other 80% of the population. They don't think or pay attention as astutely as
do the first 20% and their opinions and thoughts can be somewhat manipulated. According to
Chomsky, their main function is to follow orders. The consent of the people is the consent, or
opinions being manufactured by the government, and the political system. Their intentions are to
manufacture the consent of the people and make sure that their choices and attitudes are altered in
such a way that they will always do what is in the government's best interest, which often is the
same interest of corporate companies in America. This is what Chomsky meant by propaganda.
The methodology Chomsky's used in studying Manufacture of Consent is called the 'Propaganda
Model' and it is an institutional analysis of the major media. The major media he studied consisted
of The New York Times, The Washington Post and major television channels. Chomsky evaluated
them because he believes that ' by selection of topics, by distribution of concerns, by emphasis and
framing of issues, by filtering of information, by bounding of debate within certain limits, they
determine, they select, they shape, they control, they restrict –– in order to serve the interests of
dominant, elite groups in the society.'(Chomsky, 1992) He also believes that by analysing the
institutions it is very obvious they have a goal to make money and the way to make money with a
newspaper is to sell
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Why People Want Firearms: Article Analysis
Burnett, Dean. "Gun Demanding: The Psychology of Why People Want Firearms." The Guardian, 7
Oct. 2015. Web.
The author is a doctor of neuroscience and lectures at Cardiff University. This articles looks into the
psychology of owning firearms. Using this outlook into the why of gun ownership helps offer
insight to the belief in the moral right to bear arms.
Butler, Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso, 2010. Print.
Butler's book includes a thorough outline of the 'grievability' factor for people deemed a threat to the
public in times of war and thereby thought to be less 'grievable' under the scrutiny of the media. The
author discusses how this effect causes the public to easily dismiss people of these less grievable ...
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This book includes recent shootings of congresswomen, Gabrielle Gifford, and looks at new gun
control issues that are found in American politics. This book would help the coming research paper
by providing a constitutional and public view to the right to bear arms. In particular, the two sections
titled Gun Culture and Public Opinion assist in providing this public view of gun control in
America.
Squires, Peter. Gun Culture or Gun Control?: Firearms and Violence: Safety and Society. London:
Routledge, 2000. Print.
Peter Squires is a professor of criminology and public policy and his book analyzes gun control in
the United Kingdom. However most of the book is a comparison on gun violence and protection
laws to that are found in America versus the UK. He often disagrees with the level of gun violence
in America and tries to evaluate what will work in terms of gun control through philosophical
questioning and examining federal laws that are currently in effect. The tone of the book certainly
gives way to an unmistakable anti–gun stance. This book definitely works in the context of gun
violence in America specifically under the first chapter's section entitled, The Gun Question, where
Squires writes about whether people have an inherent right to own a

“Role of Fdi & Fii in Indian Economic Growth”
A PROJECT REPORT ON "Role of FDI & FII in Indian Economic Growth" SUBMITTED
TOWARDS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF POST GRADUADTE DIPLOMA IN MANGEMENT
(Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India) (Equivalent to MBA) ACADEMIC SESSION 2008 – 2010
[pic] Under the guidance of : Submitted By: Dr. Tapan Kumar Nayak Gagan (61) Associate
professor Karun Dev (73) IMS Ghaziabad Kush Dixit (77) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Apart from helping create additional economic activity and generating employment, foreign
investment also facilitates flow of technology into the country and helps the industry to become
more competitive. The FDI & FII mantra is considered an all–purpose panacea for the ills of the
Indian economy and society. It has become routine for our finance ministers to "showcase" India in
various international forums and exhort the global captains of industry and commerce to come to
India. We here want to know about the far–reaching implications of FDI in our economy and,
particularly, how it can stifle economic growth. Fortunately India's economic growth over the last
decade and a half has primarily been driven by savings in the economy, especially by households.
Housewives from middle–class homes should be given due credit for this. If we want to grow at 10
per cent and if our capital–output ratio is 3.5, we need investment at 35 per cent and, if our savings
rate is 28 per cent, then the gap has to be met by the investment. This is, to start with, spurious since
the measurement of the capital–output ratio is not reliable and definitely not applicable to our
service sector, which makes up nearly 60 per cent of the economy

Media Propaganda
Media propaganda
Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community
toward some cause or position.
As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents
information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus
possibly lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce
an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a
change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda.
Propaganda can be used as a form of political warfare.
While the term propaganda has acquired a strongly negative ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Creel Commission provided themes for speeches by "four–minute men" at public functions, and
also encouraged censorship of the American press. The Commission was so unpopular that after the
war, Congress closed it down without providing funding to organize and archive its papers.
The war propaganda campaign of Lippmann and Bernays produced within six months such an
intense anti–German hysteria as to permanently impress American business (and Adolf Hitler,
among others) with the potential of large–scale propaganda to control public opinion. Bernays
coined the terms "group mind" and "engineering consent", important concepts in practical
propaganda work. The file Century of the Self by Adam Curtis documents the immense influence of
these ideas on public relations and politics throughout the last century.
The current public relations industry is a direct outgrowth of Lippmann's and Bernays' work and is
still used extensively by the United States government. For the first half of the 20th century Bernays
and Lippmann themselves ran a very successful public relations firm. World saw continued use of
propaganda as a weapon of war, both by Hitler's propagandist Joseph Goebbels and the British
Political Warfare Executive, as well as the United States Office of War Information.
In the early 2000s, the United States government developed

Rupert Murdoch¬¥S Media Monopoly
The paper explores how dangerous such an important mass media as TV can be, if too many power
is concentrated in just a few hands, and how our perception of reality can be manipulated by the
selection and manipulation of information presented on TV.
Table of Contents
Introduction .. p. 3
1. The development of television .. p. 4
2. Globalisation of the TV market and its effects . p. 5
3. How legislation can influence the quality of journalism .. p. 6
4. How television can be abused . p. 8
5. Rupert Murdoch´s media monopoly and its effects on American television and society
p.10
Conclusion p. 15
Bibliography . p. 17
Introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plake 2004:15ff). At about the same time the Scotsman John Logie Baird used the telephone net to
transmit pictures from London to Glasgow and invented cable TV. This new transmitting method
improved the quality of reception and even live transmission was possible (cf. Plake 2004:15).
In 1940 there were already twenty seven TV stations operating in the United States, but during the
second World War the development of the television market slowed down. The increasing lack of
money and staff resulted in the shutdown of several TV stations and also the sale of TV sets went
down. But after the war the economy recovered and an enormous television boom followed. In 1951
first colour TV sets were placed on the market and in 1960 there were already more than five
hundred TV programs and 95% of them belonged to three major networks: NBC, CBS and ABC.
Many local TV stations which tried to remain independent, were finally edged out of the TV market
(cf. Plake 2004:18ff).

In cooperation with Europe, US television conglomerations invested millions of dollars in the
development of a worldwide TV network via satellite and cable. So television was no longer bound
by the territorial limits of the nation state (cf. Plake 2004:23ff).
2. Globalisation of the TV market and its effects:
As globalisation and commercialisation is constantly changing the media landscape, even on the TV
sector more and more power is concentrated in just a few hands. " Today

The Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War Essay
The Impact of the Media on the Vietnam War
This essay will discuss to what degree the media can be blamed for the United States' loss in the
Vietnam conflict ending 1975. It will be based predominantly on key written resources on the
subject, but it will also contain – by means of an interview – certain first–hand observations from a
Vietnam War veteran.
For the sake of conciseness, and in order to focus the bulk of the content on the main topic, this
essay will make certain assumptions. Most importantly, the essay assumes that the conflict in
Vietnam was, indeed, lost by the US. It also presupposes that � due to the political climate
in the US � the war itself was unavoidable. Finally, the essay takes for granted ... Show
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"Whatever the motives for conflict, they are incorporated in individual attitudes and expressed in
popular opinion." (Albig 1939, 139) It has often been argued that Defence Secretary Robert
McNamara "has done more to shape that conflict than anyone outside the Viet Cong" (Kennedy
1993, 93). This is an important illustration of the power of the media; through the media, "The
domino theory [was] the dominant interpretation of events in Indochina" (Schulzinger 1998, 88).
{mosgoogle center}
By nature, the role of the media is to tell the people what is going on. In the case of the Vietnam
war, the most important role became to inform the people 'at home' how the boys in Indochina were
doing. The current consensus is � with the restrictions imposed on the US troops in
Vietnam � that the US never had a realistic chance in the Vietnam conflict. As one Vietnam
veteran puts it: it was the "politicians [who] lost the war in Vietnam, by declaring we couldn't go
into Cambodia and Laos, which is where the NVA strongholds were." (Melnick 2002)
While political issues like these were slowly demoralising the soldiers fighting the war, the media
were still telling a heavily rose–coloured version of the 'truth'. When the television images were
shown in America before 1968, the editors had policies about what to show: More specifically, there
were guidelines that were designed to

Modern Public Relations Of Western Ideology
War Games Globalized Public Relations of Western Ideology The world has almost forgotten.
Forgotten the way things used to be. We've chosen to forget the ideologies of the world that existed
before the bombs, the wars, and the dark nights. "History is but a myth that mankind has decided as
fact (Assume 2006). After the Great Wars, America wrote the world's history, and later with the fall
of Communism, capitalism under the guise of freedom and democracy became the world ideology
(Steger, 2009). It's goal, globalization, and spreading the ideology around the world. As with any
ideology, there are those who may choose to oppose it, to challenge it, and therefore, it should come
as no surprise that International Public Relations was created by western powers to combat dissent
to the Western Narrative. Utilising Herman's and Chomsky's Propaganda Model we can layout the
framework for why public relations is inherently westernised, and that media is embedded into the
markets system as a result of capitalism dominance (Herman 2003). One could argue that public
relations are talents which the human species are innately born with, and that this gift has existed
since we first crawled out from the cave. However, our self–awareness of these abilities and our
choice to study and refine them into a skilled trade began just after the First World War with the
father of Public Relations, Basil Clarke. Clarke whose background was in journalism, eventually
joined the British

Example Of Propaganda Research Paper
"A lie told once remains a lie but a lie told a thousand times becomes the truth" – Joseph Goebbels,
German Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. This is the exact words of Nazis
most famous propagandist in using media as a mass weapon of propaganda and mind control. Could
you imagine Germany in 1930s, without Television channel, without the Internet, without every
mobile device in your palm, what channel of information will you get? Of course, newspapers, flies,
images, celebrities were used as tools for propaganda purposes, designed to provoke a reaction, and
ultimately, a form of control over their citizen. Nowadays, with all the advanced of technologies,
information can reach everyone in every corner of the Earth, the message is delivered in the subtlest
ways, without people's conscious, has shaped everyone's decision, or at least shape their behavior
toward the decision that the orchestrator want the audience to perceive. With the booming of
internet, information sharing seamlessly, we must ask ourselves, the role of media in conveying,
shaping the society that we are living in. Let look at few examples of U.S propaganda machine, and
later, the particular case of fish sauce in Viet Nam back in October 2016.
First and foremost, we must understand the concept of propaganda and mass media in contemporary
world. According to Noam Chomsky, and Edward S. Herman on "Manufacturing Consent: The
political Economy of the Mass Media" propaganda model was defined as

Media Influence On Public Policy Essay
Policymaking is a political process which is affected by various social and economic factors
(Hofferbert, 1974) and media systems play an integral role in shaping the social context in which
policies are developed. Through the media, citizens learn how government policies will affect them,
and governments gain feedback on their policies and programs. Media systems act as the primary
channels between those who might want to influence policy and the policymakers '' controlling the
scope of political discourse and regulating the flow of information. Textbook policymaking follows
an orderly sequence where problems are identified, solutions devised, policies adopted,
implemented, and lastly evaluated (Mazamanian & Sabatier, 1989). In reality, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, the political sphere is now being colonised by the media, and politics has begun re–
orientating itself to satisfy the logic of media organisations (Meyer, 2002, p. 71). Therefore, the
media are active participants in the policymaking process and the ability to stimulate change or
maintain the status quo depends on their choice of subject or policy issue and how they frame it.
Active investigative reporting attempts to shape policy outcomes, but this does not necessarily mean
that it always represents the most successful approach for gaining policy changes (Spitzer, 1993, p.
7). In fact, sometimes passive, straight reporting can have a greater influence on policy choices.
When this occurs, media independence is largely bypassed, as the news generated depends solely on
the information released (as public relations material) from legitimate news sources. For example, in
the United States, White House staff routinely make 'leaks' – expressively to influence policy
decisions (Davis, 1992, p. 143; Robinson, 2001, p. 948). Robinson noted that journalists regard
"leaks... as indispensable to their work" and that they are aware of their use by officials in return for
scoops (2001, p. 949).
The media may also influence policy outcomes through their ability

The Social Construction Of Reality
Dinan Guan Tom Hannan W 1PM Social Stratification Most people are unaware of the social
construction of reality. This is the process through which truth and knowledge are "discovered, made
known, reaffirmed, and altered by the members of a society (Newman 29)." One main component of
any society is the way individuals are organized and how these organizations cause them to interact
with each other. This classification, or social stratification, is based on class, race, and gender.
Although they are contrasting concepts, class, race, and gender are interconnected systems of power
and inequality. It is not the categories themselves that cause resources and opportunities to be
distributed differently, but rather the meanings people attach to them. Social order is a product of
human activity. Once someone has a belief about the world, everything that person experiences will
serve to support that belief. This is called reflexivity, which "provides grounds for absolute faith in
the validity of knowledge (Mehan 54)." The belief is called an incorrigible proposition, which is
reflexively reinforced through experience. If evidence is offered that an incorrigible proposition is
incorrect, one will provide some sort of excuse in order to preserve his or her belief. This is called
secondary elaboration of belief. Because of this 'loop,' the belief system is always going to be
coherent for the person holding the incorrigible proposition. Reality is interactive, meaning that it is

Copyright Research Paper
Across human history, societies adopted different political and societal systems. The same applies in
term of trade, in which the system evolved from basic barter, common sharing, up to the invention
of gold coins, trade and commerce system. Today's world is dominated by western cultures. The
different political, economic, and societal systems in the world are strongly influenced by the
western civilization values.
Laws for copyright, piracy, intellectual property somehow find the origins in the socio–economical
system of our world.
In the following essay, we will try to explore the different characteristics of the worlds which may
engender the need for copyright. We will next explain what are piracy and intellectual property vis–
à–vis the notion of copyright.
Several characteristics of today's world and its business made copyright essentials for the course of
everyday activities.
First the materialism has been the main philosophy of most individuals. People are commonly
judged based on their material possession. The emphasis is thus put on what someone's own, its
goods, properties. The material benefit is of first importance, and it is the basis of world business.
Thus, when someone creates, produces or makes something of potential material benefit, he will
definitely want to protect it. It's clear that in such context copyright automatically becomes crucial.
The second point is the economy. Capitalism is the major economic system throughout the world.
Here again the

Advertising Research : The Happy Homemaker
Advertisement Research Essay
The Happy Homemaker
"The proper study of mankind is man, but the proper study of markets is women" (The Advertising
Periodical Inc. Magazine, 1929)
Consumer Culture is at the root of all social, political and economic development of western
cultures for the past three hundred years. Advertisements become a key role in creating ideological
messages and meanings. In a consumer culture and capitalist economy, advertisement becomes a
tool used by corporations to influence the minds of the buyer. When a company produces an ad or
commercial, their main objective is to get the viewers' attention in order to sell the product. Many
different methods are used to lure an audience in; tactics may include print or ... Show more content
Women and men have never been treated as equals, history has been a constant reminder that there
has always been outlets such as, writing, filmmaking, psychology, and advertising that regurgitate
the consent idea that men and women are very different when developing there narratives (Sheehan,
1987: 89). The 1950s societal roles for men and women were much more specific then what people
are used to now. The male figure was labeled as the breadwinner of the family, while the women
were simply the homemakers. Advertising has always stuck to the traditional roles of women as the
housewife or homemaker, industries use this imagery to help promote different types of household
products and appliances. June Cleaver from the popular television series Leave it to Beaver;was an
ideal image of what a housewife should aim to portray. The advertising industry didn 't restrict
themselves from just print and commercial ads they also made sure to use sitcoms to further send
out a constructed identity of a women. June Cleaver was a stay at home mom who provided a loving
and nurturing home, she was a housewife who did laundry, packed lunches, shopped, took care of
the house, always had dinner ready, and she did it all well impeccably dressed in pearls and heels.

Historical Trends Of Asia, Latin America, And The Middle East
Jonathan Leighton
Dr. Mayer
Hist 104
25 July 2014
Analyze World History From 1920–1990 Focusing On Asia, Africa, Latin America, And The Middle
East
There has been some noticeable historical changes that have taken place in different regions across
the globe. This paper will thus concentrate on the analysis of historical trends of Asia, Latin America
and Africa in the last century. Historical change has been facilitated by the changes in relationship
and interactions that has allowed creativity to an extend where there has been some heightened level
of change through the years as seen by the noticeable changes in the different region as shall be
analyzed in this paper. This changes range from technological innovations, cultural origination that
have managed to be used across the different parts of the globe (Sivers, Desnoyers and Stow 29).
The patterns and effects of interactions amongst societies and regions around the Silk Road in Asia
is a result of the growth of trade in Asian history. The effects of war, diplomacy and trade in history
of Asia will be analyzed in detail in the paper too as significant historical events in the region.The
Silk Road is a worldwide known trade route of early Asian civilization. "Silk Road" was initially
coined to give a description of the most crucial and dynamic epitome of economic activities in the
world. Silk Road was the greatest trade route that linked East Asia to Europe and to Africa. Silk
Road played a critical role during its

Political Economy and the Propaganda Model of Noam Chomsky
Using one of the case studies outlined by Chomsky & Herman in 'Manufacturing Consent –
The Political Economy of the Mass Media', critically assess the main propositions put forward in
their analysis of the mass media. Is the 'Propaganda Model' still relevant today?
Noam Chomsky along with Edward Herman has developed the "Propaganda Model" of the media
works. They helped develop the detailed and sophisticated analysis of how the wealthy and powerful
use the media to propagandise their own interests behind a mask of objective news reporting.
Herman and Chomsky expound this analysis in their book 'Manufacturing Consent: The Political
Economy of the Mass Media'. In their 1988 book, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky's
'propaganda model' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The American government continued to support and fund the tyranny long after this travesty."Only
the naïve believe that Sunday's election in Nicaragua was democratic or legitimizing proof of the
Sandinistas' popularity. The result was ordained when opposition parties tamely accepted terms that
barred them from power. This plebiscite will not end the struggle for pluralism in Nicaragua. But
neither can it serve as justification for recent American policy. "The Sandinistas made it easy to
dismiss their election as a sham. ..."
Nobody Won in Nicaragua, Editorial, New York Times, Nov 7, 1984 pg. A26."No major political
tendency in Nicaragua was denied access to the electoral process in 1984. The only parties that did
not appear on the ballot were absent by their own choice, not because of government exclusion. ...
"Opposition parties received their legal allotments of campaign funds and had regular and
substantial access to radio and television. The legally registered opposition parties were able to hold
the vast majority of their rallies unimpeded by pro–FSLN demonstrators or by other kinds of
government interference." (http://www.williamgbecker.com/lasa_1984.pdf)"A member of the
[opposition] Popular Social Christian Party, José Lazos said his party 'recognized the percentage of
the F.S.L.N. vote.' 'It was an honourable process', he said."

International Management
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International Management
Culture, Strategy, and Behavior
Eighth Edition
Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University
INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH
EDITION Published by McGraw–Hill, a business unit of The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc., 1221
Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw–Hill
Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this
publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or
retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc., including,
but not limited ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advent of social networking and other media has transformed the way citizens interact and how
businesses market, promote, and distribute their products globally. The same can be said for mass
collaboration efforts occurring through digital, online technology for the development of new and
innovative systems, products, and ideas. Both social networking and mass collaboration bring new
power and influence to individuals across borders and transform the nature of their relationships
with global organizations. As in the past, these developments underscore and reinforce the
importance of understanding different cultures, national systems, and corporate management
practices around the world. Students and managers now recognize that all business is global and that
the world is now interconnected not only geographically but also electronically and psychologically;
it is hard to imagine any business or nonbusiness organization that is not directly affected by
globalization. Yet, as cultural, political, and economic differences persist, savvy international
managers must be able to develop a global mindset in order to effectively adjust, adapt, and navigate
the changing landscape they face on a day–to–day basis. In this new eighth edition of International
Management, we have taken care to retain the

The Barriers of Implementing Total Quality Management in...
UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
School of Accounting and Finance
THE BARRIERS OF IMPLEMENTING TOTAL QUALITY
MANAGEMENT AT THE SYRIAN MANUFACTURING
COMPANIES
Dissertation
Rasha Daya
(110023324)
August 2012
i
LIST OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................
III
CERTIFICATION AND DECLARATION ..........................................................................................
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.................................................................................................................... V
ABSTRACT ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4.2 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
..............................................................................................................39
4.3 POWER DISTRIBUTION AND EMPLOYEE
EMPOWERMENT......................................................................41
ii
4.4 RECRUITMENT AND PROMOTION
STANDARDS......................................................................................42
4.5 BUREAUCRACY
....................................................................................................................................43

4.6 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
...............................................................................................................44
4.7 THE MANAGER–EMPLOYEES RELATIONSHIP
........................................................................................45
4.8 LACK OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
....................................................................................................45
4.9 LACK OF EXPERIENCED LABOUR FORCE
..............................................................................................47
4.10 EDUCATION
........................................................................................................................................48
4.11 STRATEGIC PLANNING
.......................................................................................................................49
4.12 LACK OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Political Media 's Influence On The Media
Political economy media theory identifies a socially critical approach that focuses primarily on the
relationship between the economic structure and political force in media industries and the
ideological content of the media outputs. China has a very special situation of the political
interference which are much serious than other kinds of countries. In western capitalist countries,
the media is defined as a separate news outlet with legally press freedom approval by the
government and formal institution that are independent from the state. Thus one of the most obvious
characters of the western media is press libertarian. (Reference)However, in China, under the control
by the Chinese Communist Party, the media organs are the first and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They argue that the Party utilizes the press staid mouthpiece role to consolidate political rule. For
instance, Zhao Yuezhi( Zhao, 2000:3–26) argues that the Party is aiming to enhance political control
through conglomeration and rationalization of market to the press. China's Party Press is being
transformed into what He Zhou calls 'Party Publicity Inc.' whose chief mission is to promote the
Party's achievements, image and legitimacy by means of softer, more friendly and responsive
message delivered to its recipients. (He, 2000:48) While other researchers like Chan (Chan, J.M.,
1993:1–19) argues that commercialization is leading the media away from an exclusive dedication
to Party ideology. Not only the commercial and industrial nature of media and culture undertakings
acknowledged and endorsed, specific commercialization targets and industrial growth goals were set
by state media administrations. (Guo, 2006) Chinese government tries to keep validity of market
without exerting political control on its traditional press content. (Zi,2003a). Just as Herman and
Chomsky (1988:1–35) in the book ' manufacturing the consent' argue that the 'raw material of news'
passes through a series of five filter constraints, 'leaving only the cleaned residue fit to print'. These
filter elements continuously interact with and reinforce one another' and have multilevel effects on
media performance. Chinese media commercialization leads to a tendency assembling to capitalist
countries,

Consumer Culture And Economic Development Of Western Cultures
different methods are used to lure an audience in; tactics may include print or commercial ads, to
either inform or to target individuals into consuming goods. There have been constant debates
surrounding females in advertisements and the ways in which women are defined through their
constructed identities. Society plays a heavy hand in constructing individuals gender roles, and in
turn many of our identities. Women during the 1950s and onwards have been a byproduct in
advertising campaigns, their roles were limited and became repetitive overtime. A women's identity
was constructed towards the ability to maintain a household, women were only ever viewed as
housewives, through the multiple advertisements that conveyed images of what it meant to be a
'well rounded' caregiver, it became the only thing that was ever taught to them. Shirley Chisholm is
recognized for her famously outspoken quote, where she truthful states that; "Emotional, sexual, and
psychological stereotyping of females begins the

Essay on Outsourcing the Processing of Sensitive Information
Outsourcing the Processing of Sensitive Information
A current trend in business in the first–world (United States and Western Europe) is for the service
sector to follow the lead of the manufacturing sector in looking to the global marketplace to find the
lowest–cost means of production. That is, to lower costs and maximize profits, first–world service
providers are increasingly seeking to outsource "knowledge worker" type tasks to countries with
substantially lower labor costs. The type of work being exported includes telephone call–center
support, data entry, the design and implementation of sophisticated software systems, tax
preparation and financial bookkeeping. Of particular concern to privacy advocates is that exporting
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, the European Union's Data Protection Directive, prohibits sending personal information to
countries that do not have an adequate information security infrastructure. India, with its growing
outsourcing industry, is hurrying to pass legislation that will qualify it to process data from the E.U.
[5], but often the protection of private information is based on little more than the honor system [3].
The time when the legal structure in developing countries can provide for the protection of
information equal to that provided in developed countries may remain a decade or more in the
future.
The Internet is the technology that largely makes outsourcing business processes possible. It also
makes the transmittal of personal information overseas particularly problematic. Using the Internet,
the potential now exists for the disclosure of sensitive data by almost anyone on a scale previously
achievable only through controlled mass media channels. Personal information can now be
broadcast world–wide, by practically anyone, from practically anywhere. If an individual in the
United States were to disclose privileged information, remedies are available to

Independence Day of Bangladesh
On 26 March, 1971 the independence of Bangladesh was declared and the Liberation War began.
The people of then–East Pakistan took part in this war to liberate Bangladesh from the oppression of
military leaders of Pakistan. Independence for Bangladesh was gained through a nine–month civil
war against the Pakistani Army, which resulted in the loss of about 3 million lives.[2] The Mukti
Bahini (Bengali "freedom fighters"), with military support from India, defeated the Pakistani Army
on 16 December in the same year, which is celebrated as Victory Day.
Bangladesh and Pakistan
The creation of Pakistan contained the germs of discord between "West Pakistanis" and Bangalis.
Initially, the population of East Bengal supported the creation of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The demand for an independent state for Indian Muslims became a living force among the Muslim
masses because of its appeal to Indian Muslims that they would have separate development free
from what was described as Hindu domination and exploitation, with an opportunity for economic
prosperity.
On March 23, 1940, the Muslim League adopted the Lahore Resolution, moved by Fazlul Huq of
Bengal, which called for political independence by creating two states for Muslims. It stated:
"the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North–Western and Eastern
Zones of India should be grouped to constitute 'Indian States' in which the constituent units shall be
autonomous and sovereign."
The Lahore Resolution, which later came to be widely discussed and debated, was effectively by–
passed by the Delhi Resolution. Moved by H.S.Suhrawardy of Bengal and adopted in the Muslim
League Legislators' Convention on April 9, 1946, it stated:
"any formula devised by the British Government for transferring power from the British to the
people of India...will not contribute to the solution of the Indian problem [unless]...the Zones
comprising Bengal and Assam in the North–East, and the Punjab,

Adorno And Horkheimer
Adorno and Horkheimer use the concept of culture industry to analyse several strategies used by the
news media to indoctrinate its consumers into acceptance of the existing societal patterns.
"Entertainment," they claim, accustoms the audiences to accept existing society as natural by
endlessly repeating and reproducing similar views of the world which present the existing way of
life as the way of the world. Adorno and Horkheimer are critical of a form of standardized mass
culture that is part of the industrial processes of mass production and consumption within
contemporary capitalism which in turn contributes to processes of homogenization and
massification of both culture and audiences. They suggest that reflection on the culture industries

The Propaganda Model As A Mere Conspiracy Theory
Colm Roche
X00090888
Critically examine the claim that the Propaganda Model is nothing more than a mere conspiracy
theory.
In 1988 authors Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky published a piece of work titled
"Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media", wherein they argued that the
mass media carry out propaganda by way of market forces and advertising by effectively selling
people to other large conglomerates. As media is financed by marketing and strategic advertising,
The Propaganda Model suggests large corporations interact and thrive by directing attention and
ultimately prophets at other large corporations. Since "Manufacturing Consent" was published,
many have argued that the propaganda model is nothing short of a mere conspiracy theory, often
widely condemned for its deterministic overview of media ownership and censorship. In the essay, I
will aim to critically analyse these claims, as well as discuss the Propaganda Model itself in more
detail and get to the core of the theory put forward by Chomsky and Herman.
The authors of Manufacturing Consent argue that the mass media of the United States: "are effective
and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means in no uncertain terms that a stream of what is seen as reliable information is often
submitted to news outlets by large bureaucracies in an attempt to look after their own interests. As
the outlets rely on the money made from these large corporations, it is also in their best interests to
appease them and use the information provided in their news coverage. In doing so, the outlets may
alienate what are seen as "smaller" sources of information and these sources may struggle to get
their information across, possibly being ignored by the editorial "gatekeepers"

Media Influence on Public Policy Essays
Policymaking is a political process which is affected by various social and economic factors
(Hofferbert, 1974) and media systems play an integral role in shaping the social context in which
policies are developed. Through the media, citizens learn how government policies will affect them,
and governments gain feedback on their policies and programs. Media systems act as the primary
channels between those who might want to influence policy and the policymakers '' controlling the
scope of political discourse and regulating the flow of information. Textbook policymaking follows
an orderly sequence where problems are identified, solutions devised, policies adopted,
implemented, and lastly evaluated (Mazamanian & Sabatier, 1989). In reality, ... Show more content
This effect does not refer to the sole influence of CNN on policymaking, but rather on the power of
global media networks to determine political processes through selective coverage of certain issues.
This is particularly important, as most of the public rely on the media for access to foreign policy
information (Brown & Vincent, 1995). Gilboa notes that: "The [CNN] concept was initially
suggested by politicians and officials haunted by the Vietnam media myth, the confusion of the post''
Cold War era, and the communications revolution. Despite evidence to the contrary (Hallin, 1986),
many leaders still believe that critical television coverage caused the American defeat in Vietnam.
Since then, many have viewed the media as an adversary to government policies in areas such as
humanitarian intervention and international negotiation." (Gilboa, 2005, p. 37)
To determine whether the media has the power to influence policymaking, Robinson (2000) devised
the 'policy'' media interaction model' (See Table 1), using the theoretical framework of press'' state
relations in the United States outlined by Hallin (1986). This model was applied to a number of US
humanitarian interventions, which took place in the 1990s. The results showed, that critical
reporting by the media with a strong pro–intervention frame had a 'strong' role in shaping the US
government policies when policymakers were uncertain about their actions but a 'weak' role when
government policies

Media's Analysis Of The Marikana Massacre
Marikana Massacre Analysis The Marikana massacre took place on the 10th of August 2012 to 20th
September 2012 in the North West Province in Marikana. The massacre was a tragedy in the Post
Apartheid South Africa. A number of mine workers from the Lonmin Mine embarked on a strike
demanding a better wage increase. They first negotiated with their employees but failed to reach an
agreement. The mineworkers then took their concerns to the mining unions– The National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM) and The Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union. On their arrival
violence started they were shot. During the strike faction fights occurred employees were shot and
assaulted by the police and Lonmin securities and vehicles were torched by the employees ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If this form is not signed or not present, your work WILL NOT be evaluated. I Nande Makhaluza)
declare that the work attached is my own, original work. I acknowledge that copying someone else's
assignment or essay, or part of it, is wrong. All sources used in this work have been correctly
referenced, using the Harvard system of in–text referencing. The work does not contain any sections
that can be regarded as either a cut–and–paste technique, as a mere translation, or as 'mono–
phrasing' (work taken from a single source). I realize that a design research argument has to be
constructed, and declare that my text is a reflection of the integration of relevant sources. Further, I
know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another's work and pretend that it is one's own.
Additionally, I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of
passing it off as his or her own

What Are We Calling You To Me To The Unification Of God?
The American Government and press still refuses to answer the question: Why did they attack us in
New York and Washington? If Sharon is a man of peace in the eyes of Bush, then we are also men of
peace!!! America does not understand the language of manners and principles, so we are addressing
it using the language it understands. (Q2) As for the second question that we want to answer: What
are we calling you to, and what do we want from you? (1) The first thing that we are calling you to
is Islam. (a) The religion of the Unification of God; of freedom from associating partners with Him,
and rejection of this; of complete love of Him, the Exalted; of complete submission to His Laws;
and of the discarding of all the opinions, orders, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(a) We call you to be a people of manners, principles, honour, and purity; to reject the immoral acts
of fornication, homosexuality, intoxicants, gambling's, and trading with interest. Advertisement We
call you to all of this that you may be freed from that which you have become caught up in; that you
may be freed from the deceptive lies that you are a great nation, that your leaders spread amongst
you to conceal from you the despicable state to which you have reached. (b) It is saddening to tell
you that you are the worst civilization witnessed by the history of mankind: (i) You are the nation
who, rather than ruling by the Shariah of Allah in its Constitution and Laws, choose to invent your
own laws as you will and desire. You separate religion from your policies, contradicting the pure
nature which affirms Absolute Authority to the Lord and your Creator. You flee from the
embarrassing question posed to you: How is it possible for Allah the Almighty to create His
creation, grant them power over all the creatures and land, grant them all the amenities of life, and
then deny them that which they are most in need of: knowledge of the laws which govern their
lives? (ii) You are the nation that permits Usury, which has been forbidden by all the religions. Yet
you build your economy and investments on Usury. As a result of this, in all its different forms and
guises, the Jews have taken control of your economy, through which they have then taken control of
your

Dubai's Political and Economic Development: Essay
DUBAI'S POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN OASIS TN THE DESERT?
by CHRISTOPHER DeNICOLA
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with
Honors in Political Science
WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts
MAY 10,2005
Table of Contents
I
Persian Gulf Development Literature Oil Curse Literature Arab and Islamic Factors Regional
Ovemiew and Historical Background Dubai's Development History
I1
PI1
Explaining Dubai9sDevelopment Outcome Why Not Other Gulf States? Dubai versus the
Development Literature
IV
Dubai in a Cornparatbe Corntext Saudi Arabia Qatar Brunei
Conclusion
Appendix
Bibliography

Introduction
Dubai, a tiny, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2 Ashfaq Ahmed, "UAE Nationals in Private Sector Miniscule – Study," GulfNews (June 7,2004).
Harrison; Nick Meo, "How Dubai, the Playground of Businessmen and Warlords, Is Built by Asian
Wage Slaves," The Independent (March 1,2005). Ahmed. 5 Meo. 6 Personal Interviews January
2005.
ceilings, marble bathrooms outfitted with Jacuzzis, and personal butlers.' In addition to serving as
a popular tourist attraction, this hotel has given the city its own unique icon. The image of the Burj
Al Arab is ubiquitous in Dubai and can be found everywhere from souvenir key–chains to license
plates. Dubai s other projects are perhaps even more audacious. The Palm Island real
9
estate developments consist of two man–made islands shaped like palm trees.8 When finished, both
palms will contain about 3,000 homes and 40 luxury hotels, as well as amusement parks and other
tourist
attraction^.^
In addition, construction has begun on
"The World," a series of 300 islets laid out to resemble a map of the world. These manmade islands
will also offer tourists beach real estate and extensive opportunities for leisure.1° Finally, the
emirate has begun work on a structure that is set to become the world's tallest building, the Burj
Dubai. The exact height of this edifice is a closelyguarded secret.'' Another facet of Dubai that
visitors quickly take note of is the city's shoppingoriented culture. The city contains numerous malls,
many of which offer stand–alone outlets for upscale

Small Scale Industry
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION The definition for small–scale industrial
undertakings has changed over time. Initially they were classified into two categories– those using
power with less than 50 employees and those not using power with the employee strength being
more than 50 but less than 100. However the capital resources invested on plant and machinery
buildings have been the primary criteria to differentiate the small–scale industries from the large and
medium scale industries. An industrial unit can be categorized as a small– scale unit if it fulfils the
capital investment limit fixed by the Government of India for the small– scale sector. As per the
latest definition which is effective since December 21, 1999, for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
7.66 During the one year period i.e., 2000–01 Over 1999–2000, the number of SSI units is estimated
to have increased by 1,58,000, production at current prices by Rs. 72,609 crore and at constant
prices by Rs. 33,714 crore. Employment increased by 7,14,000 persons, while exports were higher
by Rs. 5,778 crores. 7.67 According to projections made by the Ministry of Small Scale Industries
during 2000–01, the SSI sector recorded growth in production of 8.09 per cent over the previous
year. The small scale industries sector has recorded higher growth rate than the industrial sector as a
whole (4.9 per cent during 2000–01). It contributed about 40 per cent towards the industrial
production as a whole and 35 per cent of direct exports from the country. 7.68 The Government has
been taking various measures from time to time in order to enhance The productivity, efficiency and
competitiveness of the SSI sector. In pursuance of the comprehensive policy package announced last
year, the major developments that have taken place in the SSI sector during 2001–02 THE SMALL
SCALE INDUSTRIAL UDERTAKING An industrial undertaking in which the investment in plant
and machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease/hire–purchase basis, does not exceed
Rs.10 million (Rs.1 crore) is regarded as a small scale undertaking. These

Latin American Hisotry Essay
Hisotry of Latin America
History of the region from the pre–Columbian period and including colonization by the Spanish and
Portuguese beginning in the 15th century, the 19th–century wars of independence, and
developments to the end of World War II.Latin America is generally understood to consist of the
entire continent of South America in addition to Mexico, Central America, and the islands of the
Caribbean whose inhabitants speak a Romance language. The peoples of this large area shared the
experience of conquest and colonization by the Spaniards and Portuguese from the late 15th through
the 18th centuries as well as movements of independence from Spain and Portugal in the early 19th
century. Even since independence, many of the various ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, those profits merely whetted those Creoles' appetites for greater free trade than the
Bourbons were willing to grant. More generally, Creoles reacted angrily against the crown's
preference for peninsulars in administrative positions and its declining support of the caste system.
After hundreds of years of proven service to Spain, the American–born elites felt that the Bourbons
were now treating them like a recently conquered nation.
In cities throughout the region, Creole frustrations increasingly found expression in ideas derived
from the Enlightenment. Imperial prohibitions proved unable to stop the flow of potentially
subversive English, French, and North American works into the colonies of Latin America. Creole
participants in conspiracies against Portugal and Spain at the end of the 18th and beginning of the
19th centuries showed familiarity with such European Enlightenment thinkers as Thomas Hobbes,
John Locke, Montesquieu, and Jean–Jacques Rousseau. The Enlightenment clearly informed the
aims of dissident Creoles and inspired some of the later, great leaders of the independence
movements across Latin America.
Still, these ideas were not, strictly speaking, causes of independence. Creoles selectively adapted
rather than simply embraced the thought that had informed

Advertising And Social Culture And Capitalist Economy
"The proper study of mankind is man, but the proper study of markets is women" (The Advertising
Periodical Inc. Magazine, 1929)
different methods are used to lure an audience in; tactics may include print or commercial ads, to
either inform or to target individuals into consuming goods. There have been constant debates
surrounding females in advertisements and the ways in which women are defined through their
constructed identities. Society plays a heavy hand in constructing individuals gender roles, and in
turn many of our identities. Women during the 1950s and onwards have been a byproduct in
advertising campaigns, their roles were limited and became repetitive overtime.
A women's identity was constructed towards the ability to maintain a household, women were only
ever viewed as housewives, through the multiple advertisements that conveyed images of what it
meant to be a 'well rounded' caregiver, it became the only thing that was ever taught to them. Shirley
Chisholm is recognized for her famously

Social Power of the News Media
1 Power and the News Media Teun A. van Dijk University of Amsterdam __________________
INTRODUCTION In the study of mass communication, there has been a continuous debate about
the more or less powerful effects of the media on the public.1 Instead of reviewing these positions
and their empirical claims, this chapter examines in more general terms some properties of the social
power of the news media. This power is not restricted to the influence of the media on their
audiences, but also involves the role of the media within the broader framework of the social,
cultural, political, or economic power structures of society. In order to focus this discussion better, I
limit it to the news media, and in particular to the press, thus ignoring ... Show more content on
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Such an analysis of social power and its symbolic dimensions requires going beyond a narrow social
or political approach to power. It also involves a study of the mental representations, including so–
called social cognitions such as attitudes and ideologies, shared by groups of readers or viewers. If
we are able to relate more or less explicitly such mental representations, as well as their changes, to
properties of news reports, important insights into media power can be gained. Well–known but
vague notions such as influence or manipulation may then finally be given a precise meaning.
Within a more critical perspective, many analyses of social power, including those of media power,
usually imply references to power abuse–that is, to various forms of the illegitimate or otherwise
unacceptable exercise of power, given specific standards, norms, or values. For instance,
manipulation as a form of media power enactment is usually evaluated in negative terms, because
mediated information is biased or concealed in such a way that the knowledge and beliefs of the
audience are changed in a direction that is not necessarily in its best interest. To distinguish
legitimate or acceptable power from power abuse, I use the term dominance to

Marketing Management
DBA 1652 Marketing Management UNIT –– I
Unit No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Unit Title
Marketing management – an introduction Marketing environment Marketing with other functional
areas of management Market segmentation Market targeting and positioning Product management
Brand management Pricing Channel design and management Retailing and Wholesaling Integrated
Marketing Communication Advertising management Sales promotion Personal selling Public
relations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer
behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural
marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Marketing consists of all the activities to facilitate the exchange. Within this societal perspective,
then (1) the makers (2) what they are marketing and (3) their potential markets all assume broad
dimensions. The category of marketers might include, in addition to business firms, such diverse
social units as (a) a political party trying to market its candidate to the public (b) the director of an
art museum providing new exhibits to generate greater attendance and financial support (c) a labor
union marketing its idea to members and to company management; and (d) professors trying to
make their courses interesting for students. In addition to the range of items normally considered as
products and services, what is being marketed might include (a) ideas such as reducing air pollution
or contributing to the red cross (b) people, such as new football coach or a political candidate and
(c) places, such as industrial plant sites or a place to for a vocation. In a broad sense markets include
more than the direct consumers of products services and ideas. Thus a state university's market
includes the legislators who provide funds, the citizens living near the university who may be
affected by university activities and the alumni. A business firms market may include government
regulatory agencies, environmentalists, and local tax assessors. Definition of Marketing As you
already know there are

Education And Process Philosophy Paper
Education and Process Philosophy
Kaleigh Anderson
Liberty University Online
Education is a contested field of study because its purpose relates to associated political implications
of either providing curriculum that critiques and analyzes history of the Americas, or, that which
emphasizes and promotes a support of the American meritocracy and the righteousness of a
representative democracy. Paulo Freire (2000) made the distinction that education is a combative
arena, and that there are many different arguments jockeying for power. As a result of the
contention, student–centered decisions are not always made and oftentimes the decisions are ones
that benefit the political arena far more than the religious or social one. A number ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
B. (2000). Political relationship and narrative knowledge a critical analysis of school
authoritarianism. Westport: Bergin & Garvey.
Dewey, J. (1910). My pedagogic creed. Chicago: A. Flanagan Company.
Epstein, K. K. (2006). A different view of urban schools: Civil rights, critical race theory, and
unexplored realities. New York, NY: Lang.
Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing consent: Political economy of the mass
media. New York: Pantheon Books.
Jacobs, D. T. (2008). The authentic dissertation: Alternative ways of knowing, research, and
representation. London, England: Routledge.
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). New York, NY: Continuum.
Frymier, A. B., & Houser, M. L. (2000). The teacher student relationship as an interpersonal
relationship. Communication Education, 49(3), 207–219.
Kanpol, B. (1999). Critical pedagogy an introduction (2nd ed.). Westport, CT.: Bergin & Garvey.
Postman, N. (1995). The end of education: Redefining the value of school. New York, NY: Knopf.
Postman, N. (2007). Amusing ourselves to death: Public discourse in the age of showbusiness.
London: Methuen.
West, C. (2004). Democracy matters: Winning the fight against imperialism. New York: The
Penguin

Internet of Things
Internet of Things
Over the last decade Internet has made significant impact in our economies and societies by
bringing in remarkable communication and networking infrastructure. The world–wide web has
been a major driver of global information and media sharing. From Desktop networking Internet is
continuing to become more pervasive, with the advent of low cost wireless broadband connectivity,
by connecting to new embedded devices and handhelds. In continuation with this trend, it is poised
to emerge as an "Internet of Things" where the web will provide a medium for physical world
objects to participate in interaction. This way the digital information technology can integrate the
physical world to the online world to provide a common ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Low power and energy–neutral devices – The energy required to operate the intelligent devices will
be dramatically decreased. The search for a zero level of entropy where the device or system will
have to harvest its own energy. In addition to relativel established solar cells, there are success
stories such as vibration energy harvesting (perpetuum), powering from RF beams (Powercast),
energy from shakes (Sandia national Laboratories) and many attempts by exploiting wind, thermal,
strain etc. From energy storage perspective thin film batteries (Cymbet) , thin film micro energy
cells (Infinite Power Solutions).
3
Handling High Volume and high bandwidth data – Just to give some numbers, business forecasts
indicate that in the year 2015 more than 220 Exabaytes of data will be stored. As current network
are ill–suited for this exponential traffic growth, there is a need by all the actors to re–think current
networking and storage architectures. It will be imperative to find novel ways and mechanisms to
find, fetch, and transmit data. Autonomic management – The ever growing complexity of systems
will be unmanageable, and will hamper the creation of new services and applications, unless the
systems will show self–* properties, such as self–management, selfhealing and self–configuration
Challenges
The development of the Internet of Things would critically depend on progress in machine–to–
machine interfaces and

What Evidence Exists to Demonstrate That the American...
'Television brought the brutality of the war into the comfort of the living room. Vietnam was lost in
the living rooms of America – not on the battlefields of Vietnam.' (Marshall McLuhan, 1975). What
evidence exists to demonstrate that the American media coverage of the Vietnam War influenced its
outcome?
There are only two comprehensive inferences that can be drawn upon when assessing the impact
and legacy of the reporting of the Vietnam War on America and its media; the impact was enormous
and its legacy unending. More than thirty years have passed since the American military withdrew
from Vietnam, and in that time, the war has continued to permeate the cultural, and political
landscape of America, impacting all subsequent war ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– quoted by Pilger, J., (2001). p.182.) This proved to be one of the many propaganda missions
played out by the American government to convince the people of America of the just and
honourable need to go to war in Vietnam – although notably during these crucial, early stages of the
war, much of America's military involvement and activities in Vietnam went unreported in the
American media and it is argued that '[the] American press was simply not interested in Vietnam'
(Wyatt, C., (1993), Paper Soldiers: The American Press and the Vietnam War, p.67).
As mentioned above the American citizen's exposure and thus interest in the war in Vietnam was
limited and seemed to be distracted by more 'domestic' issues during the early 1960s such as the
Civil Rights movement. Also, reporting in Vietnam at the time was very restricted, with South
Vietnam president Ngo Dinh Diem in strict control of the foreign press resulting in the deportation
of two reporters in 1962 – 'Homer Bigart of the New York Times and François Sully, a stringer

A Report On Australian Auto Manufacturing Industry
Executive Summary–
The Government of Australia granted $500 million every year to car manufacturing industry in
Australia. Australian auto manufacturing industry confronts a genuine unverifiable future. In the
present day, Australia produces just 225,000 engine vehicles. This is an industry that depends
intensely on the economies of scale and it is of prime significance to accomplish costs
competitiveness, in any case it is the present volume that is to a great degree disillusioning. This
likewise controls interests in upgrading innovations in auto assembling, for example, propelled
mechanical autonomy. With the verifiable ascent in the Australian dollar trade rates, the industry is
experiencing focused weight as far as less expensive imports and fare competitiveness. Additionally
there are a few protectionist arrangements in numerous noteworthy and vital export destinations that
stand to hamper the export. For instance, in spite of the extremely fruitful Thailand–Australian Free
exchange Agreement, the Thai Government forces a non–levy obligation. This makes the domain 's
cost in Thailand extremely unappealing.
Birth of Holden– The Holden name initially showed up in Australia in the 1850s with J A Holden 's
calfskin and saddler business in Adelaide, South Australia. From 1885, the Holden and Frost
Company repaired and delivered horse–drawn carriages and constructed its first uniquely designed
auto body in 1914. In 1924, the organization was renamed Holden 's Motor Body

Doing Business in the Asia/Pacific Rim Region
DOING BUSINESS IN THE ASIA/PACIFIC RIM REGION
State Capital Group 1747 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Suite 1200 Washington, D.C. 20006 (202)
659–6601 PHONE (202) 659–6641 FAX info@statecapitalgroup.org www.statecapitalgroup.org
© 2009 State Capital Group Member law firms practice independently and not in a relationship for
the joint practice of law.
STATE CAPITAL GROUP ASIA/PACIFIC RIM MEMBER FIRMS
AUSTRALIA (MELBOURNE)
Hall & Wilcox
AUSTRALIA (SYDNEY)
Holman Webb
Level 30 Bourke Place 600 Bourke Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia +(61–3) 9603–3555
PHONE +(61–3) 9670–9632 FAX www.hallandwilcox.com.au Contact Attorney: Mark Dunphy
mark.dunphy@hallandwilcox.com.au CHINA (HONG KONG)
Level 17 Angel Place 123 Pitt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tab 6 SOUTH KOREA
............................................................................................................................................ Tab 7 SRI
LANKA
................................................................................................................................................... Tab 8
THAILAND
................................................................................................................................................... Tab 9
This publication is intended to provide general information for those interested in learning more
about conducting business in various jurisdictions throughout the Asia/Pacific Rim region. The
contents are intended to provide general information and not to apply to specific problems. Because
the facts in each situation vary, the legal authorities discussed may not be applicable to specific
circumstances. Readers of this publication are urged to consult their own attorneys concerning
specific legal questions. No one should rely on the materials discussed without first determining
whether the pertinent provisions have been amended, repealed or overruled. This article is intended

for general informational purposes only and subject to updates from time to time. Any person should
not rely upon the contents of this article as legal or professional advice. Further professional advices
should be sought for any particular issues or cases.
Doing Business in the

Evaluating the Propaganda Model of the Media
Emmanuel Sokias Evaluate the usefulness of either the 'propaganda model' or the 'political economy
model' for the study of media power. The Chomsky–Herman propaganda model, at its core, asserts
that "elite media determine what topics, issues and events are to be considered 'newsworthy' by
lower–tier media... in order to serve the interests of dominant, elite groups [in society]" (Klaehn
2005, p. 2). Most assertions of this theory are relevant for today's mediascape, though by and large
the propaganda model holds a prejudiced view of media ownership and conglomerates at the helm
of power. The media industry is undergoing vast changes, with its reach and influence prominent on
levels never before seen. Due to the fluidity of the media ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The concept of allowing public opinion dictate how and what media produces seems an idealistic
approach to appeasing consumers, however, main interests and benefits lie ultimately with the elite.
"Dominant social institutions (most notably the state) possess the power and requisite organisational
resources to pressure media to play a propagandistic role in society" (Klaehn 2005, p. 5). The
content of prime time television in the Australian media is heavily based on quotas of people
watching programs. Different stations compare like time television broadcasts with each other to
identify which broadcasts have reached more people. As an extension, it also allows more people to
witness advertised content on these stations, favouring the elite. If a program under–performs, in a
trial by viewer ratings, the broadcast is either axed, or shifted to an alternate channel to make way
for a program that will allow greater revenue for the owners of various mediums. The Chomsky–
Herman Propaganda Model gives a fitting representation and understanding of the current media
industry in first world, democratic societies. Through applying the propaganda model to today's
society, it can be noted that although society has evolved from old media to the current digital media
field, the elite have transformed their autonomy to retain their prominence in society. Though the
propaganda model may

Compare the Political Regime Type in China and the United...
A country's regimes are imposed to protect the country's interest, but these protections will create
unavoidable conflict–of–interest where businesses are conducted. Likewise, the super power China
and the United States, the perpetual political changes create a direct implication to the day–to–day
business activities and the type business investment plan to enter the country. Hence, conflict–of–
interests are commonly tensions between the different in political ideologies, social issues, historical
and culture background. As these interests are the catalysts to the type of regimes that the country
will impose; moreover, these regimes will favour the different types of industries. For that reason,
the organisations need to conduct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hence, employment in United State require a continue update of the new regime and employment
contacts will have to come to common ground which are for the best interest of both side.
Conversely, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) do have regime to protect the employee interest
and human right, but till date the Peking government are constantly having criticism over the labour
law and the human right issues {text:bibliography–mark} . Much of the regimes have had been
passed down, but the regime are poorly regulated {text:bibliography–mark} . For these issues,
organization found a perfect loophole to exercise the market imperfection; a topical example is to
exercise the low wage labour cost factor and the extension of the working hours or the condition of
the working environment. Moreover, it can draw consent to corporate social responsibility (CSR) for
the types of working environment factor worker were subjected too {text:bibliography–mark} .
These impose an image of 'playing good in their country, but playing bad on the other'. However,
since the Peking government had entered the WTO in 2001, the Peking government is providing a
perpetual change of their regime and improvement of enforcing the regime {text:bibliography–
mark} ; hence the playground for market imperfection will not last long. Erstwhile, some of the
modern political ideologies could be traced back to the Roman Empire, whereby historical evidence
provides the foundation of the different types of

Media Fragmentation's Effects on Democracy
Media Fragmentation's Effect on Democracy
The emergence of new media and the rise of different forms of media outlets have greatly changed
global media, providing audiences with multiple novel options for news consumption. This
extremely high choice environment undoubtedly has some major implications with respect to
politically charged news. Before the advent of radio, cable news channels, and most recently, the
Internet, local newspapers and evening news broadcasts served as the primary outlets for political
news. Moreover, the dynamics of how audiences consume –and now, even produce– media are
changing, in addition to the ways in which media industries define their audiences. New media
technologies at the heart of all of these changes such as print, broadcast television, cable news and
even the internet give audiences increased control and increased choice over when, where, and how
they consume mass media that is slowly transforming the relationship between audiences and the
media. Concurrently, new technologies for measuring and monitoring audience behavior are
revealing aspects of how and why audiences consume different forms of media that previously were
unknown. As a result, there is a commonality to the news people consume regardless of their
geographic location, issue positions, or ideological stance.
It is clear that there are many more choices for media consumers to interact with in the present.
Moreover, this drastic shift made more visible when one views

Manufacturing Consent: How Media Shapes Public Opinion

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Manufacturing Consent: How Media Shapes Public Opinion