The principles of antenatal care
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The document outlines the principles of antenatal care, which include predicting and preventing problems in pregnancy through medical history screening, physical exams, and education. It then describes the current approach to antenatal care, which involves prepregnancy counseling, booking and routine visits, and education classes. Finally, it provides details on the processes involved in antenatal visits, including tests, exams, screenings and monitoring the growth and health of the fetus over the course of pregnancy.
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Antenatal care
This document outlines antenatal care (ANC), including its objectives to reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality through early detection of complications, health education, and preventive interventions. It describes traditional and focused ANC models, with the focused model recommending 4 routine visits and evidence-based activities. The initial ANC visit includes a detailed history, exam, and diagnostic workup to identify risks and plan care. Subsequent visits monitor progress and new issues. Strategies to assure fetal well-being include assessing growth, movements, and tests after 28 weeks. Health interventions emphasize education, nutrition, and psychological support.
Antenatal care
Antenatal care involves systematic supervision of a pregnant woman from conception until delivery. It aims to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery of a healthy baby by screening for risks, preventing/treating complications, educating the mother, and providing ongoing medical supervision. Key aspects of antenatal care include regular checkups, history taking, physical examinations, investigations, health advice, and monitoring the health of the mother and fetus throughout pregnancy. Preconceptional care aims to optimize a woman's health before pregnancy to ensure a safe pregnancy.
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Dokumen tersebut merangkum tentang antenatal care (ANC) yang meliputi definisi, tujuan, sasaran, komponen perawatan, dan terapi ANC. ANC bertujuan untuk memantau kesehatan ibu hamil dan janin, mengenali komplikasi, serta mempersiapkan persalinan yang aman.
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The document discusses intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), defined as the death of a fetus weighing over 500g or over 24 weeks gestation before the onset of labor. It notes that the cause is unknown in 25-60% of cases. Identifiable causes include maternal conditions like diabetes or hypertension, fetal conditions like birth defects or infections, and placental conditions like abruption or insufficiency. Evaluation of an IUFD involves examining the mother's medical history and current pregnancy, evaluating the stillborn infant, investigating the placenta, and certain laboratory tests. Management depends on factors like gestation, number of fetuses, and the parents' wishes regarding expectant or active management such as labor induction. Complications can
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Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
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The fetal head is made up of bones that are thin and compressible at birth. It is surrounded by membranes and joined by sutures at the bone edges. There are two fontanelles where sutures meet - the diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle and smaller, Y-shaped posterior fontanelle. The fontanelles allow the fetal head to mold and change shape during birth. Key diameters and landmarks of the fetal skull are described. The relationship between the fetal position, presentation, and attitude relative to the mother's pelvis are also outlined.
Prolonged labour – cpd, fetal malposition and
1) Prolonged labor is defined as labor exceeding 18 hours for the first and second stages combined. It can be caused by cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) where the fetal head is too large for the maternal pelvis.
2) CPD can be absolute due to a permanently contracted pelvis or relative due to fetal malpositions or malpresentations. Management depends on the degree of disproportion and may include a trial of labor or cesarean section.
3) Careful monitoring during labor is important when there is suspected CPD to detect complications early and intervene if needed to deliver the baby safely.
Obstructed labour
Obstructed labour occurs when the vaginal delivery of the fetus is arrested due to a mechanical obstruction. It can be caused by maternal factors like a contracted pelvis or fetal macrosomia. Diagnosis involves a clinical examination showing signs of maternal distress, frequent contractions with no relaxation, and an inability to feel or engage the fetal presenting part. Management involves preventative measures and early detection of potential obstructions, as well as curative measures like caesarean section to immediately terminate labour and prevent complications like rupture of the uterus.
Cpd
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) refers to a disparity between the fetal head size and the mother's pelvic size that can impact labor and delivery. It is defined as the essential diameters of the pelvis being shortened by at least 0.5 cm. CPD can be caused by conditions like rickets, osteomalacia, or injuries that impact pelvic development. It increases risks during labor like prolonged labor, operative delivery, maternal injuries, and fetal hazards. Management options include preterm induction, elective c-section, or a trial of labor depending on the individual case.
Obstructed labor
Obstructed labor occurs when the fetus is unable to descend through the birth canal due to an obstruction, despite strong uterine contractions. It remains an important cause of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Risk factors include cephalopelvic disproportion, abnormal fetal position or size, or issues with the mother's pelvis. Management involves early detection using a partograph, and definitive relief of obstruction through procedures like vacuum extraction or caesarean section to deliver the baby safely. Complications for both mother and baby can be severe without timely intervention.
Occipito posterior positition
Occipito posterior position is a malposition rather than malpresentation, normal delivery is possible in favourable condition. DR.S.N.BERA, DR.M.DASH
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The document summarizes the contracted pelvis, including its etiology, diagnosis, mechanisms of labor, and management. A contracted pelvis is defined as having one or more main diameters reduced below normal. Causes include developmental issues, metabolic diseases like rickets, trauma, and tumors. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and pelvimetry. Management depends on the degree of disproportion, with minor cases attempting vaginal delivery, moderate cases getting a trial of labor followed by c-section if needed, and severe cases proceeding directly to c-section.
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Similar to The principles of antenatal care
THE PRINCIPLES OF ANTENATAL CARE.pptx
This document provides an overview of antenatal care principles and practices. It defines antenatal care as the planned supervision of pregnant women to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery. The objectives are outlined as predicting and preventing problems to deliver a healthy baby from a healthy mother. Key components of care discussed include prepregnancy counseling, booking visits, routine examinations and tests, education, and individualized risk-based care. Warning signs, fetal growth benchmarks, and presentations are reviewed. The document also discusses models of antenatal care and classifications of drugs in pregnancy.
Prenatal care
Prenatal care involves regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby. The nurse plays an important role in prenatal care by registering pregnant women, providing clinical assessments and testing, educating mothers on nutrition, rest, hygiene and warning signs, and making referrals for high-risk mothers. The goals of prenatal care are to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery for both mother and baby.
ANC
The document provides guidance on evaluating and managing pregnancy. Key points include:
1) Urine pregnancy tests can detect hCG hormone and have 99% accuracy when used correctly. Ultrasound is needed to confirm pregnancy location.
2) Risk factors like medical history, obstetric history, and current symptoms determine if a pregnancy is high or low risk. High risk pregnancies require specialized care.
3) Routine prenatal visits include checking vitals, fetal heart rate, size, and position. Labs and tests are interpreted to monitor mother and baby's health. Referrals are made for concerning issues or late pregnancy.
Prenatal[3]
This document provides an overview of prenatal care, including when it should begin, what is assessed at prenatal visits, common tests and screenings, risk factors, and how high-risk pregnancies are managed. Prenatal care aims to monitor the health of the mother and fetus, identify potential complications, educate the patient, and promote a healthy pregnancy outcome. Key components of prenatal visits include assessment of gestational age, physical exam, labs, history, abdominal exam checking fundal height and fetal heart tone.
ANTENATAL CARE.ppt888888888888888888888888888888888
The document provides guidelines on antenatal care including diagnosing pregnancy, dating a pregnancy, measuring fundal height, definitions, goals, importance, schedule of visits and assessments. Key points include: screening for conditions like bacteriuria, gestational diabetes, anaemia; nutritional supplements like folic acid but not routine iron; investigations include urine tests and ultrasound for dating; and relief measures for common symptoms. The schedule outlines tests and advice at each of the 7-8 recommended visits from 13 weeks to delivery.
Antenatal-Care-1.ppt
This document provides information on antenatal care. It discusses the aims of antenatal care including promoting health, detecting complications, providing education and support. It describes the components of antenatal care visits including medical history, examinations, investigations, and advice provided at each visit. The document outlines the schedule of typical antenatal visits and care provided, including monitoring of vital signs, testing, and growth assessments. Complications are also addressed through specialized antenatal clinics.
4 Prenatal Care.pdf
Prenatal care involves planned examinations and monitoring of the woman from conception to birth. The goals are to reduce maternal and infant mortality and morbidity through early detection and treatment of any complications. Prenatal visits include assessment of medical history, symptoms, vital signs, weight, fetal growth and position. Screening tests are performed to check for conditions like anemia and gestational diabetes. Regular visits allow monitoring of the pregnancy and risks are assessed based on factors like maternal age, pre-existing conditions, and family history. Genetic screening options are offered depending on risk level. Prenatal care aims to promote the health of the mother and baby and prepare for delivery.
Antenatal_Care[1].pptx
The document outlines the goals and components of antenatal care, which includes monitoring a woman's pregnancy to ensure the healthy development of both mother and baby. Key aspects of antenatal care discussed are history taking, examinations, laboratory tests, and health education at different stages of pregnancy. The overall aim of antenatal care is to deliver a healthy baby to a healthy mother without injury to either.
History taking in obstetrics & Gynecology
Taking a good history is very important in making a proper and most appropriate diagnosis.
And it is applicable to all specialties of the medical field.
Prenatal care1 printerfriendly
Prenatal care involves regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby and prevent or identify potential complications. The goals are to promote healthy pregnancies and deliveries through education, screening, identification of risk factors, and treatment or intervention if needed. Initial visits involve a full medical history, exam, lab work, estimation of due date, and education about nutrition, safety, and signs of concern to watch out for. Later visits focus on brief history updates, monitoring growth and fetal well-being through exams and testing, and addressing any issues that arise.
Antenatal care(sreelakshmi)
Antenatal care involves regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby. It aims to achieve a healthy pregnancy and delivery. Checkups include physical exams, lab tests, immunizations, health education, and screening for high-risk conditions. Care is most frequent in the first trimester and third trimester, with visits usually every 4 weeks until 28 weeks and every 1-2 weeks after that. Tests check for conditions like anemia and infections, while education provides guidance on nutrition, exercise, hygiene and warning signs. Timely antenatal care can help ensure both mother and baby remain healthy throughout the pregnancy.
Antenatal care
The document summarizes antenatal care, which aims to achieve a healthy pregnancy and delivery. Key points include:
- Antenatal care promotes mother and baby's health, detects high-risk cases, educates on childcare and reduces mortality.
- Visits are usually monthly until 28 weeks, then two weekly until 34 weeks, and weekly after. High-risk cases have more frequent visits.
- The booking visit establishes gestational age and performs baseline tests. Routine investigations and examinations are done at each visit.
- Health education covers diet, weight gain, symptoms, warning signs, and lifestyle factors. Immunizations like tetanus toxoid are given according to schedule.
Monisha antenatal care
The document summarizes antenatal care, which aims to achieve a healthy pregnancy and delivery. Key points include:
- Antenatal care promotes mother and baby's health, detects high-risk cases, educates on childcare and reduces mortality.
- Visits are usually monthly until 28 weeks, then two weekly until 34 weeks, and weekly after. High-risk cases have more frequent visits.
- The booking visit establishes gestational age, provides information, and performs baseline tests like blood tests and urine analysis.
- Subsequent visits include history, exams, investigations and health education on diet, exercise, symptoms and warning signs.
- Ultrasounds are performed for dating, anomalies
Antenatal care
The document summarizes antenatal care, which aims to achieve a healthy pregnancy and delivery. Key points include:
- Antenatal care promotes and protects the health of the mother and baby, detects high-risk cases, and reduces mortality and morbidity.
- Visits are usually monthly until 28 weeks, then two weekly until 34 weeks, and weekly thereafter. High-risk cases have more frequent visits.
- The booking visit establishes gestational age and date through examinations and baseline investigations like blood tests and urine analysis.
- Subsequent visits include monitoring weight, blood pressure, urine, and fundal height. Scans are performed to check fetal development.
- Health education covers diet,
ANTENATAL SCREENING ALGORITHM
Screening in pregnancy involves surveying women to identify those at higher risk for fetal disorders through the use of markers and screening cut-off levels. All pregnant women should be offered screening tests for fetal aneuploidies and a second trimester ultrasound. Screening tests assess the risk of potential birth defects but cannot confirm if the baby has the problem. Women with a positive screening result should receive genetic counseling and diagnostic testing for more accuracy. The FOGSI protocol provides guidelines for screening women of all pregnancies to aid decision making and treatment.
Antenatal care.pptx
Antenatal care involves systematic supervision of a pregnant woman throughout her pregnancy. It aims to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery through regular checkups, screening for medical conditions, immunizations, nutrition counseling, and fetal monitoring. Key aspects of antenatal care include at least 8 scheduled visits, monitoring maternal and fetal health at each visit, providing treatments and advice, and educating the mother and family. While antenatal care can help reduce risks, some complications may still arise unexpectedly.
Antenatal-care-Nadim-for-undergraduates.ppt
Traditional antenatal care involves promoting the health of the mother and baby through education, monitoring for complications, and developing a birth plan. Key aspects of antenatal care include assessing risk factors, providing health screenings and supplements to prevent issues, detecting existing medical conditions, and monitoring the pregnancy for complications. Effective care also involves continuity with a skilled provider, preparation for birth, and health promotion through addressing behaviors, diseases, and their treatment.
Antenatal-care-Nadim-for-undergraduates.ppt
Traditional antenatal care involves promoting the health of the mother and baby through education, monitoring for complications, and developing a birth plan. Effective antenatal care includes care from a skilled attendant, preparation for birth and complications, promoting health and preventing disease through screening and treatment, and early detection and management of any complications. At the initial prenatal visit, providers collect medical history, assess risk factors, perform examinations and tests, and provide health education to develop a care strategy.
Ante natal clinic - protocol
This document outlines the protocol for antenatal clinic visits. It recommends that pregnant women have at least 4 checkups - in the first, second, and third trimesters and between 36 weeks and term. The first visit includes registration, history taking, examinations, and basic investigations. Subsequent visits monitor weight, blood pressure, fetal growth and position. Investigations are repeated as needed. The protocol advises on nutrition, rest, medication, symptoms to report, and maternal risk factors identified during antenatal care.
Normal Antepartum
This document provides an overview of the care of the normal antepartum client. It discusses:
1) Maternal hormones produced during pregnancy, common discomforts and their interventions, and danger signs that require medical referral.
2) Components of prenatal visits including calculating due dates, describing gravidity and parity, and analyzing nutrition.
3) Physical, emotional and psychological changes that occur during each trimester.
4) Key terms related to pregnancy and the effects of pregnancy on body systems.
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