The document provides an overview of the evolution of the American presidency and the United States Constitution from 1787 to 1877. It discusses the powers granted to the presidency and Congress in the original Constitution. It then summarizes each president's term in office chronologically, noting any amendments passed or new states admitted to the union during their administration. The document serves to concisely outline the early development of the US political system and presidency over the nation's first 90 years.

1. The Presidency and The
Evolving of America

2. Slide Colors:
 Blue
 Red
 Green
 Democratic
 Republican
 Whig

3. Before George Washington
 1787-1789

4. Constitution
Legislative Powers
Vested In Congress-
Congress Makes the
Laws

6. Constitution
Article One-The House
House of Representatives:
Must be 25 years old
Number of them apportioned by the
Census according to the latest count
Every state has at least 1
Representative
Vacancies Filled by Special Elections
called by Governors

8. Constitution
Article One
2 Senators Per State
• Must be at least 30
years old
• Vacancies can be filled
by Gubernatorial
Appointment

10. Constitution-
The Presidency
 Article II
 A four year term
 Must be a Natural Born Citizen
 President gets paid by salary only
 The “Emoluments Clause-no profiting
off the office of the Presidency while
President
 Includes the Oath of Office

12. Constitution-
The Judiciary
 Article III
 Judicial Power (The Supreme Courts
and any Inferior Courts Established by
Congr3ess
 Covers cases in both law and equity
 Covers Treaties and Ambassadors
 Controversies Between Two States
 Admiralty Cases

14. Constitution-
Full Faith and Credit Clause
 Article Six
 Each state recognizes the legal acts of
other states
 Also every state recognizes the citizens
rights from other states
 No new states can be created out of other
states without the consent of the
legislatures involved
 Congress admits new states

15. Constitution-
Full Faith and Credit Clause
 Article 4
 Congress can make laws regarding
territories
 All states are to be a republican form of
government
 Also every state recognizes the citizens
rights from other states
 No new states can be created out of
other states without the consent of the
legislatures involved
 Congress admits new states

16. Constitution
 Article 5-Amending The Constitution
 Congress can propose an Amendment with
2/3rds of both houses
 2/3rd of States can propose a Constitutional
Amendment, and Amendments from which
can be ratified with 3/4ths of the state
legislatures
 No state can be deprived of Equal Suffrage
without its consent

17. Constitution
 Article 6
 All Revolutionary Debts entered prior
to ratification are considered valid
 Constitution considered Supreme Law
of the land, and Judges are bound by
it.
 No religious Test for Public Office

18. Constitution
 After 9 of the Original Colonies voted
for the Constitution, it became the
Supreme Law of the Land.

20. 1787
 1 (1787)
 Delaware
 (Dover)
 Original Colony
 1 Representative (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

22. 1787
 2 )1787
 Pennsylvania
 (Harrisburg)
 Original Colony
 18 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

24. 1787
 3 New Jersey
 (Trenton)
 Original Colony
 12 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

26. 1788
 4 Georgia
 (Atlanta)
 Original Colony
 Confederate State
 14 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

28. 1788
 5 Connecticut
 (Hartford)
 Original Colony
 5 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

30. 1788
 6 Massachusetts
 (Boston)
 Original Colony
 9 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

32. 1788
 7 Maryland
 (Annapolis)
 Original Colony
 8 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

34. 1788
 8 South Carolina
 (Columbia)
 Original Colony
 Confederate State
 7 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

36. 1788
 9. New Hampshire
 (Concord)
 Original Colony
 2 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

38. 1788
 10. Virginia
 (Richmond)
 Original Colony
 Confederate State
 11 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

40. 1788
 11. (1788)
 New York
 (Albany)
 Original Colony
 27 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

42. George Washington
1789-1797

43. George Washington (No
Party)
• 1789-1797
• VP: John Adams
• Military: General of the Colonial Army
• First Lady: Martha Washington
•

44. 1789-1797
 12. (1789)
 North Carolina
 (Raleigh)
 Original Colony
 Confederate State
 13 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

46. 1789-1797
 13. (1790)
 Rhode Island
 (Providence)
 Original Colony
 2 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

48. 1789-1797
 14. (1791)
 Vermont
 (Montpelier)
 1 Representative (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

50. 1789-1797
 15. (1796)
 Kentucky
 (Frankfort)
 6 Representatives (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone & Central Time
Zone

52. 1789-1797
 16. (1796)
 Tennessee
 (Nashville)
 Confederate State (1861-1865)
 9 Representatives (2010)
 Central Time Zone

53. Tennessee

54. 1789-1797
 First Amendment (1791)
Freedom of the Press, of Religion, of
Assembly
Government cannot make laws that
establish religion or prohibit the free
expression thereof
Right to petition government peacefully
Bill of Rights

55. 1789-1797
 Second Amendment (1791)
Militia and the Right to Bear Arms-
interpreted as the right of
Bill of Rights

56. 1789-1797
 Third Amendment (1791)
 No Quartering of Troops
In Private Homes Without Permission in
Times of Peace
Bill of Rights

57. 1789-1797
 Fourth Amendment(1791)
 Defense Against Unreasonable
Searches and Seizures
 Warrant of probable cause needed for
a search
 Evidence received illegally can be
excluded.
Bill of Rights

58. 1789-1797
 Fifth Amendment (1791)
No Person to be held without indictment
for a capital crime
No double jeopardy
Cannot be forced to testify against oneself
Cannot be deprived of liberty or money
without due process
Government cannot take property for use
without compensation
 Bill of Rights

59. 1789-1797
 Sixth Amendment (1791)
Right to a speedy and public trial in the
place where the crime was committed
and to be informed of the charge and to
confront witnesses against one.
 Bill of Rights

60. 1789-1797
 Seventh Amendment(1791)
Suits in Common Law-Right of Trial By
Jury
Courts cannot overturn a jury’s finding
of fact
 Bill of Rights

61. 1789-1797
 Eighth Amendment(1791)
No Excessive Bail
 Bill of Rights

62. 1789-1797
 Ninth Amendment(1791)
Preservation of Unremunerated Rights
 Bill of Rights

63. 1789-1797
 Tenth Amendment(1791)
Federal Government has only rights
delegated to it by the Constitution
 Bill of Rights

64. 1789-1797
 Eleventh Amendment(1795)
States Immune from Lawsuits from out
of state citizens and foreigners not living
in state

65. John Adams
1797-1801

66. 2. John Adams (Democratic
Republican)
 1797-1801
 VP; Thomas Jefferson
 MI: No Military
 FL: Abigail Adams

67. Thomas Jefferson
1801-1809

68. 3. Thomas Jefferson(Democratic
Republican)
 1801-1809
 VP; Aaron Burr (1801-1805)
 George Clinton (1805-1809)
 MI: No Military
 FL: No First Lady

69. 1801-1809
 12th Amendment: 1804
 President and Vice President Run and
Are Elected as a Ticket
 Prior to this Amendment, President and
Vice President were first and second
place-
 Both members of the ticket cannot be
from the same state or they forfeit that
states electoral votes
 Specifies procedures for electing
President and Vice President when no
one has a majority of electoral votes.

70. 1801-1809
 17.(1803)
 Ohio
 (Columbus)
 16 Representatives
 Eastern Time Zone

71. Ohio

72. James Madison
1809-1817

73. 4. James Madison(Democratic
Republican)
 1809-1817
 VP: George Clinton (1809-1812)
 MI: Committee of Public Safety-
Orange City Militia
 FL: Dolley Madison

74. 1809-1817
 18)
 (1812)
 Louisiana
 (Baton Rouge)
 6 Representative
 Central Time Zone
 Confederate State

75. Louisiana

76. 1809-1817
 19)
 (1816)
 Indiana
 (Indianapolis)
 9 Representatives
 Eastern and Central Standard Time

77. Indiana

78. 1817-1825
20)
(1817)
Mississippi
(Jackson)
 4 Representatives
 Central Standard Time
 Confederate State

79. Mississippi

80. 1817-1825
21.(1818)
Illinois
(Springfield)
 18 Representatives
 Central Standard Time

81. Illinois

82. 1817-1825
22. (1819)
Alabama
(Montgomery)
 Confederate State
 7 Representatives
 Central Standard Time

84. 1817-1825
23. (1820)
Maine
(Augusta)
 2 Representatives
 Eastern Time Zone

85. Maine

86. 1817-1825
24. (1821)
Missouri
(Jefferson City)
 8 Representatives
 Central Standard Time

87. Missouri

88. John Quincy Adams
1825-1829

89. 6. John Quincy Adams
(Democratic Republican)
 1825-1829
 VP; John C Calhoun
 MI: No Military
 FL: Louisa Adams

90. Andrew Jackson
1829-1837

91. 7. Andrew Jackson
 1829-1837
 VP: John C. Calhoun (1829-1832)
 (1832-1837)Martin Van Buren
 MI: General, U.S. Army
 FL: No First Lady

92. 1829-1837
25. (1836)
Arkansas
(Little Rock)
 Confederate State
 4 Representatives
 Central Standard Time

93. Arkansas

94. Martin Van Buren
 1837-1841

95. 8. Martin Van Buren
 1837-1841
 VP :Richard Mentor
 MI: No Military
 FL: No First Lady
 * First President Born U.S. Citizen*

96. 1837-1841
26.(1837)
Michigan
(Lansing)
 14 Representatives
 Eastern and Central Standard Time

97. Michigan

98. William Henry Harrison
 Whig
 1841

99. 9. William Henry Harrison
 1841
 VP: John Tyler
 Mil: Major General, War of 1812
 FL: Anna Symmes Harrison

100. John Tyler
1841-1845

101. 10. John Tyler(Whig)
 1841-1845
 VP: No VP
 Mil: Self-Organized Militia
 FL: Letitia Christian (1842)
 Julia Tyler (1843-1844)

102. James K Polk
1845-1849

103. 11. James K Polk
 1845-1849
 VP: George M Dallas
 M: No Military
 FL: Sarah Polk

104. 1845-1849
27. (1845)
Florida
(Tallahassee)
 27 Representatives
 Eastern and Central Standard Time

105. Florida

106. 1845-1849
28. (1845)
Texas
(Austin)
 36 Representatives
 Central and Mountain Standard Time
 Confederate State

107. Texas

108. 1845-1849
29. (1846)
Iowa
(Des Moines)
 4 Representatives
 Central Standard Time

109. Iowa

110. 1845-1849
30 (1848)
Wisconsin
(Madison)
 8 Representatives
 Central Standard Time

111. Wisconsin

112. 12 Zachary Taylor (Whig)
1849-1850

113. 12 Zachary Taylor (Whig)
 1849-1850
 VP: Millard Fillmore
 Mil: Major General
 FL: Margaret Smith

114. Millard Fillmore
Whig
1850-1853

115. 13 Millard Fillmore
 1850-1853
 VP: No VP
 Mil: Guard and Militia
 FL: Abagail Fillmore

116. 1850-1853
31. (1850)
California
(Sacramento)
 53 Representatives
 Pacific Standard Time

117. California

118. Franklin Pierce
1853-1857

119. 14. Franklin Pierce
 1853-1857
 VP; William R. King (1853)
 MI: Brigadier General Mexican-
American War
 First Lady: Jane Pierce

120. James Buchanan
1857-1861

121. 15. James Buchanan
 1857-1861
 VP: John C. Breckenridge
 MI: No Military
 FL: No First Lady

122. 1857-1861
32 . (1858)
Minnesota
(St. Paul)
 8 Representatives
 Central Standard Time

124. 1857-1861
33. (1859)
Oregon
(Salem)
 5 Representatives
 Pacific Standard Time ex: Malheur
County (Mountain)

126. Abraham Lincoln
1861-1865

127. 16. Abraham Lincoln
 1861-1865
 VP: Hannibal Hamlin (1861-1865)
 Andrew Johnson (1865)
 MI: Volunteer, Black Hawk War
 FL: Mary Todd Lincoln

128. 1861-1865
34 (1861)
Kansas
(Topeka)
 4 Representatives
 Central and Mountain Standard Time

130. 1861-1865
35. (1863)
West Virginia
(Charleston)
 3 Representatives
 Eastern Standard Time
 *Separated from Virginia due to the
Civil War*

131. West Virginia

132. 1861-1865
36. (1864)
Nevada
(Carson City)
 4 Representatives
 Pacific Standard Time

133. Nevada

134. (Constitution)
 13) (1865) Slavery will no longer exist
within the United States except as a
punishment for crime.
 Only Ratified Amendment signed by a
President (Abraham Lincoln)

135. Andrew Johnson
1865-1869

136. 17. Andrew Johnson
 1865-1869
 VP: No Vice President
 MI: Brigadier General 1830’s
 Eliza Johnson

137. 1865-1869
37. (1867)
Nebraska
(Lincoln)
 3 Representatives
 Central and Mountain Standard Time

139. Constitution
 14)(1868) Natural Born Citizenship-Bill
of Rights Extends to the States.
 Natural Born Citizenship defined

140. Ulysses S. Grant
1869-1877

141. 18. Ulysses S. Grant
 1869-1877
 VP: Schuyler Colfax (1869-1873)
 MI: General of the Armies, (Civil War)
 FL: Julia Dent Grant

142. Constitution
 15. (1870)
 Universal Male Suffrage regardless of
Race or previous condition of
servitude-applies to states as well as
the federal Government
 Thomas Mundy Peterson (10/6/1824-
2/4/1904 of New Jersey First Af-Am
male to vote under the 15th
Amendment.

143. 1869-1877
38. (1876)
Colorado
(Denver)
 7 Representatives
 Mountain Standard Time

145. Rutherford B. Hayes
1877-1881

146. 19. Rutherford B. Hayes
 1877-1881
 VP: William Wheeler
 MI: Major General, U.S. Civil War
 FL: Lucy Hayes

147. James A. Garfield
1881

148. 20. James A. Garfield
 1881
 VP; William Wheeler
 MI: Major General, Civil War
 FL: Lucretia Garfield

149. Chester A. Arthur
1881-1885

150. 21. Chester A. Arthur
 1881-1885
 VP; No VP
 MI: Quartermaster, NY State, Civil War
 FL: No First Lady

151. Grover Cleveland
1885-1889

152. 22. Grover Cleveland
 1885-1889
 VP: Thomas Attendricks
 MI: None: Hired Substitute
 FL: Frances Cleveland (1886)

153. Benjamin Harrison
1889-1893

154. 23. Benjamin Harrison
 VP; Levi P. Morton
 MI: Colonel-Union Army
 FL: Caroline Harrison (1892)
1889-1893

155. 1889-1893
39. (1889)
North Dakota
(Bismarck)
 1 Representative
 Central and Mountain Standard Time

157. 1889-1893
40. (1889)
South Dakota
(Pierre)
 1 Representative
 Central and Mountain Standard Time

159. 41. (1889)
Montana
(Helena)
 1 Representative
 Mountain Standard Time

161. 1889-1893
42. (1889) Washington
(Olympia)
 10 Representatives
 Pacific Standard Time

163. 1889-1893
43. (1890)
Idaho
(Boise)
 2 Representatives
 Mountain and Pacific Standard Time

164. Idaho

165. 1889-1893
43. (1890)
Wyoming
(Cheyenne)
 1 Representative
 Mountain Standard Time

167. Grover Cleveland
1893-1897

168. 24. Grover Cleveland
 1893-1897
 VP: Adlai Stevenson I
 MI: None: Hired Substitute
 FL: Frances Cleveland (1886)

169. 1893-1897
45.(1896)
Utah
(Salt Lake City)
 4 Representatives
 Mountain Standard Time

171. William McKinley
1897-1901

172. 25. William McKinley
 1897-1901
 VP; Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
Garrett Hobart (1897-1901)
 MI: Union Army
 FL: Ida McKinley

173. Theodore Roosevelt
1901-1909

174. 26. Theodore Roosevelt
 1901-1909
 VP: James Sherman
 MI: Secretary of War
 FL: Edith C Roosevelt


175. 1901-1909
46 (1907)
Oklahoma
(Oklahoma City)
 5 Representatives
 Mountain Standard Time

177. William Howard Taft
1909-1913

178. 27. William Howard Taft
 1909-1913
 VP: James Sherman
 MI: Secretary of War
 FL: Helen Taft

179. 1909-1913
47 (1912)
New Mexico
(Santa Fe)
 3 Representatives
 Mountain Standard Time

181. 1909-1913
48.(1912)
Arizona
(Phoenix)
 9 Representatives
 Mountain Standard Time

183. Woodrow Wilson
1913-1921

184. 28. Woodrow Wilson
 1913-1921
 VP: Thomas R. Marshall
 MI: No Military
 FL: Ellen Wilson (1913-1914)
 Edith B. Galt (1915-1924)

185. (Constitution)
 16)(1913) Income Tax Becomes
permanent-no more need for
apportionment according to the
census-before Fed Govt financed by
tariffs and excise-but those were no
longer enough for an industrial world.

186. (Constitution)
 17)(1913) Direct Election of Senators-
once Senators were chosen by State
Legislatures

187. (Constitution)
 18)(1919)The Prohibition Amendment
 (Overturned by the 21st-Prohibited the
sale, manufacture, export and import
of alcohol)

188. (Constitution)
 19) (1920) Women’s Suffrage-the right
to vote shall not be denied by the
Federal Government or the States by
reason of sex.

189. Warren G. Harding
1921-1923

190. 29. Warren G. Harding
 1921-1923
 VP: Calvin Coolidge
 MI: No Military Service
 FL: Florence Harding

191. Calvin Coolidge
1923-1929

192. 30. Calvin Coolidge
 1923-1929
 VP: Charles Dawes
 MI: No Military Service
 FL: Grace Coolidge

193. Herbert Hoover
1929-1933

194. 31. Herbert Hoover
 1929-1933
 VP: Charles Curtis
 MI: Tianjin City Uprising (1890)
 FL: Lou Henry Hoover

195. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1933-1945

196. 32. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
 1933-1945
 VP: John Garner Nance (1933-1941),
Henry Wallace (1941-1945), Harry S.
Truman (1945)
 MI: Assistant Secretary of the Navy
 FL: Eleanor Roosevelt

197. (Constitution)
 20)(1933) Presidential Start of Term
Moved from March 4th to January 20th
at Noon
 Congress must now start on January
3rd, and must now meet every year.
 Provisions made for succession if
President dies before inauguration

198. Constitution
 21) (1933) Repeal of Prohibition (18th
Amendment)
 State level Prohibition could continue

199. Harry S. Truman
1945-1953

200. 33. Harry S. Truman
 1945-1953
 VP: Alben Barkley (1949-1953)
 MI: Army World War I & Army Reserve
 FL: Bess Truman

201. Constitution
 22) Presidential Term Limits
 No Person can be elected President
more than twice and only once if they
have served more than 2 years of
someone else’s term. Restriction only
applies to this position and no other
Federal Post

202. Dwight D. Eisenhower
1953-1961

203. 34. Dwight D. Eisenhower
 1953-1961
 VP: Richard Nixon
 MI: General of the Armies, World War
2
 FL: Mamie Eisenhower

204. 1953-1961
49.(1959)
Alaska
 1 Representative
 Alaska Standard Time (except
 The Aleutians)

206. 1953-1961
50. (1959)
Hawaii
(Honolulu)
 2 Representatives
 Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time

208. John F. Kennedy
1961-1963

209. 35. John F Kennedy
 1961-1963
 VP: Lyndon Baines Johnson
 MI: Navy, World War II
 FL: Jaqueline Kennedy

210. Constitution
 23. (1961)
 DC Gets Electoral Votes
 Washington DC can now vote in
Presidential Elections-but can have no
more electoral votes than the least
populous state.

211. Lyndon Baines Johnson
1963-1969

212. 36. Lyndon Baines Johnson
 1963-1969
 VP :Hubert H. Humphrey (1964-1969)
 MI: Lt. Commander, Naval Reserve,
Observer of Bomber Missions
 FL: Lady Bird Johnson

213. Constitution
 24) (1964)
 End of Poll Tax-No denial of the right
to vote due to not paying a poll tax

214. Constitution
 25) (1967)
 Codifies That The VP will succeed the
President in case of death or disability

215. Richard Nixon
1969-1974

216. 37. Richard Nixon
 1969-1974
 VP: Spiro Agnew (1969-1973)
 Gerald Ford (1973-1974)
 MI: U.S. Navy Reserve (World War II)
 FL: Patricia Nixon

217. Constitution
 26. (1971) 18 year olds can vote

218. Gerald Ford
1974-1977

219. 38. Gerald Ford
 1974-1977
 VP: Nelson Rockefeller
 MI: U.S. Navy Reserve (World War II)
 FL: Betty Ford

220. Jimmy Carter
1977-1981

221. 39. Jimmy Carter
 1977-1981
 VP: Walter Mondale
 MI: US. Navy Lieutenant
 FL: Roslyn Carter

222. Ronald Reagan
1981-1989

223. 40. Ronald Reagan
 1981-1989
 VP: George H. W. Bush
 MI: 1937-Army Enlisted Reserve
(1942-Active Duty)
 FL: Nancy Reagan

224. George H.W. Bush
1989-1993

225. 41. George H. W. Bush
 1989-1993
 1924-2018
 VP: Daniel Quayle
 MI: United States Navy, World War 2
 FL: Barbara Bush

226. Constitution
 27) (1992)Congress can’t give itself
pay raises for the current session-pay
raises take effect the next Session of
Congress

227. Bill Clinton
1993-2001

228. 42. Bill Clinton
 1993-2001
 VP; Albert Gore
 MI: No Military
 FL: Hillary Clinton

229. George W. Bush
2001-2009

230. 43. George W. Bush
 2001-2009
 VP: Richard Cheney
 MI: Fighter Interceptor Grp (1968-
1974)
 FL: Laura Bush

231. Barack H. Obama
2009-2017

232. 44. Barack H. Obama
 2009-2017
 VP; Joseph Biden
 MI: No Military
 FL: Michelle Obama

233. Donald J. Trump
2017-

234. 45. Donald J Trump
 2017-
 VP: Michael Pence
 MI: No Military
 FL: Melania Trump

235. The End For Now…
A Republic If You Can Keep It..
 CarolDuhart’s
Coffeehouse and
Multi Blog